1,721,004 research outputs found
Body composition obtained from the body mass index
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Since obesity and related diseases are now considered epidemic, new
and more accurate formulas for epidemiological studies are of interest to the
scientific community. Several equations have been proposed to estimate the body
composition simply from anthropometric measurements. However, with time, the body
composition of the populations studied changes in relation to their food habits
and lifestyle, and, therefore, the equations must be regularly updated and
corrected.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to develop new equations to determine
the body composition among the Italian population using the body mass index and
independently by variables such as age and body structure.
METHODS: Bioelectrical impedance and anthropometric analysis of 764 Italian
Caucasian subjects (342 females and 422 males), 11 to 80 years of age, were
analysed. Females and males were analysed separately. Multiple regression
analyses were performed in order to estimate the body composition of the
subjects. The estimated masses were then compared with the measured masses using
Bland and Altman plots. We also calculated the differences between the estimated
and measured masses, reported as % of the body weight, for the 95, 85 and 75
degrees percentile of the female and male groups. Finally we compared our
formulas with the Watson equations, which are used to estimate the total body
water.
RESULTS: All body masses estimated were positively correlated to the measured
values. Moreover, at any percentile analysed, our formulas resulted more precise
than the Watson formula. Equations: Females: FM = 1.9337 BMI - 26.422; FFM = BW -
FM; BCM = 0.3655 FFM + 4.865; TBW = 0.5863 FFM + 7.1732; Males: FM = 1.407 BMI -
21.389; FFM = BW - FM; BCM = 0.4485 FFM + 3.3534; TBW = 0.6997 + 1.4567.
CONCLUSIONS: Although an inevitable inaccuracy must be expected in
epidemiological studies, our equations are adequate to analyze the body
composition state and changes occurring among the Italian population by simply
considering weight and height
Effects of Losartan and Irbesartan administration on brain angiotensinogen mRNA levels
Full text linkLosartan,
2-n-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1-[(2'(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-biphenil-4-yl)methyl]
imidazole, and Irbesartan,
2-n-butyl-3-[(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-1,3-diaza-spiro[4,4]non
-1-en-4-one, are two angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists largely used in human
health care as antihypertensive agents. Their ability to cross the blood-brain
barrier and to influence the central renin-angiotensin system are widely
investigated, but how this brain system responds to the subchronic and chronic
block of the angiotensin AT1 receptor is still unknown. Normotensive rats were
intragastrically implanted for 7- and 30-day administration, with a dose of 3 and
30 mg/kg body weight. Treatments were shown to influence, in a dose-, time- and
brain-area-dependent manner, angiotensinogen mRNA levels in scanned areas. This
study showed a general up-regulation of angiotensinogen mRNA expression after 7
days and a widespread down-regulation or basal level of expression after a 30-day
administration of two angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists
Cold exposure increases exercise-induced oxidative stress.
No full textAIM:
We determined the combined effects of cold and exercise on oxidative stress during submaximal exercise.
METHODS:
Sixteen amateur male cyclists pedaled at a constant speed corresponding to 85% of maximal HR as determined in normal conditions. Eight athletes pedaled indoors at 23 °C while 8 athletes pedaled outdoors at a temperature of 4-6 °C. We then evaluated the levels of reactive oxygen metabolites and plasma levels of antioxidants after exercise.
RESULTS:
Performing a physical task in cold conditions increased the free radical production, as demonstrated by the augmented levels of reactive oxygen metabolites and the concomitant decrease of plasma levels of antioxidants in outdoors cyclists as compared to indoors cyclists. The overall ANOVA and the post-hoc comparisons revealed a significant exercise and temperature effect. The mean level of reactive oxygen metabolites in athletes who exercised indoors was significantly lower than that of the outdoor athletes. Moreover, the outdoors group presented plasma levels of antioxidants significantly lower than those of the indoors group.
CONCLUSION:
Since several sports are performed outdoors during the winter season, the increased risk of oxidative stress in cold conditions must be considered in these disciplines. Cyclists, football and rugby players, and runners are all affected by the elevation in oxygen radicals induced by cold and should take appropriate precautions, such as specific antioxidant integration
Effect of gestational hypertensive women plasma on human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
No full text
Mebendazole inhibits growth of human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines implanted in nude mice
Full text linkAdrenocortical carcinoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal gland which requires new
therapeutic approaches as its early diagnosis is difficult and prognosis poor
despite therapies used. Recently, mebendazole has been proved to be effective
against different cancers. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether
mebendazole may result therapeutically useful in the treatment of human
adrenocortical carcinoma. We analyzed the effect of mebendazole on human
adrenocortical carcinoma cells in vitro and after implantation in nude mice. In
order to clarify mechanisms of mebendazole action, metastases formation,
apoptosis and angiogenesis were also investigated. Mebendazole significantly
inhibited cancer cells growth, both in vitro and in vivo, the effects being due
to the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, mebendazole inhibited invasion and
migration of cancer cells in vitro, and metastases formation in vivo. Overall,
these data suggest that treatment with mebendazole, also in combination with
standard therapies, could provide a new protocol for the inhibition of
adrenocortical carcinoma growth
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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