1,721,002 research outputs found
Influenze genoma-ambiente sulla psicopatologia
No full textLa psicopatologia è il risultato di una complessa interazione tra predisposizioni genetiche e fattori ambientali. Questa tesi esplora gli effetti gene-ambiente che contribuiscono al rischio di disturbi mentali. Sfruttando ampi dataset genomici ed epidemiologici, questa ricerca dimostra come i dati genetici possano chiarire l'impatto di influenze ambientali come povertà, deprivazione e maltrattamenti nell'infanzia (CM) sul rischio di psicopatologia. Le analisi di randomizzazione mendeliana hanno rivelato relazioni causali bidirezionali tra povertà e schizofrenia, con la povertà che aumenta anche il rischio di disturbo depressivo maggiore e disturbo da deficit di attenzione e iperattività (ADHD), riducendo invece la probabilità di anoressia nervosa. Inoltre, i CM vengono identificati come un mediatore significativo tra la vulnerabilità genetica e il rischio di psicosi, con le predisposizioni genetiche alla schizofrenia che aumentano la probabilità di esposizione ai maltrattamenti e di conseguenza il rischio di psicosi. Gli effetti differenziali di specifiche forme di maltrattamento — abuso sul rischio di schizofrenia e trascuratezza sul rischio di disturbo bipolare — evidenziano i complessi percorsi attraverso i quali i fattori ambientali influenzano gli esiti della salute mentale. Questi risultati sottolineano il ruolo cruciale dei dati genetici nella valutazione dei contributi ambientali ai disturbi psichiatrici e suggeriscono potenziali obiettivi per interventi preventivi.Psychopathology is the result of a complex interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental factors. This thesis explores the gene-environment effects that contribute to the risk of mental disorders. Leveraging large-scale genomic and epidemiological datasets, this research demonstrates how genetic data can elucidate the impact of environmental influences such as poverty, deprivation, and childhood maltreatment (CM) on the risk of psychopathology. Mendelian randomization analyses reveal bidirectional causal relationships between poverty and schizophrenia, with poverty also elevating the risk for major depressive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while reducing the likelihood of anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, CM is identified as a significant mediator between genetic vulnerability and psychosis risk, with genetic predispositions to schizophrenia increasing the probability of maltreatment exposure and consequently increasing the risk of psychosis. The differential effects of specific forms of maltreatment—abuse on schizophrenia risk and neglect on bipolar disorder risk—highlight the complex pathways through which environmental factors shape mental health outcomes. These findings underscore the critical role of genetic data in assessing environmental contributions to psychiatric disorders and point to potential targets for preventive interventions
Clonidine for post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review of the current evidence
Full text linkBackground: Clonidine is a centrally acting anti-adrenergic agent that may have applications in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly for sleep.Objective: In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the effect of clonidine on sleep quality and duration, nightmares, and PTSD symptom severity in adults with PTSD.Method: PubMed (Medline), Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to April 2023. Studies on clonidine use in adult PTSD patients reporting data on the effect on sleep, nightmares, and PTSD symptoms were included. A narrative summary and a meta-analysis of the study findings are presented.Results: Ten reports, accounting for N = 569 patients with PTSD (145 on clonidine and 436 controls), were included in the final selection. There were four case reports, four observational studies, one non-blind clinical trial, and one crossover randomized controlled trial (RCT). Median clonidine dose was 0.15 mg/day (range: 0.1-0.5 mg/day). Median follow-up time was 31 days (range: 3 days to 19 months). The quality of the evidence was rated from very low to low. There was marked between-study heterogeneity and low power in the individual studies, but many reported improved sleep quality, nightmare reduction, and improvement of PTSD symptoms for patients treated with clonidine. Meta-analysis was only possible for two studies reporting the effect of clonidine on nightmares, and showed no difference from the comparator (i.e. prazosin or terazosin) (odds ratio: 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 0.66 to 2.05), potentially pointing towards non-inferiority between these medications.Conclusions: Future research, such as well-powered RCTs, is needed to identify the efficacy in the lower dose range and the most suitable treatment group, and to obtain good evidence on the effects of clonidine in the treatment of sleep disorders related to PTSD.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with hyperarousal and sleep disorders, reflecting adrenergic nervous system involvement.The use of anti-adrenergic drugs to target the sympathetic activation in PTSD is rational. However, previous reports on prazosin, a peripherally acting agent, yielded weak evidence.Clonidine, a central adrenergic antagonist, shows promise in improving sleep, nightmares, and PTSD symptoms, but further research is needed because the quality of the current evidence is low.Antecedentes: La clonidina es un agente antiadren & eacute;rgico de acci & oacute;n central que podr & iacute;a tener aplicaciones en el trastorno de estr & eacute;s postraum & aacute;tico (TEPT), particularmente para el sue & ntilde;o.Objetivo: En esta revisi & oacute;n sistem & aacute;tica el objetivo fue resumir el efecto de la clonidina sobre la calidad y duraci & oacute;n del sue & ntilde;o, las pesadillas y la gravedad de los s & iacute;ntomas de TEPT en adultos con TEPT.M & eacute;todo: Se realizaron b & uacute;squedas en PubMed (Medline), Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL y Clinicaltrials.gov hasta abril de 2023. Se incluyeron estudios sobre el uso de clonidina en pacientes adultos con TEPT informando datos sobre el efecto en el sue & ntilde;o, pesadillas y s & iacute;ntomas de TEPT. Se presenta un resumen narrativo y un metan & aacute;lisis de los hallazgos del estudio.Resultados: En la selecci & oacute;n final se incluyeron diez comunicaciones, que representaban N = 569 pacientes con TEPT (145 con clonidina y 436 controles). Hubo 4 informes de casos, 4 estudios observacionales, 1 ensayo cl & iacute;nico no ciego y 1 ensayo cl & iacute;nico aleatorizado (ECA) cruzado. La dosis mediana de clonidina fue de 0,15 mg/d & iacute;a (rango: 0,1-0,5 mg/d & iacute;a). La mediana del tiempo de seguimiento fue de 31 d & iacute;as (entre 3 d & iacute;as y 19 meses). La calidad de la evidencia se calific & oacute; de muy baja a baja. Hubo una marcada heterogeneidad entre los estudios y un poder estad & iacute;stico bajo en los estudios individuales, pero muchos informaron una mejor calidad del sue & ntilde;o, una reducci & oacute;n de las pesadillas y una mejor & iacute;a de los s & iacute;ntomas de TEPT en los pacientes tratados con clonidina. El metan & aacute;lisis solo fue posible para dos estudios que informaron el efecto de la clonidina sobre las pesadillas y no mostr & oacute; diferencias con el comparador (es decir, prazosina o terazosina) (OR: 1,16; IC del 95 %: 0,66; 2,05), potencialmente apuntando hacia una no inferioridad entre estos medicamentos.Conclusiones: Se necesitan investigaciones futuras, como ECA de suficiente poder, para identificar la eficacia en el rango de dosis m & aacute;s bajo, el grupo de tratamiento m & aacute;s adecuado y obtener buena evidencia de los efectos de la clonidina para el tratamiento de los trastornos del sue & ntilde;o relacionados con el TEPT
"Historia magistra vitae": How is the psychiatric rehabilitation technician trained in psychiatry's history?
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Personality traits and physical activity may be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis: preliminary data from a cross-sectional study on patients undergoing colonoscopy
No full textThe preliminary results of a study aiming at assessing potential risk factors for carcinogenesis, including metabolic and inflammatory parameters, life-style, psychosocial and personality traits, according to
a holistic approach are here reported and briefly described. The presence of at least one adenoma was significantly associated to the TCI Self Transcendence (ST) domain (OR=1.36, p=0.04) and to the absence of regular physical activity (OR=0.14, P=0.03), that may suggest pathways to definition of high risk for metabolic syndrome and carcinogenesis
Fusobacterium necrophorum septic arthritis of the hip: a case-report and literature review
No full textIntroduction: Fusobacterium necrophorum is a rare but significant cause of septic arthritis, typically following oropharyngeal infections in adolescents. This anaerobic pathogen, commonly associated with Lemierre's syndrome, can lead to joint infections, posing risks for severe morbidity if diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Awareness and timely intervention are essential for preventing long-term joint damage. Case report: We report the case of a 19-year-old woman who developed high fever and acute right hip pain one week after a sore throat. Imaging revealed septic arthritis, with F. necrophorum identified in both blood and synovial fluid cultures. She received intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam, followed by outpatient parenteral therapy through an elastomeric pump, achieving full recovery. This case adds to the 42 cases documented in our literature review, reinforcing the need for prompt antimicrobial therapy. Conclusion: Fusobacterium-induced septic arthritis, though uncommon, should be considered in young patients presenting with joint infections post-pharyngitis. Early diagnosis and targeted antimicrobial therapy, particularly with β-lactamase inhibitors, are critical for effective management and preventing joint sequelae
The therapeutic relationship in community mental health services: a systematic review of the literature
No full textPurpose: This systematic review aimed to investigate the therapeutic relationship (TR) between mental health professionals (MHPs) and their patients in community mental health services (CMHS). Methods: PubMed (Medline), PsycINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched for studies that assessed TR in CMHS using quantitative measures developed specifically for this setting (i.e., Helping Alliance Scale [HAS] and the Scale to Assess the Therapeutic Relationship [STAR]). Studies were included if they considered adult patients with a psychiatric disorder and/or any MHP working in CMHS. Meta-analysis and narrative synthesis assessed the association between patients' and MHPs' ratings and identified predictors of TR. Results: Of 1934 studies, 15 were included in the review, including 3004 patients. A total of 1127 patients and 963 MHPs were considered in the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity of the studies was high, and there was no significant difference between the patients' and MHPs' TR ratings in the random-effects model (standardized mean difference [SMD]: - 0.39 [95% CI: - 1.03; 0.24]). In the multivariable meta-regression, only duration of illness was significantly associated with TR ratings (unstandardized regression coefficient [B]: 0.388 [95% CI: 0.217; 0.558]). A recovery-oriented service, shared decision-making, and the recognition of patient needs contributed to more positive TR ratings. Conclusion: Patients and MHPs converged in their TR ratings, although patients gave lower ratings. Routine assessment of TR in CMHS can inform reflective practice and service development, as TR can be assessed easily and early in the treatment process. Future research should focus on developing and testing interventions to improve TR in CMHS
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