1,720,957 research outputs found
Cyclist gaze behavior in urban space: An eye-tracking experiment on the bicycle network of Bologna
No full textThe increase of cyclist presence in urban areas and of the number of cyclist accidents on roads lead
researchers to explore the in-traffic visual behavior and hazard perception of cyclists.
In this study the actual cyclist gaze behavior while cycling on bicycle tracks—exclusive or shared with
pedestrians is analyzed. The intent is to allow a better comprehension of those elements representing
interferences, which can influence user’s trip.
Field tests were performed in the urban center of Bologna, Italy. 16 participants were asked to wear
mobile eye tracking glasses and cycle along a defined route. From gaze data recorded by the mobile eye
detector, we analyzed which visual information are detected. By applying fixations detection algorithm
and then a frame-by-frame analysis we calculated the proportion of fixations—number and durationacross
different areas of interest. Proportion of fixations and fixation time are assumed as a proxy of
visual workload. Thus, the relative frequency of fixation has been used to rank those elements that draw
cyclist attention.
Three are the main outcomes: first, an equilibrium of attention location between the central
(trajectory) and lateral parts of the visual scene can be assumed as the optimal cycling visual condition.
This condition results compromised when the presence of pedestrians is high. Second, discontinuities of
the path (like intersections and crosswalks) and the presence of pedestrians are the elements requiring
more attention. Third, the absence of physical and visual separation between cyclists and pedestrians
seems to lead to a lack of attention to these risk elements.
These outcomes about cyclists’ visual behavior allowed to recommend design measures to increase
comfort and safety on shared-with pedestrian-cycling paths. Thus, suggestions are addressed in the
conclusions
Fitting time headway and speed distributions for bicycles on separate bicycle lanes
Full text linkThe increasing sensitivity of policy-makers towards more sustainable and healthy transport is leading to increased interest in cycling, especially in urban areas. However, at the same time, recent studies in Europe, US and other countries have stressed the fact that cyclist fatalities are still alarmingly frequent, and lead researchers to want improved knowledge about bicycle traffic flow theory and modeling. The challenge is to make available robust analysis methods and models for building effective and safe infrastructures, for increased cycling mobility combined with positive effects on transport and social systems.
This work presents the application of a procedure for fitting bicycle time headways and bicycle speed distributions from traffic data collected along bike tracks. The general frame of the procedure, together with functional components and their mutual interactions, are reported here. The effects of flow rate in both directions (analyzed and opposite) on time headway and vehicle speed distributions were examined. The possibility of associating the probability density functions of bicycle time headways and speeds in various cycling traffic conditions is a significant and interesting advance with respect to previous works.
The procedure was applied to cross-sections belonging to the cycling network of the city of Bologna (Italy). The analysis compared a set of headway and speed distribution models, highlighting their goodness-of-fit with reference to empirical distributions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
