1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Targeting the protease cathepsin D with monoclonal human antibodies for triple-negative breast cancer therapy
No full textLes cancers du sein triple-négatif (TNBC) (RE-, RP-, HER2) représentent 15% des cas de cancer du sein. Les patientes atteintes de TNBC sont traitées uniquement par chimiothérapie. A l’heure actuelle, il n’existe aucune thérapie ciblée efficace. Malgré une chimiosensibilité initiale, les rechutes sont fréquentes. Ainsi de nouveaux traitements sont nécessaires pour soigner ces patientes. Dans le cancer du sein, l’aspartyl protéase cathepsine D (cath-D), un marqueur de mauvais pronostic, est surexprimée par les cellules cancéreuses et est hyper-secrétée dans le microenvironnement tumoral. La cath-D stimule la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses, la croissance invasive des fibroblastes, la croissance tumorale, l’angiogenèse tumorale et la formation des métastases. Différentes études ont mis en exergue le rôle oncogénique de la cath-D extracellulaire dans le cancer du sein, suggérant qu’elle serait une cible thérapeutique d’intérêt. Afin de neutraliser sélectivement la forme sécrétée de la cath-D, le laboratoire a généré des anticorps humains IgG1 dirigés contre la cath-D par un crible de phage display (International patent N° PCT/EP2016/061454).Les principaux objectifs de ma thèse ont été i) de valider la cath-D comme une cible extracellulaire d’intérêt pour les patientes atteintes de TNBC, ii) d’évaluer les effets thérapeutiques et iii) de caractériser les mécanismes d’action des anticorps humains anti-cath-D.Nous avons montré que des niveaux élevés d'ARNm de CTSD sont corrélés à une survie sans récidive plus courte. Par analyse protéomique et étude immunohistochimique anti-cath-D réalisée sur Tissue Micro-Array, nous avons observé que la cath-D extracellulaire est détectée dans le microenvironnement tumoral des TNBC contrairement au tissu mammaire normal. Nos résultats mettent ainsi en exergue que la cath-D serait un biomarqueur tumoral extracellulaire, suggérant que les patientes atteintes de TBNC pourraient bénéficier d’une thérapie par des anticorps anti-cath-D. Par des analyses de SPECT-CT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) et de biodistribution, nous avons validé que les anticorps humains anti-cath-D, F1 et E2, s’accumulent dans les xénogreffes de la lignée TNBC MDA-MB-231 chez la souris athymique. Les anticorps F1 et E2 inhibent la croissance tumorale des xénogreffes MDA-MB-231 et améliorent la survie des souris athymiques. Notre meilleur anticorps anti-cath-D, F1, inhibe également la croissance tumorale de deux lignées de TNBC PDX (patient-tumor derived xenografts). Au niveau mécanistique, l’anticorps F1 module le microenvironnement immunitaire dans les tumeurs issues des xénogreffes MDA-MB-231. L’ensemble de nos résultats suggèrent qu’une immunothérapie avec des anticorps humains anti-cath-D pourrait être une nouvelle approche thérapeutique pour les patientes atteintes de TNBC.Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancer cases, and chemotherapy is the only available treatment. Thus identification of new therapeutic targets is required to improve TNBC outcome. In breast cancer, the aspartic protease cathepsin D (cath-D) is a marker of poor prognosis associated with metastatic risk. This protease is overexpressed by breast cancer cells and is abnormally hypersecreted into the tumor microenvironment. Cath-D affects both cancer and stromal cells in the breast tumor microenvironment by increasing the proliferation of breast cancer cells, fibroblast invasive outgrowth, tumor growth and angiogenesis, and metastasis formation. Many studies indicated that extracellular cath-D displays oncogenic activities, suggesting it could represent a novel therapeutic target in TNBC. In order to block its oncogenic actions, the laboratory generated human IgG1 antibodies against extracellular cath-D by phage display (International patent N° PCT/EP2016/061454). The aims of my PhD project was i) to validate the potential value of cath-D as a tumor-specific extracellular target in TNBC, ii) to evaluate the therapeutic activity, and iii) to characterize the mechanisms of action of these anti-cath-D human antibodies.We showed that elevated CTSD mRNA levels correlated with shorter recurrence-free survival. Using proteomics analysis and anti-cath-D immunohistochemistry performed on Tissue Micro-Array, we observed that extracellular cath-D was detected in the tumor microenvironment of TNBC, but not in matched normal breast stroma samples. Our results thus indicate that cath-D is a tumor cell-associated extracellular biomarker and strongly suggest that it could be a good candidate for antibody-based therapy in TNBC. We found that anti-cath-D human antibodies, F1 and E2, accumulated in TNBC MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts in athymic mice by SPECT-CT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and biodistribution analysis. F1 and E2 antibodies inhibited tumor growth of MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts and improved mice survival without apparent toxicity. F1, the best antibody candidate, inhibited tumor growth of two TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Mechanistically, F1 treatment modulates immune tumor microenvironment in the MDA-MB-231 tumor cell xenograft model. Together, our results indicate that antibody-based targeting of cath-D may have therapeutic efficacy for TNBC treatment
Évaluation de l’activité antifongique des extraits des plantes contre deuxchampignons phytopathogène responsable de dépérissement des agrumes.
Get PDFLes résultats de l'étude montrent que l'extraction par ultrasons a généralement produit des rendements d'extraction plus élevés et des extraits de meilleure qualité que la macération avec de l'éthanol à 96%. L'analyse phytochimique des cinq plantes (Myrtus communis, Spartium junceum, Ulmus minor, Schinus molle, et Urginea maritima) a révélé une forte présence de polyphénols et d'autres métabolites secondaires dans les extraits, suggérant leur potentiel comme agents antifongiques. Les tests d'efficacité contre phoma tracheiphila et Colletotrichum sp., ont montré que l'efficacité varie significativement avec la dose appliquée, avec des taux d'inhibition plus élevés observés à des concentrations plus élevées pour plusieurs plantes, notamment Urginea maritima et Myrtus communis. En résumé, les extraits éthanoliques des plantes étudiées montrent un potentiel prometteur comme agents antifongiques naturels, nécessitant toutefois des recherches supplémentaires pour optimiser les méthodes d'extraction et de concentration des composés actifs
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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