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Life table analysis of patient and method survival in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis and Haemodialysis after six years experience
No full textBio-P release in the final clarifiers of a large WWTP with co-precipitation: Key factors and troubleshooting
No full textPhosphorus removal by chemical precipitation is a well-established and widely used technique in municipal waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). Very low effluent concentrations can be achieved in order to comply with standards for discharge in sensitive areas, in force in the EU; nevertheless, failures of this system are occasionally recorded. In this work, a 330,000 people equivalent (p.e.) WWTP was studied, where co-precipitation was not effective to guarantee an effluent concentration stably below 1. mg. P/L, despite the great expenditure for chemicals (around 260,000. €/y) and additional sludge disposal (around 160,000. €/y). Based on results of laboratory tests and mathematical simulations, it was shown that bio-P release occurs in final clarifiers under special conditions, related to Sludge Retention Time (SRT) in the settling tanks, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in nitrification basins and nitrates concentration in the effluent. Therefore, complying with effluent standards should require keeping process conditions as follows: DO. >. 1. mg/L, N-NO3->5mg/L and SRT. <. 3. h. As additional measure, a post-precipitation (required dosage: 4-5. mg. Al/mg. P) could be applied
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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