1,721,121 research outputs found
How May International Trade affect Poverty in a Developing Country Setup? The Inequality Channel
Full text linkRecently there has been an influx of literature which tries to find out relationship between trade and poverty. Right is of the view that more international trade is good for the poor whereas left is quite skeptical of pro poor effects of trade. The paper provides a comprehensive review of recent literature on the topic in order to reach some neutral grounds. The paper finds out that though trade might carry positive affects for the poor in developing countries through growth, such gains are not equally distributed among the rich and the poor. The paper identifies at least 8 different effects of international trade which result in unequal outcomes and thus defies Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson theorem in a developing country set up. Since per decomposition, poverty is affected by growth or inequality, evidence of unequal gains from trade does imply that the relationship between trade and poverty is not as simple as the right seems to suggest. To this effect, the paper calls for more empirical work on trade and inequality especially as single country case studies.Economic Integration; Welfare and Poverty
How Does Democracy fare with Economic Welfare for a Trading Nation?
Full text linkThe paper examines how political institutions in comparison to legal, social and economic institutions fare with different measures of inequality in a cross section framework. The empirical analysis suggests that countries which practice democracy are less prone to unequal outcomes especially when it comes to wage inequality and income inequality whereas autocracy is associated with higher level of wage inequalities but its impact on income inequalities are insignificant. Though under good economic management, even autocracies may redistribute incomes from the richest to the poorest, more generally an autocratic set up violates the median voter hypothesis. The results also show that political stability is more sensitive to inequalities than democracy and autocracy which is to say that the countries which are internally politically stable also form more equal societies.Institutions, Trade Liberalisation, Redistribution, Wage Inequality
Transitioning Democracies are a Risky Business in the South
Full text linkThe paper finds that trade is insignificant in explaining income inequality. The results also suggest institutions are good for inequality mitigation for a larger sample of developed and developing countries. Though, the results do not change for some institutions like rule of law when the sample is restricted to developing countries. However, for other institutions like democracy and autocracy, the author finds that former is positively related with inequality and later is negatively related. The results shed light on the fact that transition to democracies come with higher risks for the developing countries and stable economies even with autocratic setup may have more equal societies when compared to newly adopted democratic set ups
Transitioning Democracies are a Risky Business in the South
Full text linkThe paper finds that trade is insignificant in explaining income inequality. The results also suggest institutions are good for inequality mitigation for a larger sample of developed and developing countries. Though, the results do not change for some institutions like rule of law when the sample is restricted to developing countries. However, for other institutions like democracy and autocracy, the author finds that former is positively related with inequality and later is negatively related. The results shed light on the fact that transition to democracies come with higher risks for the developing countries and stable economies even with autocratic setup may have more equal societies when compared to newly adopted democratic set ups.Institutions, Trade, Inequality
From Credentials to Capabilities: Mapping the Future of Education
No full textThe paper provides a detailed discussion on different aspects of University Education and University Research. The author had various administrative positions at GIK, Superior University and UMT and thereby role of Director Research and Director Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC) in development of research culture at university level is in-detailed covered to provide understanding of performance of private sector universities in Pakistan and their overtime evolution to become higher education institutions of excellence. The paper further provides the discussion on the importance of international education by providing his personal account towards international enrollment at Erasmus university for a PhD program and its academic and policy aspects that contribute towards economic development of nation states
Technology Case Study: Virtual Lifestyles and Sustainable Economic Development
Full text linkThe paper analyses the opportunity cyber space and virtual technologies provide for improvement of lifestyles of rural and urban poor in developing countries. The paper floats the term ‘virtual tourism’ that suggests that developing countries can connect with each other and the developed world through world wide web and provide opportunities of cultural, economic and social exchange between populations through development and facilitation of locally developed virtual applications and technologies that has partly created the social media outlets like face book and Twitter and commerce spaces like Amazon and Ali Baba
Governance over Economics: Making Globalisation Good for the Poor
Full text linkThe paper employs different definitions of inequality/ equality and investigates how globalisation is associated with these welfare measures. The nations’ proximity to post modernism development culture through international cooperation may enable countries to strengthen their social, economic, legal and political institutions. We find that adopting well developed institutional governance practices as matter of greater integration with modern 21st century governance culture creates thriving middle classes in developing countries enabling a downward pressure on inequality of incomes and wages. In contrast, integration of goods and services with world markets puts upward pressure on the wages of skilled in contrast with the unskilled causing industrial wage inequalities in both developed and developing countries. The paper recommends in line with the recent literature on pre mature de industrialisation phenomenon that countries may protect their local industries to provide jobs to locals and thus enable the gains of trade to be more equally distributed among the populations. This can be done by choosing the second best option towards global integration and that is to promote regionalism within geographical clusters
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Agriculture or Industry: Rice or Garments: Ex-post and Ex- Ante Analysis of Pakistan’s falling Competitiveness in Its Main Export Items
Full text linkThe paper undertakes an evolutionary analysis of Pakistan’s national competitiveness with special reference to exports from 1950-2010. The analysis suggests that post 1980s trade liberalization, some visible improvements can be seen in production efficiencies in Pakistan but they were not translated into improved agriculture or industry competitiveness. The major export items like garments and rice have seen a steady decline in value over the years
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