3,057 research outputs found
Testing the paracrine properties of human mesenchymal stem cells using conditioned medium
No full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) produce and secrete a great variety of cytokines and chemokines that play beneficial paracrine actions when MSC are used for tissue repair. The conditioned medium (CM) derived from MSC can be used both in vitro and in vivo to test specific paracrine effects or to screen putative paracrine/autocrine mediators by proteomics.In this chapter, we describe a straightforward method to prepare MSC-derived CM. Furthermore, we summarize some in vitro assays useful for testing the cytoprotective, angiogenic, and regenerative activity of CM. These assays are very helpful when studying the role of MSC in cardiac repair and regeneration
Paracrine mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue repair
No full textTissue regeneration from transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) either through transdifferentiation or cell fusion was originally proposed as the principal mechanism underlying their therapeutic action. However, several studies have now shown that both these mechanisms are very inefficient. The low MSC engraftment rate documented in injured areas also refutes the hypothesis that MSC repair tissue damage by replacing cell loss with newly differentiated cells. Indeed, despite evidence of preferential homing of MSC to the site of myocardial ischemia, exogenously administered MSC show poor survival and do not persist in the infarcted area. Therefore, it has been proposed that the functional benefits observed after MSC transplantation in experimental models of tissue injury might be related to the secretion of soluble factors acting in a paracrine fashion. This hypothesis is supported by pre-clinical studies demonstrating equal or even improved organ function upon infusion of MSC-derived conditioned medium (MSC-CM) compared with MSC transplantation. Identifying key MSC-secreted factors and their functional role seems a reasonable approach for a rational design of nextgeneration MSC-based therapeutics. Here, we summarize the major findings regarding both different MSC-mediated paracrine actions and the identification of paracrine mediators
Protocols for in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages
No full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess high plasticity and the potential to differentiate into several different cell types; this characteristic has implications for cell therapy and reparative biotechnologies. MSC have been originally isolated from the bone marrow (BM-MSC), but they have been found also in other tissues such as adipose tissue, cord blood, synovium, skeletal muscle, and lung. MSC are able to differentiate in vitro and in vivo into several cell types such as bone, osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and skeletal myocytes, just to name a few.During the last two decades, an increasing number of studies have proven the therapeutic potential of MSC for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, spinal cord and brain injuries, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and diseases of the skeleton. Their immuno-privileged profile allows both autologous and allogeneic use. For all these reasons, the scientific appeal of MSC is constantly on the rise.The identity of MSC is currently based on three main criteria: plastic-adherence capacity, defined epitope profile, and capacity to differentiate in vitro into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Here, we describe standard protocols for the differentiation of BM-MSC into the osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages
Overexpression of growth factors to improve cardiac differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from the amniotic membrane
No full textNovel IRES-based lentivirus co-expressing IGF1 and BMP2 enhances both cardiomyogenesis and cytoprotection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
No full textCord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells: a superior building company in the angiogenesis market: P599
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Trust in authorities monitoring the distribution of genetically modified foods: dimensionality, measurement issues, and determinants
No full textBased on a combined internet and mail survey in Germany the independence of indica-tors of trust in public authorities from indicators of attitudes toward genetically modified food is tested. Despite evidence of a link between trust indicators on the one hand and evaluation of benefits and perceived likelihoods of risks, correlation with other factors is found to be moderate on average. But the trust indicators exhibit only a moderate relation with the re-spondents’ preference for either sole public control or a cooperation of public and private bodies in the monitoring of GM food distribution. Instead, age and location in either the New or the Old Lander are found to be significantly related with such preferences
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A critical account of the relationship between institutional trust, risk perception, and technology acceptance with an application to genetically modified foods
No full textThis article critically reflects on the widely held view of a causal chain with trust in public authorities impacting technology acceptance via perceived risk. It first puts forward conceptual reason against this view, as the presence of risk is a precondition for trust playing a role in decision making. Second, results from consumer surveys in Italy and Germany are presented that support the associationist model as counter hypothesis. In that view, trust and risk judgments are driven by and thus simply indicators of higher order attitudes toward a certain technology which determine acceptance instead. The implications of these findings are discussed
PER UNA EDIZIONE CRITICA DELLE RIME DI BARTOLOMEO CAVASSICO
No full textThis PhD thesis consists of:
- An introductory part presenting the figure of the author, a description of the ms. bearing the Rime, an analysis of the form and content of the texts and the social, political and cultural context where they were produced;
- The critical edition of fifty-four poems in italian and fifteen in Bellunese dialect. An introductory cap presents the formal characteristics of the work and provides the context, if necessary; this is followed by the text, reproduced according to generally conservative criteria; at the bottom there is a first band of apparatus, aimed at containing corrections of servile errors; a second band, containing the actual genetic apparatus, bearing any variants or previous redactions of the text; and finally the commentary, aimed at clarifying critical places and pointing out parallels with other authors. For the Bellunese texts, a full translation was also provided.
- A caption index;
- Two lexical indexes, for italian and Bellunese texts, bearing the notable forms;
- Four appendices. Appendix I is a table containing all the poems, classified according to the following criteria: location in the ms., title, genre of the poem, language, possible addressee and brief summary, focusing, in particular, on the (recurring) themes present in the text. Appendix II houses vernacular texts not included in the edition, and Appendix III italian texts that the author has taken from other printings. Appendix IV contains the digital reproduction of six papers from ms. 396 of the Biblioteca Civica of Belluno.Questa tesi di dottorato si compone di:
- Una parte introduttiva che presenta la figura dell'autore, la descrizione del ms. recante le Rime, l'analisi della forma e dei contenuti dei testi e il contesto sociale, politico e culturale in cui sono stati prodotti;
- L'edizione critica commentata di cinquantaquattro poesie in volgare e quindici in dialetto bellunese. Un cappello introduttivo presenta le caratteristiche formali dell'opera e ne fornisce il contesto, qualora necessario; segue il testo, riprodotto secondo criteri generalmente conservativi; in calce si trovano una prima fascia di apparato, volta a contenere le correzioni degli errori servili, una seconda fascia, contenente l'apparato genetico vero e proprio, recante le eventuali varianti o redazioni precedenti del testo, e infine il commento, finalizzato a chiarire i luoghi critici e a segnalare paralleli con altri autori. Per i testi bellunesi si è fornita anche la traduzione integrale in calce.
- Un indice dei capoversi;
- Due indici lessicali, per i testi in volgare e per i testi in bellunese, recanti le forme notevoli;
- Quattro appendici. L'appendice I è una tabella contenente tutti i componimenti, classificati secondo i seguenti criteri: collocazione nel ms., titolo, genere del componimento, lingua, eventuale destinatario e breve riassunto, imperniato, in particolare, sui temi (ricorrenti) presenti nel testo. L'appendice II ospita i testi in volgare non inclusi nell'edizione, mentre l'appendice III i testi in volgare che l'autore ha tratto da altre stampe. L'appendice IV contiene la riproduzione digitale di sei carte del ms. 396 della Biblioteca Civica di Belluno, attraverso la quale si possono osservare la scrittura del notaio e gli interventi sui testi
Amyloidogenic light chains induce human cardiac fibroblast toxicity through alteration of mitochondrial functionality
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