2,831 research outputs found
Passagens de tempo
No full textO livro é uma viagem pelo conceito de tempo, permeada por desafios e questionamentos, na tentativa de refletir sobre este instigante e intangível enigma. Fruto de uma aprofundada pesquisa e de sua própria vivência como médico psiquiatra, professor de psicologia e filósofo, o autor apresenta um ensaio em que dialogam filosofia, psicologia, ciência, literatura e outros campos do saber. Com uma linguagem permeada de prosa e poesia, Maldonato tece considerações sobre o tempo, os indivíduos e o mundo, além de apresentar ao leitor uma densa bibliografia sobre o tema
Decision Making. Towards an Evolutionary Theory of rationality.
No full textSince the dawn of time human beings have had to make decisions. Wise or foolish, thoughtful or instinctive, altruistic or selfish, decision-making – from the most simple to the most complex – enables people to confront and overcome constant environmental challenges. Yet, despite the momentousness of decision-making in adaptability terms, men and women ignore the actual process that takes place in their minds when, for example, they invest in the stock market, buy a car, trust a person they just met, or simply decide to go to the movies. While some decisions are taken in a few seconds (when we act impulsively without time to evaluate the process), other decisions require considerable cognitive effort and accurate cost-benefit analysis. But is it only the optimal decision that deserves to be called rational? If this is the case, how then can we explain the wisdom of our instincts, of our emotions, of our ‘sixth sense’? Moreover, what is the role of subjectivity, free will, desire, culture in the decision-making process?
... Research on decision-making has had a long and controversial history. The idea of a perfect rationality has more recently given way to the idea of a rationality conscious of its incompleteness – to a process that cannot be expressed or conceived in logical or rational terms. In this ground-breaking book, Mauro Maldonato reinterprets the secular controversy about the nature of human decision-making in light of recent discoveries in cognitive neurosciences and new research (neuroeconomics and neuroethics). At the end of this literary excursion along a stunning archipelago of rationality, morality, emotion and consciousness, the reader is provided with the means to view and assess personal decision-making and resultant action in a completely different way – a way that impacts positively on human interaction and psychological wholeness
A NOVA FRONTEIRA DA NEUROECONOMIA
No full text«O estudo sistemático dos fundamentos biológicos dos comportamentos e dos processos ativados nas escolhas econômicas já definiu um novo âmbito de pesquisa transdisciplinar – a neuroeconomia – que se tornou ponto de confluência de estudos de neurociências, economia e psicologia e se candidata como alternativa à visão neoclássica da economia, segundo a qual o Homo oeconomicus age dentro dos vínculos de uma racionalidade perfeita, que pode ser formalizada e tende à maximização da utilidade esperada.
From Neuron to Consciousness: For an Experience-Based Neuroscience
No full textUp until only a few decades ago, not many scholars recognized scientific dignity in the problem of consciousness. In the last few years this scenario has changed. The rapid development of non-invasive research techniques that explore cerebral functions has not only increased our knowledge on the correlations between mental processes and cerebral structures, but it has fed our hopes for the possibility of facing the ancient and elusive question about the mind-brain relationship with a new way of thinking. The meeting between neurosciences and phenomenology represents one of the most promising frontiers of current research. Neurophenomenology , a paradigm of research inaugurated by the Chilean neuroscientist Francisco Varela, tries to indicate a remedy to the various explicatory philosophical and scientific gaps, establishing a methodological and epistemological bridge between the so-called phenomenological reports in “first person” and the scientific evidence in “third person,” incorporating the experience on neurodynamic levels in an explicit and rigorous way and, above all, avoiding every alternative in the direction of any form of ontological reduction
La clessidra vuota. Figure dell’intemporalità nel romanzo pirandelliano.
No full textO artigo reflete sobre a questão da temporalidade em Pirandello. Observando a temporalidade à luz da leitura psicológica e da reflexão fenomenologica, contesta-se a leitura da acronia como cifra temática essencial do autor para mostrar como a condição essencial da personagem prismática pirandelliana e de sua narrativa seja, na verdade, a intemporalidade
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