134 research outputs found
ANALISA TERJADINYA CARGO BACK PRESSURE SAAT KEGIATAN PEMBONGKARAN MUATAN PYROLISIS GASOLIN (PYGAS) DI KAPAL MT. TIRTASARI
No full textABSTRAKSI
Majid Afif Prabowo, NIT : 52155690 N, 2019, “Analisa Terjadinya Cargo Back
Pressure Saat Kegiatan Pembongkaran Muatan Pyrolysis Gasoline Di Kapal
MT.Tirtasari”, skripsi Program Studi Nautika, Program Diploma IV, Politeknik
Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang, Pembimbing I : Capt. Dwi Antoro, M.M, M.mar,
dan Pembimbing II : Febria Surjaman, MT
Kapal Tanker merupakan salah satu jenis dari kapal pelayaran niaga yang
merupakan alat transportasi untuk mengangkut muatan dalam bentuk cairan di
dalam tangki muatannya. Dari beberapa jenis kapal tanker, chemical tanker
adalah salah satu jenis kapal tanker yang akan dibahas dalam skripsi ini.
Chemical tanker adalah suatu kapal tanker yang mengangkut muatan kimia cair
dalam bentuk curah. Mengingat muatan kimia itu berbahaya maka perlu dilakukan
penanganan khusus dalam prosedur penanganan pemuatan ataupun pembongkaran
dikapal tanker.
Penulisan skripsi ini menjabarkan teori tentang penangan muatan saat kegiatan
pembongkaran serta penyebab permasalahan yang terjadi ketika membongkar muatan
pyrolisis gasoline menjadi terhambat karena terjadi cargo back pressure dan upaya
penanganannya agar kegiatan pembongkaran muatan tetap dapat berlangsung lancar.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis di dalam menyampaikan masalah
adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisa data menggunakan fishbond
analysis untuk menunjukan sebuah dampak atau akibat dari sebuah permasalahan,
dengan berbagai penyebabnya. Berdasarkan cara memperolehnya, data yang diperoleh
selama penelitian sebagai pendukung tersusunnya penulisan skripsi ini adalah
menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder.
Chief officer sebagai seorang perwira yang ditunjuk langsung untuk menangani
muatan di kapal dituntut untuk mampu merencanakan penanganan muatan ini dengan
baik dan sistematis. Saat penulis melaksanakan praktek laut, ketika kegiatan
pembongkaran muatan kapal pernah mengalami cargo back pressure sehingga
mengakibatkan tumpahan muatan diatas deck. Cargo back pressure merupakan
tekanan yang timbul akibat hambatan yang di alami cairan selama proses
penyalurannya dan merupakan pantulan dari gelombang tekanan muatan yang telah
dikeluarkan dari pompa muatan menuju sistem penyaluran muatan kembali ke arah
pompa muatan masuk kedalam tangki. Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan masalah
dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya cargo back pressure saat kegiatan
pembongkaran muatan, sebelum proses pembongkaran dimulai harus di adakan
familirisasi serta melakukan prosedur pembongkaran muatan sesuai dengan prosedur
operasional standar. Dengan melaksanakan prosedur yang baik tersebut, maka kegiatan
pembongkaran muatan dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan aman.
ABSTRACT
Majid Afif Prabowo, NIT: 52155690 N, 2019, "Analisa Terjadinya Cargo Back
Pressure Saat Kegiatan Pembongkaran Muatan Pyrolisis Gasoline Di Kapal
MT. Tirtasari". Nautical Study Program, Diploma IV Program, , Merchant
Marine Polytechnic of Semarang, 1st Advisor: Capt. Dwi Antoro, M.M,
M.Mar. and 2nd Advisor: Febria Surjaman, MT.
Tanker ships are one type of commercial shipping vessel which is a means of
transportation to transport cargo in the form of liquid in its cargo tank. From several
types of tankers, chemical tankers are one type of tanker that will be discussed in this
thesis. Chemical tanker is a tanker that transports liquid chemical loads in bulk form.
Given that the chemical content is dangerous, special handling is needed in the
procedure for handling loading or unloading in tankers.
The writing of this thesis describes the theory of load handling when
demolition activities and the causes of problems that occur when unloading pyrolysis
gasoline becomes hampered due to cargo back pressure and handling efforts so that
loading and unloading activities can continue smoothly. The research method used by
the author in conveying the problem is a qualitative descriptive method with data
analysis techniques using fishbond analysis to show an impact or a result of a
problem, with various causes. Based on how to get it, the data obtained during the
research as a supporter of the composition of this thesis is to use primary data and
secondary data.
The chief officer as an officer appointed directly to handle cargo on the ship
is required to be able to plan handling this cargo properly and systematically. When
the author carried out sea practice, when the activity of loading the ship's cargo had
experienced cargo back pressure resulting in a load spill on the deck. Cargo back
pressure is a pressure that arises due to obstacles experienced by liquids during the
distribution process and is a reflection of the load pressure wave that has been
released from the charge pump to the load distribution system back towards the
charge pump into the tank. From the results of the research and discussion of the
problem it can be concluded that the cause of cargo back pressure during loading
and unloading activities, before the demolition process begins must be familiarized
and carry out loading and unloading procedures in accordance with standard
operational procedures. By carrying out these good procedures, loading and
unloading activities can run smoothly and safely
Saâdane Afif Paroles:(Songbook)
No full textParoles brings together all the textual collaborations generated by Saâdane Afif since 2004. In a formal way the artist invited each author, commissioned each contribution and gave the source of each composition, his works being the starting point of all the texts presented here. The book lists the 191 songs in 21 sections, in their original language. The keystone of the exhibition Paroles at WIELS, in which it has the status of a work of art, this printed object is the tool that animates the wheels of the project. Through its volume, segmentation and substance it exists as a book of poetry and reveals hitself in a duality between poetry and song
Technology of scan reminder pro in cooling room / Mohammad Afif Akma Azmi, Siti Nur Shahida Razali and Nur Laila Adila Che Abdul Majid
No full textThe harvested fruit should be stored in a cooling room to prevent the fruit from rotting. The purpose of this study is to examine the easy way workers operate the cooling room without any problems. Scan Reminder Pro is one of the technologies created from the combination of QR code and Calendar Reminder. It will also be automatically connected to an Android TV set up in front of the cooling room to give reminders about the temperature, the amount of fruit according to the maturity index, and the date the fruit will be removed from the cooling room. It makes it easier for workers to record the entry and exit dates of fruit stored in the cooling room. When the employee scans the QR code that has been placed on the side of the fruit collection basket, the data will be saved and will automatically be used as a reminder in the employee's phone. There are a few parties after the fruit is harvested and put into the cooling room without recording the fruit maturity index or mixing ripe and unripe fruit. In addition, some are not aware of the temperature or the date the fruit enters the cooling room. This step ensures that workers will know better the date the fruit is taken out of the cooling room. This technology can make it easier for workers in handling matters and can reduce damage to fruit if time management can be overcome well
IDENTIFIKASI DAN KEPARAHAN PENYAKIT DIPLODIA PADA TANAMAN JERUK SIAM DI KECAMATAN UMBULSARI
No full textJember merupakan daerah sentra penghasil jeruk siam di Jawa Timur yang
lebih dikenal dengan nama jeruk Semboro. Jeruk siam jember terkenal dengan
rasa manis, tekstur buah yang lunak dan segar dengan aroma yang lembut dan
kulit yang mudah dikelupas. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani pada
tanaman yang sudah mulai produktif adalah adanya gangguan penyakit busuk
batang dengan gejala bervariasi, keluar blendok pada batang, tanaman merana,
daun menguning, gugur buah jeruk, sehingga menurunkan produksi dan
produktifitas jeruk setiap panennya, bahkan sampai menyebabkan tanaman mati
secara maraton. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab penyakit,
intensitas dan keparahan serangan penyakit diplodia melalui survey pada
pertanaman jeruk siam di wilayah Kecamatan Umbulsari yang diduga sebagai
lokasi potensi endemik penyakit diplodia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di
Kecamatan Umbulsari pada Desa-desa yang telah ditentukan diantaranya Desa
Umbulsari, Umbulrejo, Tegalwangi, dan Mundurejo, kemudian dilanjut isolasi di
Laboratorium Hama Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jember.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan
mengamati penyebab, intensitas dan keparahan penyakit serta upaya-upaya yang
dilakukan oleh petani. Hasil penelitian diketahui penyebab penyakit diplodia
disebabkan oleh Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. pada tanaman jeruk siam di
Kecamatan Umbulsari dengan serangannya pada bagian batang, cabang primer
dan cabang sekunder. Persentase insidensi penyakit pada pertanaman jeruk siam
di Kecamatan Umbulsari yaitu hampir setengah dari jumlah tanaman terserang
penyakit diplodia. Pengamatan tingkat keparahan penyakit dilakukan sebelum
pengendalian, yaitu Desa Umbulsari 27,5%, Desa Umbulrejo 34,17%, Desa
Tegalwangi 38,33%, dan Desa Mundurejo 39,17%
Identifikasi Penyebab Tekanan Balik Muatan Saat Pembongkaran Pyrolisis Gasoline Di MT. Tirtasari
No full textAbstraksi : Tekanan balik muatan atau cargo back pressure merupakan suatu kejadian dimana muatan cair yang akan dibongkar dengan pompa muatan kembali ke tangki karena tidak ada jalur ruang untuk keluar atau bisa karena perbedaan besarnya tekanan pompa muatan yang digunakan untuk membongkar tidak mampu. Hal ini menyebabkan kegiatan pembongkaran muatan menjadi terhambat sehingga menimbulkan kerugian bagi kapal karena mengakibatkan cargo overflow. Kejadian tersebut terjadi saat kapal akan membongkar muatan cair pyrolisis gasoline pada voyage 04/18 di pelabuhan bongkar Mapthaput, Thailand. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya tekanan balik muatan di atas kapal, dan upaya pencegahannya agar tidak terjadi lagi. Penelitian ini memilih jenis deskriptif dan kualitatif, sedangkan analisisnya menggunakan metode fishbone Analysis. Metode fishbone Analysis peneliti gunakan untuk menganalisa fakto-faktor penyebab terjadinya tekanan balik muatan seperti manusia, peralatan, prosedur, dan lingkungan sehingga nantinya akan didapat solusi yang harus dilakukan untuk mencegah agar kegiatan pembongkaran muatan dapat berjalan lancar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya tekanan balik muatan saat pembongkaran muatan di atas kapal MT. Tirtasari, salah satu contohnya adalah kurangnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan crew ketika melakukan tugas jaga cargo operation
ANALISIS KEBOCORAN PADA STERN TUBE DI MV. ORIENTAL MUTIAR
No full textMuhammad Afif Ardani, 2018, NIT: 50135003.T, “ Analysis in Stern Tube Leak on MV. Oriental Mutiara”, Final Project, Teknika Study Program, Diploma IV Program, Merchant Marine Politechnic of Semarang, Supervisor I: Nasri, MT, Supervisor II: Adi Oktavianto, ST, MM.
Stern tube is a steel tube built into the ship’s structure for the purpose of supporting and enclosing the propulsion shafting where it pierces the hull of the ship. The stern tube system used is lubricating system with lubricating oil media and mounted pads that are made of babbit metal, also given rubber seals. Leakage of the stern tube will occur when the stern tube is abnormal.
The research method that the writer uses in the preparation of this thesis is SWOT method as data analysis technique to analyze the existing problem at stern tube, that is what factors causing leaks on stern tube aboard, impact resulting from leakage at stern tube and effort improves the leakage of the stern tube by systematically identifying various factors against strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats from the environment to formulate strategies will be taken.
Based on the results of research that has been done by the author on the ship can be concluded on the stern tube caused by damage experienced on the stern tube because of poor material quality. Then for the inconvenience for the company as well as for the ship, the strategy to fix the leakage of stern tube using SWOT analysis strategy that is defensive strategy that is in quadrant IV, there are two factors of effort to improve the stern tube according to the strategy formula that the company must take an active role in supporting the activity of docking repair the damaged seal stern tube.
Keyword : Stern tube, stern tube seal, SWOT
Comparing physiologically relevant corrosion performances of Mg AZ31 alloy protected by ALD and sputter coated TiO2
No full textThe utilization of Mg alloys for biomedical applications is so far underexplored due to the accelerated corrosion hampering patient recovery post implantation. Here, we explore the effectiveness of corrosion reduction of an AZ31 alloy in Simulated Body Fluid when coated with a 40 nm sputtered TiO2 layer and compare it to a similar coating made by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Potentiodynamic polarization and hydrogen evolution experiments were performed on coated samples having different surface roughness and 3D topologies. Interestingly, ALD layers reduce corrosion current density by 94% on Ra = 118.6 ± 5.1 nm and 93% on Ra = 4794.3 ± 49.4 nm, whereas sputtered only by 84% on Ra = 118.6 ± 5.1 nm and 60% on Ra = 4794.3 ± 49.4 nm. Particularly on 3D aspects, the ALD coatings are superior, where a scaffold of 85% porosity with 1 mm pore sizes released 68% lower hydrogen compared to the sputtered counterparts. We relate these observations to the higher surface integrity, adhesion strength and lower line-of-sight restrictions of ALD compared to sputter deposition. The results can be interesting for researchers and practitioners aiming to make Mg alloys more commonplace as temporary metallic implant materials. © 2020 The Author
Investigation on the viscosity and transportability of methane hydrate slurries using a high pressure rheometer and flowloop, An
No full text2015 Fall.Includes illustrations (some color).Includes bibliographical references.In this doctoral work, the viscosity and transportability of gas hydrate slurries were investigated using a high pressure rheometer and an industrial-scale high pressure flowloop. A model water-in-oil emulsion was developed specifically for this study and consists of mineral oil (350T and 70T), a surfactant mixture (sorbitane monooleate, Span 80 and Aerosol OT, AOT) and de-ionized water. The water volume fraction (water cut) that will form a stable water-in-oil emulsion depends on the type of mineral oil used. Mineral oil 70T can form a stable emulsion for water cuts in the range of 10 – 70 vol.% water, while mineral oil 350T can form a stable emulsion for water cuts in the range of 10 – 40 vol.% water. Characterization tests were conducted on these model emulsions, and the results show that the emulsions are relatively stable (no phase separation, sedimentation and coalescence) for a period of one week. In addition, the average water droplet size was determined to be in the range of 2 – 5 μm. Finally, high pressure autoclave tests were conducted using the model emulsions, and showed that the emulsions have similar properties (i.e. relation of motor current versus hydrate volume fraction) to that of water-in-crude oil emulsions. In order to understand the effect of hydrate particles on the viscosity of the system, viscosity measurements of the emulsions (prior gas hydrate formation) were conducted at various temperatures, pressures and water cuts. A generalized equation that is a function of temperature, water volume fraction and saturation of the oil phase was developed. This generalized equation is able to predict the viscosity of the emulsion fairly accurately (within ± 13%) at low temperature (≤ 10 °C). In-situ gas hydrate formation and hydrate slurries viscosity measurements were also performed in this work. Measurements were made using a high pressure rheometer connected to a high pressure ISCO pump. A four-blades vane impeller was used to mix the slurries. Experiments were conducted using the two model emulsions that were developed in this work. Viscosity measurements were conducted at a constant temperature of 1 °C, constant pressure of 1500 psig and constant mixing speed of 477 RPM. The water cut was set to be between 5 – 30 vol.% water. In addition, for mineral oil 70T emulsions, experiments were also performed near the emulsion inversion point. The results of this work shows that the relative viscosity of gas hydrate slurries can be modeled as a function of the hydrate volume fraction of the systems. In addition, emulsion breaking after hydrate formation was observed for hydrate slurries tests near the emulsion inversion points. Next, gas hydrate transportability was also investigated in an industrial-scale flowloop. Investigations were made at two different flow conditions (fully dispersed and partially dispersed systems). The different flow conditions were achieved by changing the water cut, as well as the flowloop pump speed (fluid mixture velocity). Results of the tests shows that the relative pressure drop, ΔPrel decreases with increasing pump speed. In addition, there is a higher tendency for hydrate plugging to occur at low fluid mixture velocity. Similar to gas hydrate studies in the high pressure rheometer, emulsion breaking was also observed in the high pressure flowloop for tests near the emulsion inversion point. In addition, initial investigations comparing the results obtained in the high pressure rheometer with results obtained in the industrial-scale rheometer were also conducted. Results of the comparison shows that even though the systems studied were different (different oil and different flow system), there are relatively similar increases in the relative calculations (relative ΔP and relative viscosity) when hydrates have formed in the system. Lastly in this doctoral work, the droplet size distribution in water-in-oil emulsions was determined using Diffusion-Transverse Relaxation (T2) using low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The proposed method provides several advantages over the traditional optical microscopy image analysis, such as giving a better representation of the droplet size in flowlines, since the measurement uses the entire sample to determine the droplet size. In addtion, the method is relatively fast and has a low cost compared to high field NMR tests. In the low field NMR method, knowledge of the composition of the oil is not needed, which is not the case for the corresponding high field NMR method. Results from low field NMR tests were compared with the results obtained from optical microscopy image analysis. Both methods show that the average size of water droplets is relatively similar across all water volume fractions investigated, but a minimum in size was observed by both methods at 50 vol.% water, which is close to the emulsion inversion point. The research conducted in this doctoral thesis has made several contributions towards both advancements in academic research, as well as industial flow assurance research. In the area of academic research, the model emulsion that was developed in this doctoral work (discussed in Chapter 2) has been applied in a wide range of research including wax deposition studies by several other researchers. In addition, the research conducted in this doctoral thesis has been acknowledged by the hydrate flow assurance community as a breakthrough in the hydrate slurry rheological characterization. The work performed here was the first work that decoupled the effect of emulsion/gas saturation/oil swelling on the viscosity of hydrate slurries. In summary, the new findings and model/method developments presented in this thesis collectively are critical to advancing the understanding of gas hydrate slurry properties and transportability. The latter is required in the development of new hydrate management strategies during oil/gas production
Knowledge transfer to builders in post-disaster housing reconstruction in West-Sumatra of Indonesia
No full textTopic extraction method using RED-NMF algorithm for detecting outbreak of some disease on Twitter
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