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Trichomyrmex
No full textDistribution of Arabian Trichomyrmex species. Geographic distributions of the Trichomyrmex species in the Arabian Peninsula are shown in Figs 14–17. Discussion Among the nine species of the genus Trichomyrmex reported from the Arabian Peninsula, T. mayri and T. destructor are the most abundant ones. However, T. mayri is the most successfully distributed species, since it has the ability to establish itself in a broad range of habitats, including desert and agricultural, wild and urban, pristine and disturbed sites (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Collingwood et al. 1997, 2011). These observations agree with Collingwood et al. (2004) and Sharaf et al. (in press) on Socotra, where T. mayri has a broad distributional range on the Archipelago, occurring in different habitats. The species is also recorded from different localities in Egypt, including the Sinai and Nile Delta (Sharaf 2006). The two species are recorded here for the first time from Qatar, which is not surprising, especially under the intensive urbanization that has occurred recently (UNCSD 2004). Trichomyrmex mayri is most similar to T. destructor in all morphological characters except the colour, which is uniform dark brown in the former and yellow to brown yellow with a dark brown gaster in the latter. Although the separation of species based on colour is a feeble character, especially for genera that having distinct colour variation, like Trichomyrmex and Monomorium, it is observed that the colour is consistent for the studied material of both species in the Arabian Peninsula; therefore, we treat both as valid species. However, it is likely that a future probability for synonymizing mayri and destructor exists especially when using molecular techniques. Trichomyrmex abyssinicus is reported here for the first time from Saudi Arabia. The newly described species T. almosayari sp. nov. and T. shakeri sp. nov. appear to be restricted to Riyadh Province (Central region). Relatively few specimens of the three species have been collected despite intensive efforts using a variety of sampling methods. All specimens were collected using pitfall traps.Published as part of Mostafa R. Sharaf, Shehzad Salman, Hathal M. Al Dhafer, Shahid A. Akbar, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem & Abdulrahman S. Aldawood, 2016, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 246 on page 31, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.246, http://zenodo.org/record/19304
Trichomyrmex perplexus Radchenko 1997
No full textTrichomyrmex perplexus (Radchenko, 1997) Fig. 11 A–C Monomorium perplexus Radchenko, 1997: 213, figs 1–11. (w, q, m.) Armenia. Palearctic. [not examined]. Trichomyrmex perplexus – Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015: 16. Material examined GREECE: 3 w, Dodecanese, Rhodes Kolymbia, 36.23˚ N, 28.15˚ E, alt. 157 m, 3 May 2015, L. Borowiec leg. (ROD-220); 4 w, Aegean Is., Lesbos Anaxos Skoutarou, 39.31˚ N, 26.14˚ E, alt. 28 m, 7 Jun. 2015, L. Borowiec leg. (LES-239) (all material in KSMA). Previous records UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: w, Hatta-Khor Kalba, 25.07˚ N, 56.35˚ E, 12 Feb. 2005, C.A. Collingwood leg. Description MEASUREMENTS. Worker: HL 0.69–1.37; HW 0.62–1.38; EL 0.15; SL 0.52–0.87; ML 0.83–1.37 (Radchenko 1997). Large worker: TL 3.50–4.89; HL 1.03–1.31; HW 1.01–1.43; SL 0.70–0.91; EL 0.15–0.16; ML 1.05–1.40; PW 0.55–0.66; PTL 0.22–0.33; PTW 0.15–0.21; PPL 0.18–0.23; PPW 0.20–0.23; CI 107–109; EI 11–14; SI 64 (CASENT0281551, CASENT0914153). Small worker: TL 2.15; HL 0.55; HW 0.54; SL 0.42; EL 0.11; ML 0.68; PW 0.31; PTL 0.13; PTW 0.10; PPL 0.13; PPW 0.13; CI 98; EI 20; SI 78 (CASENT0281552). HEAD. Slightly longer than broad (CI 98–109) with concave posterior margin and convex sides; anterior clypeal margin shallowly concave; scapes short, when laid back from their insertions failing to reach posterior margin of head. MESOSOMA. Convex in profile; promesonotal outline flat; metanotal groove impressed; propodeum angular in profile or with short blunt rounded denticle; propodeal dorsum as long as declivity in profile; propodeal declivity with feeble longitudinal impression. PETIOLE. Peduncle long; petiolar node low, triangular and rounded in profile. POSTPETIOLE. Node low and rounded in profile. PILOSITY. Underside of head with numerous straight short hairs not forming a psammophore; cephalic surface with abundant subdecumbent pubescence; posterior margin of head with numerous long curved hairs; mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole with many projecting hairs, varying in length; gastral pilosity numerous and sparse. SCULPTURE. Head smooth and shining, with sparse fine punctures; mandibles longitudinally rugulose; promesonotum and mesonotum smooth and shining, rest of mesosoma densely punctulate-reticulate. COLOUR. Head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole orange red to reddish brown, gaster dark brown, legs brownish or reddish yellow. Differential diagnosis Separation is given under T. abyssinicus. In addition, T. perplexus seems similar to a species described under Monomorium, M. dentigerum (Roger, 1862), from Syria, but more material of both species is required in order to verify the synonymy. Ecological and biological notes Granivorous species. It prefers open and dry habitats including pastures, shores of artificial lakes, seashore with phrygana, abandoned gardens, but also found in limestone gorges with Platanus trees, open pine forests and open oak woodlands. Nests are built directly in the ground and under stones. Lowland species, the highest locality in Greece was recorded at about 570 m a.s.l. (L. Borowiec pers. comm.). Distribution Trichomyrmex perplexus was described from Armenia and recorded from United Arab Emirates (Collingwood et al. 2011), the Middle East including Jordan, and Syria (Borowiec 2014), Eastern Europe and from the Mediterranean Basin including Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus (Borowiec 2014). It is common in the Aegean Islands, Crete, Macedonia, Dodecanese Islands, Ionian Islands, and Thessaly (Borowiec & Salata 2012, 2013; L. Borowiec pers. comm.).Published as part of Mostafa R. Sharaf, Shehzad Salman, Hathal M. Al Dhafer, Shahid A. Akbar, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem & Abdulrahman S. Aldawood, 2016, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 246 on pages 24-26, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.246, http://zenodo.org/record/19304
Trichomyrmex robustior Forel 1892
No full textTrichomyrmex robustior (Forel, 1892) Fig. 12 A–C Monomorium (Parholcomyrmex) gracillimum robustior Forel, 1892: Afrotropic. Lectotype, worker (CASENT0101849) (MHNG) [examined]. 352 (workers). Somalia. Monomorium (Parholcomyrmex) robustior – Emery 1893: 256. — Forel 1894b: 228. Trichomyrmex robustior – Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz 2015: 16. — Heterick 2006: 99 (lectotype designation). Material examined Previous records OMAN: AI-Khuwayr, 23.59˚ N, 58.41˚ E, Sep. 1989, M.D. Gallagher leg. SAUDI ARABIA: Wadi Al-Ammariyah, 24.81˚ N, 46.44˚ E, alt. 696 m, Dec. 1977, W. Buttiker leg. YEMEN: Wadi Surdud, 15.26˚ N, 43.71˚ E, 29 Dec. 1991, A.V. Harten leg. Description of large worker MEASUREMENTS. TL 2.5–3.4; HL 0.68–0.84; HW 0.62–0.78; SL 0.52–0.66; PW 0.36–0.46; ML 0.70–0.92; CI 90–97; SI 82–88 (Bolton 1987). HEAD. With feebly convex sides and slightly concave or emarginated posterior margin in full-face view; in some individuals head broader anteriorly than posteriorly; anterior clypeal margin nearly straight or shallowly concave; basal mandibular tooth reduced to minute denticle; eyes of moderate size (EL 0.18–0.20 × HW), situated just in front of midline of head and with 6–8 ommatidia in longest row; scapes when laid back from their insertions just reach posterior margin of head. MESOSOMA. Promesonotum domed in profile; metanotal groove impressed; propodeal dorsum on a lower level than that of promesonotum in profile. PETIOLE. Peduncle elongate, petiolar node strongly rounded in profile. POSTPETIOLE. Node at a much lower level than that of petiole in profile. PILOSITY. Underside of head with few short straight hairs, not forming a psammophore; cephalic surface with long fine decumbent to appressed pubescence directed toward midline of head; mesosomal dorsum with long erect to suberect hairs and abundant appressed pubescence; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite and sternite with numerous long curved backward directed hairs and with sparse appressed pubescence. SCULPTURE. Mandibles longitudinally rugulose, cephalic dorsum and sides of promesonotum smooth and shining; metapleuron and propodeal sides regularly punctulate-reticulate; propodeal dorsum finely transversely rugulose; petiole, postpetiole and gastral tergites entirely smooth and shining. COLOUR. Dark brown or blackish brown; gaster usually darker than head and mesosoma. Differential diagnosis The most similar species to T. robustior is T. mayri from which it can be separated by the smooth posterior margin of the head, the strongly convex promesonotal outline, the coarse and broadly spaced propodeal sculpture, and the longer and strongly curved body pilosity. Distribution This species was described from Somalia and recorded from Kenya and Madagascar (Bolton 1987). Trichomyrmex robustior has been recorded from Saudi Arabia, Oman and Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996).Published as part of Mostafa R. Sharaf, Shehzad Salman, Hathal M. Al Dhafer, Shahid A. Akbar, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem & Abdulrahman S. Aldawood, 2016, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 246 on pages 26-28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.246, http://zenodo.org/record/19304
Trichomyrmex shakeri Sharaf & Al Dhafer, sp. nov.
No full textTrichomyrmex shakeri Sharaf & Al Dhafer sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CBBBD8CB-46EF-4D9E-9BBC-4252822A9206 Fig. 13 A–C Etymology The new species has been named in honor of the late Egyptian writer Mahmoud M. Shaker (1909–1997). Material examined Holotype SAUDI ARABIA: worker, Riyadh, Wadi Hanifa, 24.90˚ N, 46.18˚ E, alt. 814 m, 12 Oct. 2015, Aldhafer et al. leg. (KSMA). Paratypes SAUDI ARABIA: 1 w, same data as the holotype (KSMA); 4 w, Riyadh, Wadi Hanifa, 24.90˚ N, 46.18˚ E, alt. 806 m, 29 Apr. 2015, Aldhafer et al. leg. (1 in CASC: CASENT0922068; 3 in KSMA). Type material is collected by pitfall traps. Description MEASUREMENTS. Holotype, worker. TL 2.07; HL 0.62; HW 0.56; SL 0.48; EL 0.19; ML 0.56; PW 0.31; PTL 0.14; PTW 0.09; PPL 0.08; PPW 0.15; CI 90; EI 34; SI 86. WORKER. TL 1.94–2.33; HL 0.58–0.67; HW 0.52–0.64; SL 0.36–0.48; EL 0.18–0.21; ML 0.53–0.66; PW 0.29–0.34; PTL 0.14–0.18; PTW 0.09–0.13; PPL 0.08–0.15; PPW 0.14–0.18; CI 85–96; EI 31–37; SI 68–86 (n = 5). HEAD. Slightly longer than broad and broader anteriorly than posteriorly, with emarginated posterior margin and feebly convex sides; anterior clypeal margin nearly straight or feebly convex; eyes large (EL 0.31–0.36 × HW), with 11 ommatidia in longest row; scapes when laid back from their insertions surpassing posterior margin of head by about one third of eye length. MESOSOMA. Promesonotum distinctly convex in profile; metanotal groove impressed. PILOSITY. Underside of head with few short straight hairs, not forming a psammophore; cephalic surface and mandibles with sparse short hairs, anterior clypeal margin with a median long hair and two pairs of long hairs on each side; antennae with dense appressed pubescence; mesosoma without hairs except for few sparse appressed pubescence on promesonotum. PETIOLE. With one pair of long, backward directed hairs. POSTPETIOLE. With two pairs; first gastral tergite bare except for few sparse appressed pubescence, the remaining gastral tergites with some long hairs. SCULPTURE. Cephalic surface smooth and shining except posterior margin of head, area in front of eyes and mandibles longitudinally rugulose; promesonotal dorsum faintly irregularly sculptured; mesopleura, propodeum, petiole and postpetiole densely punctulate-reticulate; gaster smooth and shining. COLOUR. Uniform yellow, eyes black, mandibular teeth dark brown. Differential diagnosis Among the Arabian Trichomyrmex species, T. shakeri sp. nov. is a conspicuous species, quickly identified by the uniform yellow colour and the exceptionally larger eyes (EL 0.31–0.36 × HW) compared to other sympatric species. Trichomyrmex shakeri sp. nov. is superficially similar to T. santschii (Forel, 1907) from North Africa (Tunisia) in colour and measurements, but it can be readily separated by the absence of the psammophore, which is well-developed in T. santschii. Ecological and biological notes This species is considered uncommon. Only six workers were collected in 150 pitfall traps run for one year at the type locality, a relatively pristine section of Wadi Hanifa (Fig. 13 D). Other sampling methods (soil sifting, light traps, beating sheets) were not successful in adding more material.Published as part of Mostafa R. Sharaf, Shehzad Salman, Hathal M. Al Dhafer, Shahid A. Akbar, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem & Abdulrahman S. Aldawood, 2016, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 246 on pages 28-31, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.246, http://zenodo.org/record/19304
Trichomyrmex chobauti Emery 1897
No full textTrichomyrmex chobauti (Emery, 1897) Fig. 7 A–C Holcomyrmex chobauti Emery, 1897: 418, Fig. (worker). Algeria: Palearctic. Syntype worker (MSNG) (CASENT0904606) [examined]. Trichomyrmex faf Emery, 1922: 176. Holcomyrmex chobauti – Délye 1961: 69 (q., m.). Monomorium chobauti – Emery 1908: 672. Monomorium (Equestrimessor) chobauti – Santschi 1919: 92. Trichomyrmex chobauti – Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz 2015: 16. Trichomyrmex faf – Bolton 1987: 297. Material examined UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: 2 w, Nr. Mahafiz, 25.15˚ N, 55.8˚ E, 24 Mar. – 2 Apr. 2011, M. Hauser et al. leg. (United Arab Emirates 13055) (KSMA). Previous records UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: 1 w, Baynounah, 23.64˚ N, 53.62˚ E, Mar. 1995; 1 w, Medinat Zayed, 23.65˚ N, 53.65˚ E, Mar. 1995, Collingwood et al. leg. (WMLC). Description MEASUREMENTS. TL 3.27; HL 0.88; HW 0.88; SL 0.72; EL 0.16; ML 1.22; PW 0.45; PTL 0.28; PTW 0.30; PPL 0.25; CI 100; El 18; SI 82. HEAD. As long as broad, with feebly concave posterior margin and weakly convex sides; anterior clypeal margin distinctly concave; eyes of moderate size (EL 0.18 × HW) with 11 ommatidia in longest row; scapes when laid back from their insertions reach posterior margin of head. MESOSOMA. Promesonotum convex in profile, running back to straight mesonotum; metanotal groove impressed; propodeal dorsum nearly twice as long as declivity in profile; propodeal spiracle circular, situated above midline of propodeum in profile. PETIOLE. Petiolar node rounded in profile. POSTPETIOLE. Node low and broad in profile. PILOSITY. Underside of head with long ammochaete J-shaped hairs forming a distinct psammophore; cephalic dorsum with sparse suberect hairs directed inward to midline of head; antennae with dense appressed pubescence; anterior clypeal margin with abundant long curved hairs; pilosity on mesosoma restricted to two or three pairs of hairs on pronotum and promesonotum; sparse decumbent pubescence on mesonotal and propodeal dorsum; petiole and postpetiole bare; gastral tergites with sparse appressed pubescence, few longer pairs of hairs present at gastral apex. SCULPTURE. Clypeus, mandibles, and cephalic surface between frontal carinae and in front of eyes longitudinally rugulose; promesonotum and mesonotum faintly longitudinally rugulose; propodeum and sides of mesonotum, petiole and postpetiole densely punctulate-reticulate, gaster smooth and shining. COLOUR. Head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole reddish brown, gaster dark brown. Differential diagnosis Trichomyrmex chobauti is closest to almosayari sp. nov. and lameerei. All three species share the abundant long ammochaete J-shaped hairs that form a distinct psammophore on the underside of the head. Trichomyrmex chobauti can be readily separated from T. almosayari sp. nov. by the bicoloured body, the oval eyes, and the straight or feebly concave posterior margin of the head. From T. lameerei it can be distinguished by the smaller size, the longer antennal scapes that reach the posterior margin of the head, and the unsculptured posterior half of the head. Distribution Trichomyrmex chobauti was originally described from Algeria and recorded from the Middle East and from two countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Collingwood et al. 2011).Published as part of Mostafa R. Sharaf, Shehzad Salman, Hathal M. Al Dhafer, Shahid A. Akbar, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem & Abdulrahman S. Aldawood, 2016, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 246 on pages 14-16, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.246, http://zenodo.org/record/19304
Trichomyrmex abyssinicus Forel 1894
No full textTrichomyrmex abyssinicus (Forel, 1894) Fig. 5 A–C Holcomyrmex abyssinicus Forel, 1894a: 83 (workers). Ethiopia: Afrotropic. Syntype workers [examined]. (Lectotype here designated: Erythrea, Ghinda, III.06 (Dr. Escherich) (MHNG) (CASENT0249906)). Monomorium abyssinicus – Forel 1910: 250. — Viehmeyer 1923: 91 (q). Trichomyrmex abyssinicus – Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz 2015: 16. — Bolton 1987: 321 (redescription). Material examined SAUDI ARABIA: 11 w, Al Bahah Province, Shada Al A’la, 19.86˚ N, 41.30˚ E, alt. 1225 m, 15 Nov. 2015, Aldhafer et al. leg.; 3 workers, same data, 29 Jul. 2015, Aldhafer et al. leg. (all in KSMA). Description Workers of this species exhibit marked size variation in any nest series. Large workers With a broad size variation ( TL 2.60–6.70; HW 0.60–1.94). MEASUREMENTS. TL 3.55–5.35; HL 1.06–1.53; HW 1.05–1.56; SL 0.78–0.92; EL 0.14–0.20; ML 1.05– 1.56; PW 0.52–0.70; PTL 0.28–0.40; PTW 0.17–0.24; PPL 0.23–0.30; PPW 0.21–0.31; CI 98–105; EI 12–14; SI 59–74 (n = 6). Worker TL 2.60–6.70; HL 0.68–2.04; HW 0.60–1.94; SL 0.50–1.06; PW 0.38– 0.90; ML 0.72–1.74; CI 86–100; SI 55–110 (Bolton 1987). HEAD. In full-face view with emarginated posterior margin and nearly parallel sides; posterior corners strongly rounded; mandibles blunted; scapes when laid back from their insertions fail to reach posterior margin of head. MESOSOMA. Metanotal groove broad and distinctly impressed in profile; promesonotum strongly convex in profile; propodeal spiracle a vertical ellipse or slit; propodeal dorsum about twice as long as propodeal declivity in profile. PETIOLE. Petiolar peduncle with a distinct anteroventral process that consists of a triangular lamella followed by a broad flange; petiolar spiracle situated at midline of petiolar peduncle. PILOSITY. Underside of head with short straight hairs not forming a distinct psammophore; cephalic pilosity sparse; mesosoma with abundant standing hairs, the longest on pronotum and mesonotum, propodeal pilosity shorter; petiole, postpetiole and gaster with abundant, sparse suberect hairs. SCULPTURE. Cephalic surface smooth and shining except area in front of eyes, which is finely rugulose in profile; mandibles strongly longitudinally rugulose; promesonotal dorsum strongly longitudinally rugulose or with disorganized rugulae, to smooth; propodeal dorsum distinctly transversely rugulose; mesosomal sides strongly rugulose; petiole and postpetiole irregularly rugulose, gaster smooth and shining. COLOUR. Head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole reddish brown or dark brown, gaster darker than head and mesosoma, blackish brown or black; head with a dark median longitudinal line in full-face view. Small workers MEASUREMENTS. TL 2.43–3.37; HL 0.65–0.89; HW 0.60–0.88; SL 0.57–0.70; EL 0.14–0.16; ML 0.70– 0.99; PW 0.33–0.45; PTL 0.21–0.28; PTW 0.11–0.14; PPL 0.14–0.21; PPW 0.16–0.18; CI 90–98; EI 18–24; SI 80–95 (n = 8). With a broad size variation. HEAD. In full-face view with emarginated posterior margin and sides diverging anteriorly; anterior clypeal margin distinctly concave medially between two well developed teeth that are situated anteriorly in front of the antennal insertions; mandibles armed with three teeth; eyes small, situated in front of midline of head sides (EL 0.14-0.24 × HW), with eight ommatidia in longest row; antennal scapes distinctly short, when laid back from their insertions they fail to reach posterior margin of head. MESOSOMA. Promesonotum nearly flat in profile; propodeal spiracle a vertical ellipse or slit; propodeal dorsum about twice as long as propodeal declivity in profile. PETIOLE. Petiolar peduncle with a distinct anteroventral process that consists of a triangular lamella followed by a broad flange; petiolar spiracle situated at midline of petiolar peduncle. PILOSITY. Subcephalic pilosity short and sparse; cephalic pilosity sparse, short, decumbent to appressed pubescence, and directed inward to midline of head. SCULPTURE. Cephalic surface smooth and shining except for area in front of eyes, which is finely rugulose in profile; mandibles strongly longitudinally rugulose; propodeal dorsum weakly, irregularly, transversely rugulose; mesosomal sides faintly rugulose; gaster smooth and shining. COLOUR. Lighter than large workers, pale brown or yellowish brown, gaster dark brown. Differential diagnosis Trichomyrmex abyssinicus can be distinguished from other Arabian species except T. perplexus by the vertical ellipse or slit propodeal spiracle. This species is similar to T. perplexus but can be separated from it by the convex promesonotum outline, the distinctly longer propodeal dorsum, and the irregularly rugulose propodeum, petiole and postpetiole. Ecological and biological notes Shada Al A’la Mountain peak is an extension of the Hijaz Mountains to the west and is a natural protectorate in Al Bahah Province. The region has a substantial plant biodiversity and the most abundant plants are Olea europaea ssp. africana (Mill.) P. Green. (Oleaceae), Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae), Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endlicher (Cupressaceae), and Acacia spp. (Fabaceae). Distribution This species was originally described from Ethiopia and has a broad distribution in the Afrotropical region, especially the Sahelian Zone. It has been recorded from Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania (Bolton 1987), Egypt (Gebel Elba) (Sharaf 2006), and United Arab Emirates (Collingwood et al. 2011). The distribution of T. abyssinicus appears to be restricted to the southwestern mountains of Saudi Arabia, since several years of collecting efforts by the senior author did not retrieve material from any region in the country except the present record, the first record from Saudi Arabia.Published as part of Mostafa R. Sharaf, Shehzad Salman, Hathal M. Al Dhafer, Shahid A. Akbar, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem & Abdulrahman S. Aldawood, 2016, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 246 on pages 9-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.246, http://zenodo.org/record/19304
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Trichomyrmex lameerei Forel 1902
No full text<i>Trichomyrmex lameerei</i> (Forel, 1902) <p>Fig. 9 A–C</p> <p> <i>Holcomyrmex lameerei</i> Forel, 1902a: 150 (workers). Algeria. Palearctic, syntype worker [examined], (Lectotype here designated; Hamada between Houderat, Sahara Algeria, A. Forel (CASENT0249871) (MHNG); paralectotype worker with same data as the lectotype (CASENT0249870) [examined].</p> <p> <i>Holcomyrmex lameerei</i> – Santschi 1907: 327 (q.m.).</p> <p> <i>Monomorium lameerei</i> – Emery 1908: 673.</p> <p> <i>Monomorium</i> (<i>Equestrimessor</i>) <i>lameerei</i> – Santschi 1919: 92. <i>Monomorium</i> (<i>Xeromyrmex</i>) <i>lameerei</i> – Emery 1922: 177.</p> <p> <i>Trichomyrmex lameerei</i> – Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015: 16. <i>–</i> Bolton 1987: 297.</p> Material examined Previous records <p>UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: w, Dibba, 25.62˚ N, 56.27˚ E, alt. 19 m, Mar. 1995, Collingwood leg.; w, Lahbab-al-Madam, 24.97˚ N, 55.77˚ E, alt. 173 m, 12 Mar. 2005, A.V. Harten leg.; w, Sharjah, 25.32˚ N, 55.51˚ E, alt. 24 m, 11–17 Oct. 2004, A.V. Harten leg. (all material in KSMA).</p> Description of worker MEASUREMENTS. TL 4.06–4.50; HL 0.95–1.09; HW 1.00–1.15; SL 0.53–0.75; EL 0.16–0.18; ML 1.25–1.40; PW 0.60–0.61; PTL 0.30–0.31; PTW 0.21–0.25; PPL 0.17–0.23; PPW 0.27–0.30; CI 105–106; EI 16; <p>SI 53–65 (CASENT0249870, CASENT0249871).</p> <p>HEAD. Broader than long, with emarginated posterior margin, rounded corners and feebly convex sides; anterior clypeal margin feebly concave; eyes of moderate size (EL 0.15–0.16 × HW) with 12 ommatidia in longest row; scapes when laid back from their insertions fail to reach posterior margin of head.</p> <p>MESOSOMA. Metanotal groove impressed; propodeal dorsum 1.5 × longer than propodeal declivity in profile.</p> <p>PETIOLE. Peduncle long; two small lateral projections at junction between node and peduncle seen in dorsal view; petiolar node high and rounded in profile.</p> <p>PILOSITY. Underside of head with abundant long J-shaped hairs forming a distinct psammophore; cephalic surface with sparse short hairs directed inward to midline of head; anterior clypeal margin with abundant long hairs; scapes with sparse appressed pubescence; funiculus with dense appressed pubescence; mesosoma with abundant short hairs, few longer pairs on pronotum and mesonotum; petiole with abundant short hairs; postpetiole with about seven pairs of long hairs directed backward; gaster with few sparse long hairs and abundant appressed pubescence.</p> <p>SCULPTURE. Cephalic surface finely and densely longitudinally costulate; mandibles longitudinally rugulose; mesosomal dorsum finely transversely costulate; petiolar node nearly smooth and slightly shining; postpetiolar dorsum irregularly longitudinally rugulose; gaster smooth and shining.</p> <p>COLOUR. Head, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and appendages reddish brown, gaster dark brown or blackish brown.</p> Differential diagnosis <p> Separation is given under <i>T. chobauti</i>.</p> Ecological and biological notes <p>One paralectotype specimen is mounted with a seed between mandibles which indicates a granivorous feeding habitat of this species.</p> Distribution <p> This species was described from Algeria and recently recorded from United Arab Emirates (Collingwood <i>et al.</i> 2011).</p>Published as part of <i>Mostafa R. Sharaf, Shehzad Salman, Hathal M. Al Dhafer, Shahid A. Akbar, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem & Abdulrahman S. Aldawood, 2016, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 246</i> on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.246, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/193045">http://zenodo.org/record/193045</a>
Trichomyrmex almosayari Sharaf & Aldawood, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Trichomyrmex almosayari</i> Sharaf & Aldawood sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1AA36BD-D206-46FB-A21D-FF26D7EB4609</p> <p>Fig. 6 A–C</p> Etymology <p> The patronym <i>almosayari</i> has been selected to honor the late Egyptian Islamic writer Dr. Mohammed Sayed Almosayar (1948-2008).</p> Material examined Holotype <p>SAUDI ARABIA: w, Riyadh Province, Rawdhat Khorim, 25.38˚ N, 47.27˚ E, alt. 574 m, 9 Jan. 2015, S. Salman leg. (KSMA).</p> Paratypes <p> SAUDI ARABIA: 4 w, same data as holotype (KSMA); 1 w, same data as holotype (CASC); 3 w, same data as holotype (KSMA, 1 without gaster); 5 workers, Riyadh Province, Rawdhat Khorim, 25.38˚ N, 47.27˚ E, alt. 618 m, 2 Jun. 2013, S. Salman leg. (KSMA); 1 w, Riyadh Province, Al Zulfi, Rawdhat Al Sabalah, 26.36˚ N, 44.98˚ E, alt. 670 m, 25 Oct. 2015, Aldhafer <i>et al.</i> leg. (WMLC).</p> Description <p>MEASUREMENTS. Holotype. TL 2.60; HL 0.75; HW 0.67; SL 0.55; EL 0.20; ML 0.77; PW 0.40; PTL 0.22; PTW 0.12; PPL 0.15; PPW 0.17; CI 89; SI 82. Paratypes. TL 2.62–2.92; HL 0.70–0.75; HW 0.67–0.72; SL 0.52–0.60; EL 0.17–0.20; ML 0.75–0.80; PW 0.37–0.42; PTL 0.15–0.22; PTW 0.12; PPL 0.12–0.15; PPW 0.15–0.17; CI 93–96; EI 25–28; SI 74–90 (n = 5).</p> <p>HEAD. Head short, only slightly longer than broad (CI 93–96), with feebly convex sides and emarginated posterior margin; anterior clypeal margin lacking teeth of any description; masticatory margin of mandibles armed with three teeth; eyes relatively large, with 12 ommatidia in the longest row (EL 0.25–0.27 × HW), reniform with ventral margin weakly but distinctly concave, dorsal margin distinctly broadly convex; scapes short, when laid back from their insertions failing to reach posterior margin of head (SI 74–90).</p> <p>MESOSOMA. Promesonotum strongly convex, descending evenly to a much lower, shallowly but distinctly impressed metanotal groove; propodeal spiracles circular.</p> <p>PILOSITY. Underside of head with crowded, long J-shaped ammochaete hairs forming a psammophore; two pairs of hairs on pronotum and mesonotum, propodeum bare, petiole and postpetiole each with one pair of long hairs, gaster with decumbent pubescence; cephalic pilosity shorter than body pilosity.</p> <p>SCULPTURE. Mandibles longitudinally striolate; cephalic dorsum smooth and shining, except for scattered hair pits; area in front of eyes and behind posterior clypeal margin finely striolate; pronotal dorsum faintly shagreenate; mesosomal dorsum, sides, petiole and postpetiole finely and densely punctulate or shagreenate, general appearance dull; gaster smooth and polished.</p> <p>COLOR. Dark brown to blackish brown; mandibles, antennae, and legs brownish.</p> Differential diagnosis <p> <i>Trichomyrmex almosayari</i> sp. nov. can be immediately separated from all known African and Arabian species of the genus by the reniform eyes, the ventral eye margin feebly concave and the dorsal eye margin distinctly broadly convex.</p> Ecological and biological notes <p> The new species was foraging on dry sandy soil (Fig. 6 D) surrounding shrubs of <i>Rhazya stricta</i> Decnet (Apocynaceae) and coexisting with several other ant species, including <i>Camponotus sericeus</i> (Fabricius, 1798), <i>Cataglyphis semitonsa</i> (Santschi, 1929), <i>Messor ebeninus</i> (Santschi, 1927), <i>M. minor</i> (André, 1883), <i>Monomorium venustum</i> (Smith, 1858), <i>M. abeillei</i> (Emery, 1881), and <i>T. mayri</i>. Several additional attempts to collect more material at the type locality were not successful, indicating that the new species may be an uncommon taxon. The type locality, Rawdhat Khorim, is one of the most important natural protectorates in Saudi Arabia due to its diverse flora (Al-Farraj <i>et al.</i> 1997, Alfarhan 2001). The region occupies an area of 24 km2, located about 95 km northeast of Riyadh (25.38˚ N, 47.28˚ E, alt. 560 m) (Vesey-Fizberald 1957). The diversity of the flora in Rawdhat Khorim is relatively high, with about 153 plant species in 32 families recognized (Alfarhan 2001).</p>Published as part of <i>Mostafa R. Sharaf, Shehzad Salman, Hathal M. Al Dhafer, Shahid A. Akbar, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem & Abdulrahman S. Aldawood, 2016, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 246</i> on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.246, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/193045">http://zenodo.org/record/193045</a>
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