1,721,023 research outputs found
TOLERANCE OF SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM TO GLYCEOLLIN-I A SOYBEAN PHYTOALEXIN
No full textGlyceollin I was fungistatic rather than fungicidal toward Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Within the mycelial mat apical cells were more vulnerable than mature cells. S. sclerotiorum removed large amounts of glyceollin from solution by a non-energy-requiring process
Field evaluation of old Italian apple cultivars for scab susceptibility
No full textScab resistance is one of the main targets in apple breeding. Plants with low susceptibility to this disease are checked to introduce in biological or integrated fruit growing systems or as a source of durable resistance in breeding programs. The local or ancient apple germplasm offers good examples of tolerance and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. For this reason, fifty old Italian apple cultivars from Central Italy were observed for three years in a collection at the experimental farm of Tuscia University . Cultivars Golden Delicious, Ozark Gold and the scab resistant Florina were considered as control. The plants, grafted on M26 rootstock, were not sprinkled with fungicides during the experiment. The symptoms on samples of 100 leaves per plant and on all the fruits were periodically checked during the growing season and classified on the basis of their intensity and diffusion; the incidence of the disease was then calculated. The difference among cultivars was relevant. While the test cultivars, with the exception of Florina, showed susceptibility to scab, with high incidence both at fruit and leaf level, some of the old cultivars (Agostina, Fragola, Musella, Rosa Romana, Agre, Paradisa) did not show any symptom on the leaves or only slight attack were detected during the three years. Only two cultivars, Fragola and Musella, fruits were not affected by the disease. Many cultivars showed few symptoms and low incidence of disease (Rosa Romana, Rosa, Rosetta, S. Agostino)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis?
Full text linkThe anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and primarily the less toxic hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently used to treat autoimmune diseases for their immunomodulatory and anti-thrombotic properties. They have also been proposed for the treatment of several viral infections, due to their anti-viral effects in cell cultures and animal models, and, currently, for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) infection that is spreading all over the world. Although in some recent studies a clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of CQ and HCQ in COVID-19 has yet to be proven with randomized controlled studies, many of which are currently ongoing, also considering pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing regimen, therapeutic level and duration of treatment and taking into account patients with different severity degrees of disease. Here we review what is currently known on the mechanisms of action of CQ and HCQ as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic drugs and discuss the up-to-date experimental evidence on the potential mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ in Sars-Cov2 infection and the current clinical knowledge on their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Given the role of iron in several human viral infections, we also propose a different insight into a number of CQ and HCQ pharmacological effects, suggesting a potential involvement of iron homeostasis in Sars-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19 clinical course
Dolutegravir-rilpivirine: first 2-drug regimen for HIV-positive adults
No full textIntroduction: New strategies for HIV treatment are being investigated to reduce drug-exposure, toxicities, and costs. Dolutegravir (DTG) 50 mg/rilpivirine (RPV) 25 mg was approved in November 2017 by FDA and in May 2018 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). It is indicated as a complete regimen for HIV-1 infected adults with undetectable plasmatic HIV-RNA for at least 6 months 10 on their current HIV treatment combination. Its approval was based on the data of two randomized, multicenter, non-inferiority trials (SWORD-1 and SWORD-2). Areas covered: We reviewed data from literature about DTG and RPV. We mainly focused on the efficacy and on the safety of this new dual therapy. Its impact on renal function, its bone and cardiovascular profile, its reservoir penetration and its role on nflammation were also evaluated. Expert commentary: Dual therapies may be an attractive alternative to standard triple regimens in terms of tolerability and simplicity. Long-term efficacy of DTG and RPV dual regimen need to be confirmed, where only the extensive use of this new treatment and a longer follow-up will give us the answer
Polygalacturonase isoenzymes and oxalic acid produced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean hypocotyls as elicitors of glyceollin
No full textThe polygalacturonases (PG) and oxalic acid produced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in infected soybean hypocotyls were investigated as elicitors of the phytoalexin glyceollin I. Purification to homogeneity through isoelectrofocusing and ion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography revealed three endo-PG isoenzymes (PG-I, PG-II and PG-IV) and one exo-PG (PG-III) in 6-day-old etiolated soybean hypocotyls infected with the B-24 isolate of S. sclerotiorum. PG-I and PG-III, in the range of concentrations tested (0·15-1·2 reducing units ml-1), did not act as elicitors of glyceollin I synthesis. Some elicitor activity was shown by PG-II at 0·6-1·2 reducing units ml-1. PG-IV, at lower doses (0·038-0·30 reducing units ml-1), was even more effective in inducing phytoalexin synthesis. However higher concentrations of PG-IV induced tissue softening and decreased phytoalexin accumulation. PG-II and PG-IV released heat-stable elicitors from purified soybean cell walls supporting the evidence that uronides are intermediate inducers in elicitation by endo-PGs. Oxalic acid was an active elicitor of glyceollin I over the range of concentrations tested (0·31-20 mm) with the maximum at a concentration of 5 mm. The inability of oxalic acid to release uronides from purified cell walls makes it unlikely that uronide intermediate elicitors are involved in elicitation by oxalic acid
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