1,721,312 research outputs found
SULLE ALI DI PEGASO. DI UNA GROTTA E ALTRI DOCUMENTI D'ARCHIVIO PER PALAZZO GRIMALDI DELLA MERIDIANA
No full textStructural and technology-mediated violence: Profiling and the urgent need of new tutelary technoknowledge
No full textThe cognitive and epistemic value of mathematics. Making the world intelligible: the role of abduction, diagrams, and affordances
No full textWhen dealing with the relationship between mathematics and cognition, we face two main intellectual traditions. First of all the abundant studies about the role of mathematics in the human (and animal) development of cognitive abilities; second, the philosophical reflections upon the various ways provided by mathematics in generating specific kinds of ``knowledge''. Among the various perspectives offered by the philosophical studies about the status of mathematics, I think that Immanuel Kant's ideas represent a valuable and indispensable emph{fil rouge} able to furnish a conceptual instrument which can highlight how mathematics and cognition are strictly intertwined. I say that Kantian perspective constitutes a conceptual emph{fil rouge} because it is only through it that it is possible to synthetically understand the epistemological nature of the various approaches at play.
Kant provides a philosophical anti-metaphysical framework for mathematics that constitutes a fundamental defense of its role in high-level cognitive activities and its capacity to make rational intelligibility of the world, avoiding old-fashioned ontological views: the empirical world becomes a world of mathematical relations. I contend that it is thanks to Kantian philosophy of mathematics, that the door to the subsequent studies regarding the cognitive and epistemic value of mathematics is opened up. I will take advantage of this classical perspective to provide new insight into some of the main problems related to the issue: 1) the historicization/naturalization of mathematics, which shows that their cognitive mechanisms of discovery and application, and their historical development are strictly interrelated, 2) the role of manipulative abduction, affordances, model-based and diagrammatic reasoning, and distributed cognition as ways for clarifying the cognitive aspects of mathematics in the context of discovery, 3) the emphasis on the cognitive virtues of mathematical modeling in science as an antidote against the recent exaggerated attention to the management of big data, as a way of reaching scientific results, 4) the lack of a mathematical genuine cognitive schematic effort of creating scientific intelligibility, which often leads to mere surrogate ``modeling'', unreasonably supposed to be scientific. Finally, taking advantage of the Lobachevskyan discovery of the first non-Euclidean geometry I will exemplify the issue of the abductive, model-based, diagrammatic, heuristic, and the extra-theoretical dimension of geometrical cognition, by illustrating the role played by the so-called mirror and unveiling diagrams
Naturalizing the logic of abduction
No full textI will analyse some properties of abduction that are essential from a logical standpoint. When dealing with the so-called 'inferential problem', I will opt for the more general concepts of input and output instead of those of premisses and conclusions, and show that in this framework two consequences can be derived that help clarify basic logical aspects of abductive reasoning: (i) it is more natural to accept the 'multimodal' and 'context-dependent' character of the inferences involved, (ii) inferences are not merely conceived of in the terms of the process leading to the 'generation of an output' or to the proof of it, as in the traditional and standard view of deductive proofs, but rather, from this perspective abductive inferences can be seen as related to logical processes in which input and output fail to hold each other in an expected relation, with the solution involving the modification of inputs, not that of outputs. I will also describe that if we wish to naturalize the logic of the abductive processes and its special consequence relation, we should refer to the following main aspects: 'optimization of situatedness', 'maximization of changeability' of both input and output, and high 'information-sensitiveness'
Formal representations of model-based reasoning and abduction
No full textThis special issue of the Logic Journal of the IGPL ‘Formal Representations in Model-Based Reasoning and Abduction’ is based on a selection of the papers that were presented at the International Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology. Models and Inferences: Logical, Epistemological, and Cognitive Issues (MBR015_ITALY), held at the Centro Congressi Mediaterraneo, Sestri Levante, Italy, June 25–27, 2015, chaired by Lorenzo Magnani
Creative model-based diagrammatic cognition: The discovery of the “imaginary” non-euclidean geometry
No full textThe present article is devoted to illustrate the issue of the model-based and extra-theoretical dimension of cognition from the perspective of the famous discovery of non-Euclidean geometries. This case study is particularly appropriate because it shows relevant aspects – creative – of diagrammatic cognition, which involve intertwined processes of both explanatory and non-explanatory abduction. These processes act at the model-based level taking advantage of what I call mirror and unveiling diagrams. A description of important abductive heuristics is also provided: expansion of scope strategy, Euclidean/non-Euclidean model matching strategy, consistency-searching strategy
AL DI LA DELLA PARETE. PAESAGGIO ED ELEMENTI DI NATURA NELL'ILLUSIONE DELL'AFFRESCO A GENOVA E NEL SUO TERRITORIO
No full textIl contributo prende in esame una particolare problematica della decorazione a fresco in ambito genovese e ligure che, tra Cinque e Seicento, rende la parete un diaframma facilmente sfondabile attraverso l’artificio pittorico per stabilire allusivamente un rapporto con lo spazio esterno, schermo sul quale proiettare un’immagine della natura non necessariamente mimetica dello spazio circostante, ma, piuttosto, elemento della sua trasformazione in dimensione ideale aperta all’antico, al mito. Nello specifico, si propone una panoramica che parte dalle esperienze di Gio Battista Castello, detto il Bergamasco, della metà del XVI secolo, ispirate alle istanze delineate tempo prima dal Peruzzi per Agostino Chigi a Roma, per arrivare, nel secolo successivo, agli interventi di Valerio Castello e di Domenico Piola, in collaborazione con i quadraturisti emiliani, da interpretare come reazione a talune forme di cortonismo ‘non compreso’
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
