1,721,060 research outputs found
Productivity Dispersion and its Determinants: The Role of Import Penetration
Full text linkThe new heterogeneous firm models in international economics predict a negative impact of trade openness on within-sector productivity disparities, due to a restructuring process leading to a reallocation of resources towards more efficient firms and the exit of less productive ones. I test this hypothesis for the Italian manufacturing sectors making use of panel data models. I investigate the existence of heterogeneous effects in terms of origin of imports and I account for a geographical dimension computing the productivity dispersion indicator by sector and regional macro-area. The analysis is implemented within a comprehensive framework controlling for other potential determinants, such as technological factors and domestic competition. My findings show that competitive pressure from low income countries reduces the productivity heterogeneity across firms. On the contrary, a positive impact is detected for the increased availability of intermediates originating from developed countries. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Learning by exporting in Turkey: An investigation for existence and channels
Full text linkUsing a rich longitudinal database at the plant level, I shed new light on the causal nexus between exports and productivity for Turkey, a middle-income country. I find evidence for both self-selection into exporting and learning-by-exporting. My main focus is on post-entry effects. To test this hypothesis I follow recent empirical literature and I apply the Propensity Score Matching and a Difference-in-Difference estimator. I find a higher labour productivity and TFP growth for exporting firms in the entry year and some years following the entry. Exports seem to place firms on a superior productivity path. My main contribution is to show the strict linkage between export and import activity: export starters often start also importing. Learning by exporting effects hold when I control for the role of imports and I verify larger productivity gains for firms which start exporting and importing at the same time. Finally, in order to verify if post-entry effects are not only scale effects but work through competition channel and/or technology transfers, I look for a heterogeneity according to the sectoral productivity gap between the domestic market and foreign trade partners. I verify a different timing of efficiency improvements between comparative advantage and disadvantage sectors. Copyright © 2012 De Gruyter. All rights reserved
The Nature of Import Competition and Firms’ Environmental Engagement in Emerging Markets
No full textWe study the relationship between firm environmental engagement and the nature of import competition in emerging markets by distinguishing between differentiation-based and cost-based import competition. Drawing on the institutional perspective of CSR, we argue that differentiation-based import competition is associated with a greater reduction in firm environmental engagement than cost-based import competition. Firms in emerging markets are not used to competing on non-price factors. Thus, they cut corners and reallocate their resources away from environmental activities to investments in capital stocks. We also advance that the reduction in a firm’s environmental engagement is less pronounced for firms with higher product quality and more diversified product portfolios because they can leverage customer loyalty and reduce the “directness” of foreign competition, respectively. We test and find support for our arguments on a sample of manufacturing firms in Turkey over the period 2009-2015. Our study advances research on the relationship between market competition and corporate social responsibility
IMPORTS, EXPORTS AND THE FIRM PRODUCT SCOPE: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY
Full text linkMaking use of an original firm-product level dataset for Turkish manufacturing,
we dissect the role of importing, exporting and the joint involvement
in both activities on the firm product scope and new product introduction.
Within the bulk of overall exports, we identify and focus on foreign sales of
own produced goods. From the comparison between a single and a multiple
treatment approach, it emerges that the simultaneous entry in the import
and export markets delivers the highest innovation rate. Even if we disclose
the existence of important complementarities between the two trade activities,
starting to export appears as the real driver of firm product innovation.
On the contrary and differently from previous evidence, when moving to a
multi-treatment setting, the impact of importing fades away
Dissecting the impact of innovation on exporting in Turkey
No full textMaking use of an original firm level dataset, we explore the causal impact of innovation
on the manufacturing firmexport activity in Turkey. We model process
and product innovation as separately - through cost savings and product quality
improvements, respectively - affecting the firm profitability and, consequently,
the firm export propensity. This modeling choice highlights heterogeneous effects
across high and low income destination markets. In a Multiple Propensity
ScoreMatching framework, we, then, test the impact of each innovation activity
and of their joint adoption. We find that only the latter fosters the first time entry
into exporting, when the destination market is high income. Nevertheless, innovation
positively affects the firm export propensity. New product introduction is
more rewarding than process innovation, especially for exporting to low income
economies. Process innovation, though, strengthens the positive role of product
innovation for exporting to more advanced markets
Offshoring to High and Low Income Countries and the Labour Demand. Evidence from Italian Firms
No full textWorking Papers, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Economia
The micro evolution of trade and turnover in Turkey under the global crisis
No full textWe provide evidence on the effects of the recent financial and economic crisis on the Turkish manufacturing. We first decompose aggregate sales, exports and imports, dissecting the contribution of the extensive and intensive margins at the firmand firm-product level. Secondly, we investigate the determinants of both margins, inspecting the role of firm and product heterogeneity in the onset of the crisis, andwe support the demand shock explanation of the crisis. Our findings point at the prevalence of the intensive margin in the negative 2009 evolution of overall and exported sales. On the contrary, the drop in imports, which represents the most dramatic one, is importantly driven by the net exit of large and exporting firms and by the net dropping of products. More productive firms lead the slump in export sales and, among the products, capital and intermediate goods experience the sharpest demand decline. Also, importing favours exporting especially during the crisis. Finally, a stronger resilience emerges for exporters of own products compared to carry-along-trade exporters
Backward linkages and the export;performance of business services.Evidence from a sample of Italian firms
No full textWorking Papers 352, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Economia
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