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The building of the longest railway tunnel in the world: Mont Cenis/Fréjus (1857-1871) and the following tunnels
No full textThe Alpine tunnels represented in the XIX century the greatest efforts of technical research.
The first of the long tunnel was the Mont Cenis, between Bardonecchia and Modane. The construction of the tunnel was decided in 1857, in 1860 the gallery became an international transit between Italy and France. The works were completed thanks to mechanical drills.
Opened in November 1869 the Suez Canal, the Mont Cenis tunnel (13.6 km) was inaugurated two years later, in September 1871. After the opening of the Mont Cenis tunnel, the British company Peninsular & Oriental, who ran the service India Mail, began to pass their goods through the Italian peninsula.
In the following decades, two other tunnels were built: Gottardo (15 km) and Sempione (19.8 km). All of these tunnels were the longest in the world at the time of construction.
At the beginning of the XXI century, the base tunnels under the Alps, over 50 km long, are under construction.La construcción de los túneles alpinos durante el siglo XIX supusieron un gran esfuerzo de investigación técnica. El primero de los túneles largos fu eel de Mont Cenis, entre Bardonecchia y Modane. Su construcción se decidió en 1857 y en 1860 se convirtió en una larga galería subterránea para el tránsito internacional entre Francia e Italia. Las obras se completaron gracias al uso de los taladros mecánicos. Si en noviembre de 1869 se inauguró el Canal de Suez, el túnel de Mont Cenis, de 13,6 km, fue inagurado dos años más tarde, en septiembre de 1871. Tras su apertura, la empresa británica Peninsular & Oriental, que gestionaba el servicio de correo con la India, comenzó a utilizar el tránsito por la peninsula italiana. En las décadas siguientes se construyeron otros dos túneles: Gottardo (15 km) y Sempione (19,8 km. Todos estos túneles fueron los más largos del mundo en el momento de su construcción. Ahora, a principios del siglo XXI, se están construyendo los túneles base bajo los Alpes de más de 50 km de longitud
Public and private management of Italian railways: 1905-1985
Full text linkThis article traces the history of private and public management of Italian railways, start-ing from the private management systems created after the unification of Italy, with particular attention to the period from 1905 to 1985, when a large part of the national network was man-aged by the State Railways (Ferrovie dello Stato–FS). The research identifies the problems related to Italian railways in that period, from the first years after the foundation of FS, until the beginning of the new process of privatisation. The first years after 1905 focused on improving the railway system, left in poor condition by the private companies prior to nationalisation. The Great War required a huge effort for the recently established FS. Then came the twenty years of fascism (1922-1943), with an increase in the efficiency of the railway system but also with the first mani-festation of competition with cars and trucks. Finally, the period of the second half of the 20thcentury recorded a serious crisis of the system, with the closure of many secondary railways and with the perception of the train as a means of transport for the poor. Despite the commencement of the construction of the high-speed railway between Florenceand Rome, trains continued to lose ground in the transportation market. Private management returned between 1985 and 1992
The railways of Italian Africa: economic, social and strategic features
No full textThe article reconstructs the various aspects of the Italian railways in Africa, which played a vital role in the development of the area
Are cognitive disorders more common in geriatric diabetic patients? What factors contribute to cognitive decline?
No full textCognitive screening is recommended for all geriatric DM patients. Suggested validated screening tests are the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and the clock drawing test. Screening should be repeated on a twice-yearly basis in those who are borderline and annually in those who are negative. In the case of positive screening, a specialist clinical diagnostic assessment is recommended.
In patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, evaluating and treating possible modifiable risk factors is recommended, such as sensory and physical functional disorders, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, etc.
Simplification of antidiabetic drug treatment is also recommended in these patients
Ripensare l’industria del wealth management: verso nuovi modelli di servizio guidati dalla domanda
No full textDa un’indagine condotta su un campione di 30 gestori dell’industria italiana del wealth management emerge la possibilità e l’opportunità di ripensare un modello di servizio private in cui alla variabile della dimensione patrimoniale si aggiungono elementi ulteriori quali la propensione al rischio, l’orizzonte temporale, il bisogno di diversificazione. Con lo scopo di fronteggiare al meglio le distorsioni comportamentali ed emotive che caratterizzano gli individui nelle decisioni di investimento
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Piacere, Scienza! Galileo
No full textUna serie di Piacere, Scienza! dedicata a Galileo in occasione dell'Anno Galileiano. Scaricabile da iTunes
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