1,721,047 research outputs found
Cocco, M.T., Congiu, C., Maccioni, A., Onnis, V Convenient synthesis of 4-amino-7-(dialkylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines from polysubstituted pyridines
No full textA convenient synthesis of 4-amino-7-(dialkylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines via cyclization of functionalized pyridines is reported. The preparation of the starting pyridines from 3-amino-3-(dialkylaraino)propene-nitriles and ethoxymethylenemalononitrile is described
Environmental depletion, defensive consumption and negative externalities
No full textThis paper analyses economic dynamics in a context in which the production and consumption choices of economic agents generate environmental degradation. Agents can defend themselves from environmental degradation by increasing the production and consumption of output, which is assumed to be a (perfect) substitute for environmental quality. We consider the cases in which agents can coordinate their actions or not, and we show that if the dynamics is conditioned by negative externalities (so that there is no coordination), then a self-reinforcing mechanism may occur leading to production and consumption levels higher than the socially optimal ones. A complete analysis of the dynamics and of the welfare properties of the stationary states is provided
Framework for introducing a second-pillar pension system in Azerbaijan
No full textThis paper presents a possible framework for implementing the second-pillar pension system as called for by the Law “On Labor Pensions” of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The proposed option consists of a defined contribution plan, in which both employee and employer contribute on a regular basis, with partial support of government. Simulating the effects for representative workers shows that, even in the most pessimistic scenario, participants in the second-pillar system who reach pension age can maintain a viable standard of living at retirement. This result is even more pronounced for workers in the lowest income group, because of the redistributive effect of the proposed reforms
Information discovery in polystores: The augmented way
No full textPolystores provide a loosely coupled integration of heterogeneous data sources based on the direct access, with the local language, to each storage engine for exploiting its distinctive features. In this framework, given the absence of a middleware exposing a global schema, it is hard to know if a query to one system can be satisfied by data stored elsewhere in the polystore. We address this problem by illustrating query augmentation, a data manipulation operator for polystores based on the automatic enrichment of the answer to a local query with related data in the rest of the polystore. Augmentation can be used to implement augmented search and augmented exploration: two effective methods for information discovery in polystores that avoid middleware layers, abstract query languages, and shared data models
Medical Practice and Malpractice Litigation in an Evolutionary Context
No full textWe model the interactions between the behaviors of physicians and patients, subject to clinical and legal risks, by means of evolutionary game theory. We propose an original game in which patients may sue their physician for medical malpractice, and physicians have to choose between two alternative treatments, with different levels of benefits and risks. The safer treatment is also the less effective, therefore its provision corresponds, under the assumptions of our model, to practicing negative defensive medicine. We study the Nash equilibria, test their stability in the replicator dynamics, and analyze their welfare properties. We find that the accuracy of the judicial system plays an important role, with possible counter-intuitive effects related to legal reforms. If the court is not sufficiently accurate, defensive medicine can be favored, paradoxically, by an increase in the probability that defensive physicians are sanctioned by the court. A similar outcome can be generated also by an increase in the compensation paid to patients by physicians, when sanctioned for medical malpractice
Synthesis of 1-acyl-5-pyrazolones and pyrrolidino [2,3-c]pyrazol-3-ones
No full textThe reactivity of acetamidrazones I in strong basicity conditions was examined. When compounds I are reacted with equivalent quantities of α-haloketones in sodium alcoholate, the pyrrolidino[2,3-c]pyrazol-3-ones IV were obtained by intermediate formation of 1-acyl-3-amino-5-pyrazolones III
Synthesis of pyridines by heterocyclization of new dienamino esters.
No full textThe synthesis of pyridine derivatives is reported starting from the new dienamino esters 2. Thermal cyclization of 2 afforded the ethyl 2-amino-3-pyridinecarboxylate derivatives 3; from the reaction of 2 in sodium ethoxide the 2-aminopyridines 3 and 4, and the 1,2-dihydro-2-oxopyridines 5 and 6 were obtained
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