6 research outputs found
Muslim discourses on integration and schooling
No full textSince 2001 Muslim communities in Britain have largely been governed through the educational policy framing of integration and segregation. This Manichean bio-construct sees mono-cultural ethnic schools as problematic spaces, whilst integrated schools as the liberal ideal. By drawing upon the subaltern studies approach, this study provides a space for Muslim pupils and parents to articulate their own discourses on integrated and segregated schools in Britain. In doing so, it allows Muslim communities a position of power, by giving them agency to construct their own narratives on the policy debate on integration and schooling.
This thesis attempts to make sense of Muslim discourses through a theoretic interpretation drawn from Muslim intellectual history. By using Ibn Khaldun’s (d. 1406) sociological theory of ‘asabiyya this study provides a broader theoretical context to the Muslim voice. The empirical and the theoretical perspectives contained in this study attempts to make significant contributions to the study of race, religion and Muslim studies in Britain.
Public policy discourses has often seen the concept of integration as a linear cultural process, with minority groups gradually adopting the social mores of the host society. Evidence presented in this study sees integration as an analytical process and not as a fixed cultural template. It shows how the concept of integration can often be used, by political actors, as a tool for anti-Muslim racism.
The discourses of Muslim parents and pupils have much in common with each other, especially when rejecting the idea of self-segregation, or highlighting the importance of ‘asabiyya based on religion, but they have little in common with the public policy framing of Muslim communities.
Sociological studies have often demonstrated the disjuncture between public policy and lived experience. This study confirms this observation by elucidating the disconnect between political discourse of integration and lived cultural experience of Muslim communities. The discourses of Muslim communities in this study suggest a complex, paradoxical, intersectional reading of integration, which is fundamentally rooted within social constructionism. Most importantly it dismisses the integration and segregation binary, as seen within the educational framing of Muslims, whilst recognising the importance of Muslim group solidarity, or ‘asabiyya in Muslim discourse
Personality Traits of Substance Users in Bangladesh
No full textBackground: Drug taking behavior and drug dependence is a multi-factorial disorder. Personality is a very important determining factor of drug dependence.
Objectives: To find out the possible relationship between personality traits and substance use disorders.
Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and case-control study conducted in the department of Psychiatry of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Central Drug Addiction Treatment Center, Dhaka for a period of one year (January 2005 to December 2005). From five hundred respondents, 250 had the history of substance use disorders selected as case, and equal number were age, sex, habitat and economic background matched controls were taken. Personality traits of both cases and control were measured by applying Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.
Results: Mean ± SD psychoticism (8.42±3 vs 4.33±1.8), Neuroticism (11.89±2.3 vs 9.83±2) were significantly higher (P<0.01) in cases than controls. It was found that psychoticism was 2.3 times and neurticism was 1.7 times higher in substance users than that of controls. There were no significant differences of mean distribution of extroversion and lie scales among the cases & controls. This study also revealed that, there was no significant relationship between personality traits and different variables related to substance use except that psychoticism was significantly higher in those substance users who had have positive history of troubles with law than those having no history of trouble with law (8.82±3.2 & 7.95±2.7 respectively).
Conclusion: Personality traits may have an influence on persons with substance use disorder which detoriates quality of life.
Key words: Drug dependence; Personality; Psychoticism; Neuroticism; Extraversion; Lie scale.
DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i2.7056
BSMMU J 2010; 3(2): 76-8
Phosphorus nutrition of chickpea under dry topsoil conditions as in the High Barind Tract of Bangladesh
No full textIn many parts of the world, notably in South Asia, crop intensification is resulting in more crops being grown on stored soil moisture, under which conditions the topsoil commonly dries out during crop growth. In the Mediterranean climatic region also, topsoils dry out particularly during the later part of the growing season. Implications of the drying of topsoils for crop nutrition in general are poorly understood. Crop intensification in South Asia is also leading to increased mechanisation and the emergence of minimum tillage sowing of crops. The key research question for the present thesis is availability of phosphorus (P) for chickpea grown with stored residual soil water in the context where placement of P fertilizer with the seed is accomplished by mechanised planters. This study investigated the P nutrition of chickpea considering uptake from topsoil and subsoil and factors affecting P availability, distribution and remobilization throughout the growing season when P fertilizer was supplied with the seed or below the seed (in the subsoil) under well-watered and dry topsoil conditions. Short-term (up to 12 or 24 days) glasshouse studies assessed the risk of toxicity for seed emergence and early growth of chickpea when P fertilizers were placed with seed in well-watered soil. In sand, seed-placed P fertilizers (diammonium phosphate and triple superphosphate) depressed chickpea germination and seedling growth while seed-placed P was safe in sandy clay loam soil at rates equivalent to 20 kg P/ha even in the scenario where the seed was sown in wide rows (up to 60 cm) that results in higher effective P fertiliser concentration around seed. In the field when chickpea was sown in four soils (sandy clay loam- clay loam texture) with a drying surface, the seed-placed P fertilizer at 20 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate had no suppressive effect in the early growth stage of chickpea but the grain yield improvement was very small (~10% over the nil P). Under a drying topsoil, chickpea accumulated P until late pod filling stage irrespective of P fertilizer treatments. From the accumulated P, plants remobilized a substantial amount of P (52% of total in vegetative shoot parts) which contributed the equivalent of 69% of the total pod P. The remobilization of P from the vegetative parts was not sufficient for the pod P requirement but rather concurrent P uptake from the soil was needed to complete the P requirements of the pods. These results suggested that continual P uptake of chickpea depended on uptake from the subsoil P where moisture was available after drying of the topsoil. To assess the contribution of subsoil P to P uptake by chickpea under dry topsoil condition, a glasshouse study was setup by supplying P levels in the subsoil (10-30 cm). This study also showed that chickpea continued to accumulate P until late podding stage when the topsoil was completely dried; the pod P content was contributed by both remobilized P (70%) and concurrent uptake of P (30 %), but the level of P in the dry topsoil had no effect on total P content of the plant or its pods. Fractionation of P in rhizosphere soil showed that chickpea depleted sparingly-soluble 0.1 M NaOH-extractable inorganic P (NaOH Pi) in addition to labile P fractions. The drawdown of depleted P fractions was greater in the subsoil than the topsoil. The response of carboxylate exudation of chickpea under dry topsoil condition was investigated in the final glasshouse study. Under dry topsoil condition, chickpea exuded substantially higher amounts of total carboxylates in the well-watered subsoil compared to the dry topsoil. Malonate was the principal form of carboxylate followed by malate and citrate. The depletion of sparingly-soluble P forms (NaOH Pi from both the P-supplied topsoil and subsoil and the 1 M HCl extractable inorganic P from the subsoil without added P) suggests a link between the carboxylates excreted in the subsoil rhizosphere and the depletion of sparingly soluble P fractions. In conclusion, chickpea continued to take up P during the whole period of dry matter accumulation including during pod filling. Under conditions where the topsoil dried out mostly before flowering, the post-flowering P uptake is most likely to have been acquired from the subsoil. In this study, substantial root growth and carboxylate exudation by chickpea into the moist subsoil has been demonstrated suggesting a possible mechanism for mobilisation of subsoil P reserves for uptake during pod filling. The seed-placed P fertilizer had limited positive effect on chickpea grain yield in the field possibly due to shallow depth of fertilizer placement into topsoil which was dry when the plant’s P demand was high. Subsoil placement of P fertilizer showed promise for improving P uptake and grain yield of chickpea under dry topsoil condition. Further studies are required under different soils and environmental conditions to assess the contribution of subsoil P to the P nutrition of chickpea
Biología reproductiva del Barbul Pimelodus yuma en la cuenca del río Sinú dos décadas después de la hidroeléctrica Urrá
No full textPara estudiar la biología reproductiva del Barbul Pimelodus yuma (Villa-Navarro & Acero P., 2017), en la cuenca del río Sinú, Colombia, se recolectaron 382 individuos entre enero y diciembre 2023 cuyas tallas y pesos fluctuaron entre 14.0-26.7 (19.9 ± 1.8) cm de longitud total (LT) y 21.0-185.0 (81.1 ± 24.2) g de peso total (WT). Las gónadas se preservaron en solución de Gilson, aplicándose la escala de Vazzoler (1996) para determinar los estados de madurez de los ovarios. La proporción sexual global se estimó con la ecuación de Wenner (1972) y la proporción sexual a la talla con la técnica de Holden & Raitt (1975), aplicándose la prueba de Chi cuadrado (X2). Los índices de madurez se estimaron con la metodología de Vazzoler et al. (1989), Tresierra & Culquichicón (1995) y Vazzoler (1996), la talla media de madurez sexual se estimó con la metodología de Sparre & Venema (1998), el diámetro de los ovocitos maduros se midió con un ocular micrométrico y la fecundidad se estimó con el método Gravimétrico (Laevastu, 1980; Tresierra & Culquichicón, 1993). Se encontraron 276 hembras y 106 machos, con talla media de captura de 20.0 cm LT, proporción sexual hembra: macho 2.6:1, dimorfismo sexual a la talla, desarrollo ovocitario sincrónico en dos grupos, ovocitos de pequeño tamaño con 750 μm, desove anual entre marzo y octubre asociado al ciclo hidrológico del Sinú, talla media de madurez sexual de 19.3 cm LT, ovocitos de tamaño mediano con 750 µm y alta fecundidad de 14461 ovocitos, asociada al peso de los ovarios, la cual es similar a las reportadas en las cuencas del Sinú, San Jorge, Magdalena y otros ríos del país, excepto la de la ciénaga de Cachimbero.LISTA DE TABLAS xLISTA DE FIGURAS xiRESUMEN xiii1. INTRODUCCIÓN 12. OBJETIVOS 42.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 42.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 43. MARCO TEÓRICO 53.1 UBICACIÓN TAXONÓMICA 53.2 BIOECOLOGÍA 53.2.1 Alimentación 53.2.2 Reproducción 63.2.3 Pesquería 84. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS 94.1 LOCALIZACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO 94.2 MUESTRAS 104.3 MEDICIONES 114.4 EXTRACCIÓN DE LAS GÓNADAS 114.5 PROPORCIÓN SEXUAL 124.6 ÍNDICES DE MADUREZ SEXUAL 124.6.1 Índice gonadosomático (IGS1) 124.6.2 Índice gonadosomático corregido (IGS2) 124.6.3 Índice gonadal (IG) 134.7 TALLAS DE MADUREZ SEXUAL 134.8 DIÁMETRO DE OVOCITOS MADUROS 144.9 ÉPOCA DE DESOVE 144.10 FECUNDIDAD 144.11 ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO 155. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN 165.1 PROPORCIÓN SEXUAL 185.2 ÍNDICES DE MADUREZ SEXUAL 205.3 ÉPOCA DE DESOVE 245.4 TALLAS DE MADUREZ SEXUAL 265.5 DIÁMETRO DE OVOCITOS MADUROS 295.6 FECUNDIDAD 306. CONCLUSIONES 337. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 34PregradoProfesional en AcuiculturaTrabajos de Investigación y/o Extensió
Rol de la agricultura de precisión en la mitigación de la sigatoka negra en cultivos de banano bajo cambio climático: una revisión y análisis bibliométrico
No full textBlack Sigatoka, caused by the fungus P. fijiensis, is the most severe disease that affects bananas (Musa spp). Research has projected increases in disease severity in response to climate change and variability, highlighting the need to analyze the relative contributions of climate change and immediate responses to their effects on these crops. This study aimed to analyze the influence of climate variability and spatiotemporal variability of soil and climatic conditions on Black Sigatoka. In addition, it was evaluated the use of geostatistical, geomatics, remote sensing, and geographic information systems techniques for disease detection over the past 30 years. A systematic review of 156 articles was conducted using bibliometric analysis, considering descriptive statistics and bibliometric mapping using VOSviewer. The results showcased geostatistical methods used to measure Sigatoka infection in banana crops and identify soil and climatic variables associated with this disease. It is concluded that climate change has the potential to increase Black Sigatoka infection, but precision agriculture could be an effective tool to mitigate the negative impact on banana crops.La sigatoka negra producida por el hongo P. fijiensis, es la enfermedad más severa que afecta al banano (Musa spp). Existen investigaciones que han proyectado incrementos en la severidad de la enfermedad en respuesta al cambio climático y la variabilidad climática, por lo que es necesario analizar las contribuciones relativas de los cambios del clima y las respuestas inmediatas a sus efectos en este tipo de cultivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de la variabilidad climática y la variabilidad espaciotemporal de las condiciones edafoclimáticas sobre sigatoka negra. Además, se evaluó el uso de técnicas geoestadísticas, geomáticas, de teledetección y sistemas de información geográfica para la detección de la enfermedad durante los últimos 30 años. Se adoptó una revisión sistemática de 156 artículos mediante análisis bibliométrico considerando estadísticas descriptivas y mapeo bibliométrico utilizando VOSviewer. Los resultados muestran métodos geoestadísticos utilizados para medir la infección por Sigatoka en cultivos de banano e identifican variables del suelo y climáticas asociadas con esta enfermedad. Se concluye que el cambio climático tiene el potencial de incrementar la infección de sigatoka negra, pero la agricultura de precisión podría ser una herramienta eficaz para disminuir el impacto negativo en los cultivos de banano
Rol de la agricultura de precisión en la mitigación de la sigatoka negra en cultivos de banano bajo cambio climático: una revisión y análisis bibliométrico
No full textBlack Sigatoka, caused by the fungus P. fijiensis, is the most severe disease that affects bananas (Musa spp). Research has projected increases in disease severity in response to climate change and variability, highlighting the need to analyze the relative contributions of climate change and immediate responses to their effects on these crops. This study aimed to analyze the influence of climate variability and spatiotemporal variability of soil and climatic conditions on Black Sigatoka. In addition, it was evaluated the use of geostatistical, geomatics, remote sensing, and geographic information systems techniques for disease detection over the past 30 years. A systematic review of 156 articles was conducted using bibliometric analysis, considering descriptive statistics and bibliometric mapping using VOSviewer. The results showcased geostatistical methods used to measure Sigatoka infection in banana crops and identify soil and climatic variables associated with this disease. It is concluded that climate change has the potential to increase Black Sigatoka infection, but precision agriculture could be an effective tool to mitigate the negative impact on banana crops.La sigatoka negra producida por el hongo P. fijiensis, es la enfermedad más severa que afecta al banano (Musa spp). Existen investigaciones que han proyectado incrementos en la severidad de la enfermedad en respuesta al cambio climático y la variabilidad climática, por lo que es necesario analizar las contribuciones relativas de los cambios del clima y las respuestas inmediatas a sus efectos en este tipo de cultivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de la variabilidad climática y la variabilidad espaciotemporal de las condiciones edafoclimáticas sobre sigatoka negra. Además, se evaluó el uso de técnicas geoestadísticas, geomáticas, de teledetección y sistemas de información geográfica para la detección de la enfermedad durante los últimos 30 años. Se adoptó una revisión sistemática de 156 artículos mediante análisis bibliométrico considerando estadísticas descriptivas y mapeo bibliométrico utilizando VOSviewer. Los resultados muestran métodos geoestadísticos utilizados para medir la infección por Sigatoka en cultivos de banano e identifican variables del suelo y climáticas asociadas con esta enfermedad. Se concluye que el cambio climático tiene el potencial de incrementar la infección de sigatoka negra, pero la agricultura de precisión podría ser una herramienta eficaz para disminuir el impacto negativo en los cultivos de banano
