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Visual Multi-Object Tracking with Re-Identification using Labeled Random Finite Sets
No full text본 논문은 베이즈 필터링(Bayesian filtering)을 통해 객체 출현 및 재출현 그리고 가림 현상과 같은 문제를 해결하는 향상된 온라인 비주얼 다중 객체 추적(multi-object tracking)을 기법을 소개한다. 먼저, 객체의 사라짐 및 재출현 문제 해결을 위해, 라벨링 된 확률 유한 집합(labeled random finite set) 필터링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이는 객체 관리를위해객체들의특징을활용하고,객체검출(detection)에대해선형시간복잡도로 작동하는새로운모델을포함한다.또한,궤적의겹침과크기를고려한퍼지(fuzzy)검출 모델이 가림 현상(occlusion) 처리를 개선하며, 계산 시간을 최소화하기 위해 근사화된 필터도함께제시된다.다음장에서는제안하는다중객체추적알고리즘을 2D이미지에 서실제 3D좌표로확장한다.이접근법은단안카메라의 2D검출들을통합함으로써 3D 다중 객체 추적을 향상시키고, 카메라 재구성 시 검출기 재학습의 필요성을 제거한다. 이를통해트랙초기화및종료,재식별,가림현상처리를단일베이즈필터링재귀로통 합하고, 나아가 객체의 특징, 운동 데이터, 기하학적 가림 모델을 활용하여 제안 기법의 효율성을 높인다. 마지막으로, 2D 바운딩 박스 검출만을 사용하여 실시간 다중 카메라 다중 객체 추적(multi-camera multi-object tracking)을 위한 빠른 온라인 알고리즘이 고 안된다. 이 방법은 다중 센서(multi-sensor) generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli 필터를 – iii – 낮은복잡도와정확도손실없이구현가능하게하고,동적카메라구성에대한강건함을 보여준다.|This dissertation introduces advanced methods for online visual multi-object track- ing (MOT), addressing challenges like object appearance-reappearance and occlusion, using Bayesian filtering techniques. We first introduce an algorithm that leverages la- beled random finite set (LRFS) filtering to tackle disappearance and reappearance issues, incorporating a novel model that utilizes object features to manage reappearing objects with linear complexity relative to the number of detections. A fuzzy detection model is also introduced to enhance occlusion handling by considering track overlaps and sizes. To reduce computational time, we propose an approximation of this filter. In the next chapter, we extend our proposed multi-object tracking algorithm from 2D images to 3D real-world coordinates. More specifically, this approach enhances 3D multi-object tracking by integrating 2D detections from monocular cameras, elim- inating the need for detector retraining upon camera reconfiguration. This solution combines track initiation/termination, re-identification, and occlusion handling into a single Bayes filtering recursion, with improved efficiency through feature and kinematic incorporation, and a geometric occlusion model. In the last chapter, a rapid online al- gorithm is presented for real-time multi-camera multi-object tracking, using only 2D bounding box detections. This method simplifies the Multi-Sensor Generalized La- beled Multi-Bernoulli (MS-GLMB) filter to achieve a low-complexity implementation, demonstrating faster performance without accuracy loss, and robustness to dynamic camera configurations.DoctorAbstract (English) i
Abstract (Korean) iii
List of Contents v
List of Tables viii
List of Figures xii
List of Algorithms xviii
1 Introduction 1
2 Visual Multi-Object Tracking with
Re-Identification and Occlusion Handling using Labeled Random Fi-
nite Sets 5
2.1 Abstract 5
2.2 Introduction 6
2.3 Related Work 9
2.3.1 Visual Multi-Object Tracking 9
2.3.2 Visual RFS-based Localization and Tracking 10
2.4 Dynamic and Measurement Models 11
2.4.1 Multi-Object Dynamic and Appearance Model 12
2.4.2 Measurement Model with Occlusion 13
2.4.3 Fuzzy Detection Model 15
2.5 Bayesian Multi-Object Filtering Solutions 19
2.5.1 The Exact Filtering Recursion 20
2.5.2 The GLMB Filter 21
2.5.3 The LMB Filter 23
2.5.4 Track Initialization and Re-ID 25
2.5.5 Multi-Object Estimator 27
2.6 Implementation Details 28
2.6.1 Object Dynamic Representation 28
2.6.2 Single-Object Detection Model 29
2.6.3 Hypothesis Truncation for GLMB/LMB Filters 30
2.7 Experiments 32
2.7.1 Evaluation of Tracking Accuracy 33
2.7.2 Evaluation of Efficiency 40
2.7.3 Ablation Studies 42
2.7.4 Fuzzy Rules Analysis 44
2.7.5 Limitation 45
2.8 Details on Filtering Recursions 46
2.8.1 Exact Filtering Recursion 46
2.8.2 GLMB Filtering Recursion 47
2.8.3 LMB Filtering Recursion 48
2.9 OSPA(2) Metric 48
2.10 Conclusion 50
3 Track Initialization and Re-Identification for 3D Multi-View Multi-
Object Tracking 51
3.1 Abstract 51
3.2 Introduction 52
3.3 Related Works 55
3.3.1 Visual Multi-Object Detection 55
3.3.2 Visual Multi-Object Tracking 57
3.4 Bayesian Multi-View MOT 59
3.4.1 Object Dynamic Model 60
3.4.2 Multi-View Measurement Model 63
3.4.3 Bayesian Multi-View MOT Filter 67
3.5 Approximate MV-MOT Filter 68
3.5.1 Multi-View GLMB Recursion 69
3.5.2 Occlusion Modeling 71
3.5.3 Adaptive Birth Modeling 74
3.6 Experimental Results 78
3.6.1 Performance Evaluation 82
3.6.2 Benchmarking Against Ideal Trackers 88
3.6.3 Ablation Study 89
3.7 Conclusion 92
4 A Fast Online Algorithm for 3D Multi-Camera Multi-Object Track-
ing 94
4.1 Abstract 94
4.2 Introduction 95
4.3 Related Works 96
4.4 The Fast 3D Multi-Object Tracking Algorithm 98
4.4.1 Track Prediction 99
4.4.2 Data Association and Track Update 101
4.4.3 Track Initialization and Termination 106
4.5 Algorithm Implementation 107
4.6 Derivation from the Multi-Sensor GLMB Filter 113
4.7 Experimental Results 115
4.7.1 Performance Evaluation 118
4.7.2 Benchmarking Against 3D-Training-Based Methods 120
4.7.3 Ablation Study 122
4.8 Conclusions 124
Summary 125
Bibliography 127
A Abbreviations 144
Acknowledgements 14
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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