1,721,053 research outputs found
Western Pacific Model Subduction Zones
No full textnetCDF files for cross sections in the western Pacific through spherical models of plate tectonics and mantle convectionRelated Publication:
Slab horizontal subduction and slab tearing beneath East Asia
Ma, Pengfei China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
Liu, Shaofeng China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
Gurnis, Michael Caltech
Zhang, Bo China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
Geophysical Research Letters
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081703
en
Assisted reverse electrodialysis for CO2 electrochemical conversion and treatment of wastewater: A new approach towards more eco-friendly processes using salinity gradients
Full text linkIn this paper, the utilization of assisted reverse electrodialysis (A-RED), recently used for pre-desalination, is proposed as a general method to reduce the energy requirements of electrolysis processes and evaluated for two model processes: (i) the cathodic conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid; (ii) the anodic treatment of water contaminated by organics. In A-RED, two solutions with different salt content and an external potential difference, applied in the direction of the natural salinity gradient, are both used to drive redox processes. It was shown, for the first time, that the cathodic conversion of CO2 to formic acid can be performed by both reverse electrodialysis (RED) and A-RED, saving electric energy with respect to electrolysis processes. A-RED allows to increase significantly the production of formic acid with respect to RED (after 4 h, 2 and 6.3 mM were produced for RED and A-RED with an additional external cell potential of 0.8 V, respectively, for a salinity ratio SR = 3300). For the anodic treatment of wastewater, A-RED allowed to accelerate the removal of organics and/or to use smaller salinity gradients with respect to RED (as an example, after 2 h with a SR of 4.4, an abatement of TOC of 55 and 92% was obtained with RED and A-RED with 1.5 V, respectively) and to save electrical energy with respect to electrolysis. A simplified economic analysis performed for the anodic treatment of the adopted synthetic wastewater has shown that A-RED presents the most appealing economic data with respect to both electrolysis and RED in most of investigated cases
Devolopment of a process for the treatment of synthetic wastewater without energy inputs using the salinity gradient of wastewaters and a reverse electrodialysis stack
No full textElectrochemical processes are considered very effective methods for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by organics resistant to conventional biological processes and various inorganic pollutants. Large sites that treat wastewaters usually deal with a large number of waters often characterized by different salinity contents, that could be potentially used to provide the energy necessary for the electrochemical remediation. Hence, in this work a reverse electrodialysis (RED) process for the treatment of synthetic wastewaters contaminated by organics, without energy inputs, using the salinity gradient of different wastewaters, was studied, for the first time. It was found that two synthetic wastewaters with different NaCl content can be effectively used in a RED system to drive anodic and cathodic processes for the removal of their organic contents without external energy supplies. The effects of salinity gradient, external resistance and set-up of the process was evaluated. Under optimized operating conditions, a fast and high removal of TOC (about 70% every hour) in the anodic compartment and a good stability of operating conditions for all the monitored time (10 h) were achieved. In addition, about 67% of the solution with high salinity used in the stack to provide the salinity gradient was effectively treated in the anodic compartment of the stack
Electrochemical treatment of real wastewater. Part 1: Effluents with low conductivity
No full textThe treatment of a real wastewater characterized by low conductivity was performed by anodic oxidation at boron doped diamond (BDD) in both conventional and microfluidic cells. The electrolyses carried out in conventional cells without supporting electrolyte were characterized by very high TOC removals but excessively high energetic consumptions and operating costs. The addition of sodium sulphate, as supporting electrolyte, allowed to strongly reduce the cell potentials and consequently the energetic consumptions and the operating costs. However, under various operating conditions, the addition of Na2SO4caused a lower removal of the TOC. The best results in terms of both TOC removal, energetic consumptions and operating costs (about 1 â¬/m3) were obtained using a cell with a very low inter-electrode distance (50 Âμm) with no addition of a supporting electrolyte
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Specific separation and recovery of phosphate anions by a novel NiFe-LDH/rGO hybrid film based on electroactivity-variable valence
Full text linkPhosphorus is a non-renewable resource. Supplies are limited and much phosphorus is currently wasted during the production and utilization process, causing concerns about future supplies and widespread environmental problems. To solve these problems, a new type of NiFe-LDH/rGO electrically switched ion-selective (ESIX) film is designed, based on the dominant mechanism of inner-sphere complexation. An ESIX process allows the NiFe-LDH/rGO hybrid film to achieve a controllably selective uptake and release of the phosphate anions. This route involves tuning potential steps to regulate the redox states of the composite film and the variable metal (e.g., Ni, Fe (II)/(III)) in coordination centers, as the inner- sphere complexation of the metals to phosphate anions is combined with the assistance of the outer elec- tric field. A high absorption capacity (270 mg g 1) and regeneration rate (>85%) were achieved, together with good cycle stability
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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