1,720,975 research outputs found
EVOLUTION OF VACCINE PREVENTION — IMPROVEMENT TO DEFENCES AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCUS
No full textIn March 2010, the International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases was held in Tel-Aviv. Experts from 70 countries across the world gathered to discuss the latest scientific advances related to epidemiology and diagnostics, treatment and prevention of the pneumococcal infection. The latest achievements in microbiology and genetics helped discover the «genetic» portrait of S. pneumoniae and assess its phenotypic properties. Pneumococcal infection, which is a leading cause of death throughout the world, is vaccine-controlled. Multiple scientific studies conducted in different parts of the world reliably confirmed the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of currently available pneumococcal vaccines and related vaccination schedules. An ongoing exchange of knowledge about pneumococcus is required to optimize the clinical and economic efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination. Developing new vaccines capable of expanding the coverage of pneumococcus immunotypes, as well as support more sustainable immune defense in high-risk patients (children, elderly people and patients with chronic pathologies).Key words: vaccinal prevention, pneumococcal infection, advances, safety, efficacy, children. (Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(6):22-25
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
ERA OF CONJUGATE VACCINES: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION
No full textThe article highlights comparative characteristics of the polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines against pneumococcal infection, meningococcosis and haemophilus influenza. The author stresses the advantage of the conjugate vaccines. The researcher provides the data on the achieved success as to the application of the conjugate vaccines against the said infections abroad and demonstrates a sizable reduction in the morbidity with different forms of pneumococcal infection, resulting from the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine introduced to the immunization program in the developed nations of the world.Key words: pneumococcal infection, meningococcosis, haemophilus influenzae, vaccine, types of vaccines, children
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ — СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРОТИВ ПНЕВМОКОККА
No full textIn March 2010, the International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases was held in Tel-Aviv. Experts from 70 countries across the world gathered to discuss the latest scientific advances related to epidemiology and diagnostics, treatment and prevention of the pneumococcal infection. The latest achievements in microbiology and genetics helped discover the «genetic» portrait of S. pneumoniae and assess its phenotypic properties. Pneumococcal infection, which is a leading cause of death throughout the world, is vaccine-controlled. Multiple scientific studies conducted in different parts of the world reliably confirmed the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of currently available pneumococcal vaccines and related vaccination schedules. An ongoing exchange of knowledge about pneumococcus is required to optimize the clinical and economic efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination. Developing new vaccines capable of expanding the coverage of pneumococcus immunotypes, as well as support more sustainable immune defense in high-risk patients (children, elderly people and patients with chronic pathologies).Key words: vaccinal prevention, pneumococcal infection, advances, safety, efficacy, children. (Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(6):22-25)В марте 2010 г. в Тель-Авиве прошел Международный симпозиум по пневмококкам и пневмококковым заболеваниям. Специалисты из 70 стран мира обсуждали последние научные достижения в области эпидемиологии, диагностики, лечения и профилактики пневмококковой инфекции. Микробиологами и генетиками раскрыт, наконец, «генетический портрет» Streptococcus pneumoniae и оценены его фенотипические свойства. Пневмококковая инфекция, занимающая лидирующие позиции в причинах смертности по всему миру, является вакциноуправляемой. Многочисленные научные наблюдения, проведенные в разных странах, надежно обосновали безопасность, иммуногенность и эффективность имеющихся в настоящее время пневмококковых вакцин и соответствующих схем вакцинации. Необходим постоянный обмен знаниями о пневмококке для оптимизации клинико-экономической эффективности пневмококковой вакцинации. Большое значение имеет разработка новых вакцин, способных расширить охват серотипов пневмококка, а также поддерживать более продолжительную иммунную защиту у пациентов из групп риска (дети, пожилые люди и пациенты с хронической патологией). Ключевые слова: вакцинопрофилактика, пневмококковая инфекция, достижения, безопасность, эффективность, дети. (Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2010; 7(6):22-25
ERA OF CONJUGATE VACCINES: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION
No full textThe article highlights comparative characteristics of the polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines against pneumococcal infection, meningococcosis and haemophilus influenza. The author stresses the advantage of the conjugate vaccines. The researcher provides the data on the achieved success as to the application of the conjugate vaccines against the said infections abroad and demonstrates a sizable reduction in the morbidity with different forms of pneumococcal infection, resulting from the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine introduced to the immunization program in the developed nations of the world.Key words: pneumococcal infection, meningococcosis, haemophilus influenzae, vaccine, types of vaccines, children
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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