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IL SONNO NEL LAVORO A TURNI: CONFRONTO TRA TURNI "3X8" E "2X12".
Full text linkAbstract:
Sleep in night shift work: comparison between “3x8” and “2x12” fast rotating shift schedules
The study was aimed at assessing the impact of 3 types of fast rotating shift systems on stress, fatigue, sleep and hormonal secretion.
Subjects: Among 294 hospital nurses, examined in a survey on work related stress, three groups of 10 nurses were randomly selected for a comparison of three shift work schedules: a) 10 working in the resuscitation unit on a “3x8” shift system in a 5-day cycle with a “quick return”: Afternoon (14-21); Morning (07-14) and Night (21-07); End of Night shift; 2 Rest days; b) 10 working in the surgical ward on a “3x8” shift system in a 6-day cycle with a “quick return”: Afternoon; Morning; Morning and Night; End of Night shift; 2 Rest days; c) 10 working in the delivery room on a “2x12” shift system in a 5-day cycle: Daywork (07-19); Nightwork (19-07); End of Night shift; 2 Rest days.
Seventeen nurses were women and 13 men, aged between 23 and 46 years (mean 34.3) and with work seniority between 1.4 and 28 years (mean 11.4). All were in good health and not taking any medication.
Methods: They have been submitted to a semi-structured interview including the Standard Shiftwork Index, the Job Demand-Control and the Effort Reward Imbalance questionnaires, the Epworth sleep scale. During the whole shift cycle, the nurses recorded their activity and rest periods by actigraphy and personal diaries, assessing sleepiness by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and quality of sleep by a 10-point visual scale. They also took saliva samples at 0700 and 2300 of each working and rest day for dosage of cortisol, cortisone and melatonin.
Results: The nurses reported more sleep troubles in both “3x8” than in “2x12” shift schedule. According to actigraphy, in both “3x8” shift schedules the duration of night sleep between afternoon and morning shifts is reduced by 35% as compared to rest days, and sleep between morning and night shifts in the same day lasts less than 3 hours on average, showing a significantly higher fragmentation in both occasions. Also subjective sleepiness is significantly higher before night shift in both “3x8” shift schedules than in the “2x12” one. In the surgery ward, where they can nap/sleep up to 3 hours during the night shift, the nurses have a 40% shorter sleep in the morning after. In the “2x12” shift schedule the night sleep duration between Day and Night shift is the same as in the rest days. As far as hormonal secretion, cortisol and cortisone did not change significantly their normal circadian phase in all the three shift schedules, whereas melatonin showed a more irregular pattern
Stress and sleep in nurses employed in ‘‘3X8’’ and ‘‘2X12’’ fast rotating shift schedules
No full textWe compared two "3 × 8" shift rotas with backward rotation and quick return (morning and night shift in the same day) in a 5- or 6-day shift cycle, and a "2 × 12" shift rota with forward rotation in a 5-d shift cycle. A total of 294 nurses (72.6% women, mean age 33.8) were examined in a survey on work-related stress, including the Standard Shiftwork Index. Ten nurses per each shift roster recorded their activity and rest periods by actigraphy, rated sleepiness and sleep quality, and collected salivary cortisol throughout the whole shift cycle. Nurses engaged in the "2 × 12" rota showed lower levels of sleep disturbances and, according to actigraphy, sleep duration was more balanced and less fragmented than in the "3 × 8" rosters. The counter-clockwise shift rotation and quick return of "3 × 8" schedules reduce possibility of sleep and recovery. The insertion of a morning shift before the day with quick return increases night sleep by about 1 h. Nurses who take a nap during the night shift require 40% less sleep in the morning after. The "2 × 12" clockwise roster, in spite of 50% increased length of shift, allows a better recovery and more satisfying leisure times, thanks to longer intervals between work periods. Sleepiness increased more during the night than day shifts in all rosters, but without significant difference between 8-h and 12-h rosters. However, the significantly higher level at the start of the night shift in the "3 × 8" rotas points out that the fast backward rotation with quick return puts the subjects in less efficient operational conditions. Some personal characteristics, such as morningness, lability to overcome drowsiness, flexibility of sleeping habits and age were significantly associated to sleep disturbances in nurses engaged in the "3 × 8" rotas, but not in the "2 × 12" schedule
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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