90 research outputs found
Use of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to Drive Personalized Medicine Approaches for Spine Care
No full textPersonalized medicine is a new paradigm of healthcare in which interventions are based on individual patient characteristics rather than on “one-size-fits-all” guidelines. As epidemiological datasets continue to burgeon in size and complexity, powerful methods such as statistical machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) become necessary to interpret and develop prognostic models from underlying data. Through such analysis, machine learning can be used to facilitate personalized medicine via its precise predictions. Additionally, other AI tools, such as natural language processing and computer vision, can play an instrumental part in personalizing the care provided to patients with spine disease. In the present report, we discuss the current strides made in incorporating AI into research on spine disease, especially traumatic spinal cord injury and degenerative spine disease. We describe studies using AI to build accurate prognostic models, extract important information from medical reports via natural language processing, and evaluate functional status in a granular manner using computer vision. Through a case illustration, we have demonstrated how these breakthroughs can facilitate an increased role for more personalized medicine and, thus, change the landscape of spine care
Changes in axonal physiology and morphology after chronic compressive injury of the rat thoracic spinal cord
No full textEffect of graded spinal cord compression on cardiovascular neurons in the rostro-ventro-lateral medulla
No full textStereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases: what are the risks and how do we minimize them?
No full textStudy Design. Systematic literature review. Objectives. To summarize the risks of, key complications of stereotactic body radiotherapy, SBRT, for spinal metastases, that is, radiation myelopathy, RM, vertebral compression fracture, VCF, and epidural disease progression, and to discuss strategies for minimizing them. Summary of Background Data. RM, VCF and epidural disease progression are now recognized as important risks following SBRT for spine metastases. It is unclear at this stage exactly how large these risks are and what strategies can be employed to minimize these risks. Methods. A systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE and a review of the bibliographies of reviewed articles on SBRT for spinal metastases were conducted. Results. The initial literature search revealed a total of, articles, of which, were pertinent to the study objectives. The risk of RM following SBRT was found to be dependent on the maximum dose to the spinal cord and estimated to be, if the recommended published thecal sac dose constraints are adhered to. The crude risk of VCF was, ., range, ., ., and, on average, were surgically salvaged. It has been shown that the risk of VCF is dependent on several anatomic and tumor-related factors including the SBRT dose per fraction. The crude risk of local failure at, year was, ., range, of which, range, occurred within the epidural space. The grade of epidural disease has been shown to be associated with the risk of local failure. Conclusion. The risk of RM after spinal SBRT is low in particular if recommended dose metrics are adhered to. There is a significant risk of both VCF and epidural disease progression after spinal SBRT. These risks can potentially be minimized by identifying the risk factors for these complications, and performing careful radiotherapy and surgical planning.Joe H. Chang, John H. Shin, Yoshiya J. Yamada, Addisu Mesfin, Michael G. Fehlings, Laurence D. Rhines and Arjun Sahga
Increased calpain I-mediated proteolysis, and preferential loss of dephosphorylated NF200, following traumatic spinal cord injury
No full textRole of L- and N-type calcium channels in the pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord white matter injury
No full textRiluzole improves outcome following ischemia–reperfusion injury to the spinal cord by preventing delayed paraplegia
No full textPyogenic spondylodiscitis: An overview
No full textAlthough uncommon, spontaneous and postoperative pyogenic spondylodiscitis entail major morbidity and may be associated with serious long-term sequelae. A review of the literature was done to advance our understanding of the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of these infections. The principles of conservative treatment are to establish an accurate microbiological diagnosis, treat with appropriate antibiotics, immobilize the spine, and closely monitor for spinal instability and neurological deterioration. The purpose of surgical treatment is to obtain multiple intraoperative cultures of bone and soft tissue, perform a thorough debridement of infected tissue and decompression of neural structures, and reconstruct the unstable spinal column with bone graft with or without concomitant instrumentation. Appropriate management requires aggressive medical treatment and, at times, surgical interventions. If recognized early and treated appropriately, a full recovery can often be expected. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the clinical presentation of such infections to improve patient outcome. © 2010 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.2
Spinal Cord Injury and Regeneration: A Critical Evaluation of Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies
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