40 research outputs found
Performance of weaned piglets as affected by phytogenics or antibiotics
No full textSteiner, T.; Kroismayr, A.; Sulabo, R.C.; Tokach, M.D.; Neher, F.. (2007). Performance of weaned piglets as affected by phytogenics or antibiotics. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/157073
An Update on the Latest Vitamin D Research in Swine
No full textDritz, S.S.; Flohr, J.R.; Tokach, M.D.; Goodband, R.G.; DeRouchey, J.M.; Woodworth, J.C.. (2013). An Update on the Latest Vitamin D Research in Swine. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/204356
Feed Efficiency: An Assessment of Current Knowledge from a Voluntary Subsample of the Swine Industry
No full textA voluntary sample of pork producers and advisers to the swine industry were surveyed about feed efficiency. The questionnaire was designed to accomplish three objectives: (a) determine the level of knowledge related to feed efficiency topics, (b) identify production practices used that influence feed efficiency, and (c) identify information gaps requiring additional knowledge to further improve feed efficiency. Results suggest that many practices that improve feed efficiency are used in production, but gaps in information and knowledge exist across demographics of respondents. Extension education should be expanded to provide more information in an easy-to-access format for the swine industry.This article is published as Flohr J.R., M.D. Tokach, J.M. DeRouchey, R.D. Goodband, S.S. Dritz, J.L. Nelssen, and J.F. Patience. 2014. Feed efficiency: An assessment of current knowledge from a voluntary subsample of the swine industry. J. Extension. 52:6RIB6. https://www.joe.org/joe/2014december/rb6.php. Posted with permission.</p
Effects of potential detoxifying agents on growth performance and deoxynivalenol (DON) urinary balance characteristics of nursery pigs fed DON-contaminated wheat
No full textCitation: Frobose, H. L., Stephenson, E. W., Tokach, M. D., DeRouchey, J. M., Woodworth, J. C., Dritz, S. S., & Goodband, R. D. (2017). Effects of potential detoxifying agents on growth performance and deoxynivalenol (DON) urinary balance characteristics of nursery pigs fed DON-contaminated wheat. Journal of Animal Science, 95(1), 327-337. doi:10.2527/jas2016.0664Two experiments were conducted to evaluate potential detoxifying agents on growth of nursery pigs fed deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated diets. Naturally DON-contaminated wheat (6 mg/kg) was used to achieve desired DON levels. In a 21-d study, 238 pigs (13.4 +/- 1.8 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement. Diets were: 1) Positive control (PC; < 0.5 mg/kg DON), 2) PC + 1.0% Product V (Nutriquest LLC, Mason City, IA), 3) Negative control (NC; 4.0 mg/kg DON), 4) NC + 1.0% Product V, and 5) NC + 1.0% sodium metabisulfite (SMB; Samirian Chemicals, Campbell, CA). There were 6 or 7 replicate pens/treatment and 7 pigs/pen. Analyzed DON was decreased by 92% when pelleted with SMB, but otherwise matched formulated levels. Overall, a DON x Product V interaction was observed for ADG (P < 0.05) with a tendency for an interaction for ADFI (P < 0.10). As anticipated, DON reduced (P < 0.001) ADG and ADFI, but the interaction was driven by even poorer growth when Product V was added to NC diets. Pigs fed NC diets had 10% poorer G: F (P < 0.001) than PC-fed pigs. Reductions in ADG due to DON were most distinct (50%) during the initial period. Adding SMB to NC diets improved (P < 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and G: F, and improved (P < 0.02) ADG and G: F compared to the PC diet. A urinary balance study was conducted using diets 3 to 5 from Exp. 1 to evaluate Product V and SMB on DON urinary metabolism. A 10 d adaptation was followed by a 7 d collection using 24 barrows in a randomized complete block design. Pigs fed NC + SMB diet had greater urinary DON output (P < 0.05) than pigs fed NC + Product V, with NC pigs intermediate. Daily DON excretion was lowest (P < 0.05) in the NC + SMB pigs. However, degradation of DON-sulfonate back to the parent DON molecule was observed as pigs fed NC + SMB excreted more DON than they consumed (164% of daily DON intake), greater (P < 0.001) than pigs fed the NC (59%) or NC + Product V (48%). Overall, Product V did not alleviate DON effects on growth nor did it reduce DON absorption and excretion. However, hydrothermally processing DON-contaminated diets with 1.0% SMB restored ADFI and improved G: F. Even so, the urinary balance experiment revealed that some of the converted DON-sulfonate can degrade back to DON under physiological conditions. While further research is needed to discern the stability of the DON-sulfonate, SMB appears promising to restore performance in pelleted DON-contaminated diets
FORMULA-DERIVED VERSUS OBSERVED MARKET PRICES: AN APPLICATION FOR SEGREGATED EARLY WEANED PIGS
No full textA formula (the "K-State formula") for deriving the price of segregated early weaned (SEW) pigs using corn, soybean meal, and market hog prices was estimated based on equating return on investment for the different phases of swine production farrow, nursery, and finish. USDA reported SEW pig prices were compared with prices derived from the K-State formula and several other common formulas. Based on root mean squared error and mean absolute error accuracy measures, the K-State formula did a better job of predicting spot-market prices than the other formulas. In terms of the K-State formula accurately predicting spot market prices, producers appear to form price expectations based on futures plus expected basis more so than simply futures prices or current cash prices. However, the manner in which the formula is used (i.e., method of choosing price expectations) will depend on the risk attitudes of the buyer and seller as well as the nature of their business relationship. Developing pricing formulas based on the framework outlined here (equal returns on investment) has merit for establishing prices in the absence of publicly reported information, however, it is important that users of the formula understand the conceptual framework of how and why it was developed.Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing,
Economic impact of transitioning from gestation stalls to group pen housing in the U.S. pork industry
No full textLivestock Production/Industries,
Lysine requirements of finishing boars and gilts: A meta-analysis
No full textThe expected increase in boar (pig entire male) production while societal concerns for castration increase requires good estimations of their nutrient requirements. In this work, a meta-analytical approach was used to overcome the inconsistent results between studies that compared lysine requirements of boars and gilts. For this meta-analysis, data from 14 different studies analysing the effect of increasing dietary lysine on growth performance of finishing pigs, 70–100 kg average body weight, were extracted from 11 publications. Those studies represented 128 different treatments (53 for boars and 75 for gilts). Diets were reformulated based on NRC (2012) ingredient values to calculate standardized ileal digestible lysine to net energy ratio (SID Lys:NE) and daily SID Lys intake using average daily feed intake (ADFI). As expected, no evidence for differences in ADFI (P = 0.303) was observed between boars and gilts. However, boars grew faster (P < 0.001) and had higher gain to feed (G:F; P < 0.001). The divergent effect of SID Lys:NE on average daily gain (ADG) and G:F was analysed in a quadratic polynomial model showing different parameters for each sex (P < 0.001). Although performance between sexes was similar at low SID Lys:NE, differences were greater at higher SID Lys:NE. Furthermore, broken-line linear, broken-line quadratic (BLQ) and quadratic polynomial (QP) models were fitted to each sex to determine SID Lys:NE and SID Lys daily intake requirements to maximize ADG and G:F. Overall, QP models showed the best fit, and reported that to reach maximum ADG 0.88 (95% CI:[0.82–0.94]) or 1.01 (95% CI:[0.91–1.11]) g SID Lys/MJ, NE was required for gilts and boars, respectively. However, boar ADG was best fitted by BLQ using SID Lys daily intake as independent variable, with the requirement for maximum ADG at 24.2 (95% CI:[21.3–27.2]) g SID Lys/day. The three models reported wide confidence intervals for the requirements at maximum performance, and consequently those were overlapped when comparing boars and gilts. Maximum boars’ productive performance when dietary lysine was not limiting was 116% of gilts, and at those levels the amount of SID Lys intake required per kg gain was similar between both sexes. Thus, because ADFI and Lys efficiency of gain was similar, the requirement differences were driven by the increased growth rate and gain to feed ratio between boars and gilts. In conclusion, the present study confirmed a greater productive response of boars compared to gilts when increasing dietary lysine
The effects of dietary fat supplementation on grower/finisher pig performance and digestibility
No full textCereals have traditionally been used in the pig industry as the main source of energy in pig diets. However, due to variable composition, differences in nutritive value between cereal types and the availability and price of cereals, alternative sources of energy have been considered, for example, the addition of fat. The use of fat as an energy source for pigs has been shown to increase digestibility of nutrients (Asplund et al., 1960; Berschauer, 1984; Jones et al., 1992; Lewis and Southern, 2001) and (or) improve growth rate (Myer and Combs, 1991; Bauden et al., 2003; Campbell, 2005; Philpotts et al., 2008; Collins et al., 2009a), however, studies on the effects of adding fat to swine diets have yielded variable results. Nevertheless, some recent information (Campbell, 2005; Philpotts et al., 2008; Collins et al., 2009a) has shown that added fat can be of benefit to growing/finishing pigs under commercial situations where there are often a number of constraints, such as increased stocking density and decreased feeder access (Campbell, 2005), that might create conditions where added fats in diets is beneficial because of its higher energy concentration.
A review by Pettigrew and Moser (1991) concluded that there was a consistent improvement in growth rate and reduction in feed intake and improvement in feed:gain when fat is added to the diet of growing/finishing pigs. In addition to the level of fat per se in the diet influencing production and digestibility, the type of fat (i.e., saturated versus unsaturated fat), and the ratio of fat types are also likely to influence any responses (Mu, 2007). Differences in the fatty acids composition and the ratio of unsaturated:saturated fatty acids (UFA:SFA) in the fat source are also likely to cause variations in production and digestibility (Stahly, 1984). To date and to my knowledge, comprehensive studies investigating these factors that link production measurements to estimates of digestibility have not been conducted.
With this in mind, the overall aims of this thesis were as follows;
1. Determine whether the use of added fat, either as beef tallow (BT) or canola oil (CO), to increase the digestible energy (DE) content in diets above current recommendations would improve measures of production and an estimate of the cost of any production gain;
2. Determine the optimum feeding strategy for diets containing different types and levels of added fat in the growing/finishing period;
3. Determine the effects of fat type, either as BT or CO, the level of fat in the diet and the dietary UFA:SFA ratio acids on estimates of digestibility of selected nutrients and diet components when assessed at the ileum and in the faeces.
The specific hypotheses examined in this thesis were as follows;
1. Supplementing grower/finisher diets with up to 8% added fat would improve feed conversion ratio (FCR) and growth performance without being detrimental to carcass quality (P2 backfat thickness);
2. Feeding supplemental fat only in the finisher period would enhance production and lower costs, as no supplemental fat would be necessary in the grower period. However, eliminating fat in the finisher period, if already present in a grower diet, would be detrimental to growth performance;
3. Pigs fed diets with added CO would have a higher digestibility (ileal and total tract) than pigs fed diets containing BT;
4. A higher UFA:SFA ratio would significantly improve nutrient digestibility;
5. Increasing dietary fat level would slow rate of passage
