24 research outputs found
Modifications culturelles et comportamentales entre Moustérien et Aurignacien au sud des Alpes.
No full text
Adaptive incremental transfer learning for efficient performance modeling of big data workloads
No full textThis manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/. This version of the article has been accepted for publication in Future Generation Computer Systems. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.107730The algorithms, evaluation metrics, cross-validation methods, and resources used in this study are openly available at https://github.com/mgarralda/garralda-performance-model. Further details can be obtained from the corresponding author on reasonable request.[Abstract]: The rise of data-intensive scalable computing systems, such as Apache Spark, has transformed data processing by enabling the efficient manipulation of large datasets across machine clusters. However, system configuration to optimize performance remains a challenge. This paper introduces an adaptive incremental transfer learning approach to predicting workload execution times. By integrating both unsupervised and supervised learning, we develop models that adapt incrementally to new workloads and configurations. To guide the optimal selection of relevant workloads, the model employs the coefficient of distance variation (CdV) and the coefficient of quality correlation (CqC), combined in the exploration–exploitation balance coefficient (EEBC). Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate the robustness and reliability of our model for performance modeling in Spark applications, with average improvements of up to 31% over state-of-the-art methods. This research contributes to efficient performance tuning systems by enabling transfer learning from historical workloads to new, previously unseen workloads. The full source code is openly available.This work has been supported by the National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation of the Spanish Government, Spain (Grant PID2019-109238GB-C22 and PID2023-147404OB-I00), and by the Xunta de Galicia (Grant ED431C 2022/44) with the European Union ERDF funds, Spain. CITIC, as Research Center accredited by Galician University System, is funded by “Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade from Xunta de Galicia, Spain ”, supported in an 80% through ERDF Operational Programme Galicia 2014–2020, and the remaining 20% by “Secretaría Xeral de Universidades” (Grant ED431G 2023/01).Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2022/44Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2023/0
Do associations between objectively-assessed physical activity and neighbourhood environment attributes vary by time of the day and day of the week? IPEN adult study
No full textabstract: Background
To more accurately quantify the potential impact of the neighbourhood environment on adults’ physical activity (PA), it is important to compare environment-PA associations between periods of the day or week when adults are more versus less likely to be in their neighbourhood and utilise its PA resources. We examined whether, among adults from 10 countries, associations between objectively-assessed neighbourhood environment attributes and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) varied by time of the day and day of the week. The secondary aim was to examine whether such associations varied by employment status, gender and city.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 6,712 adults from 14 cities across 10 countries with ≥1 day of valid accelerometer-assessed MVPA and complete information on socio-demographic and objectively-assessed environmental characteristics within 0.5 and 1 km street-network buffers around the home. Accelerometer measures (MVPA min/h) were created for six time periods from early morning until late evening/night, for weekdays and weekend days separately. Associations were estimated using generalized additive mixed models.
Results
Time of the day, day of week, gender and employment status were significant moderators of environment-MVPA associations. Land use mix was positively associated with MVPA in women who were employed and in men irrespective of their employment status. The positive associations between MVPA and net residential density, intersection density and land use mix were stronger in the mornings of weekdays and the afternoon/evening periods of both weekdays and weekend days. Associations between number of parks and MVPA were stronger in the mornings and afternoon/evenings irrespective of day of the week. Public transport density showed consistent positive associations with MVPA during weekends, while stronger effects on weekdays were observed in the morning and early evenings.
Conclusions
This study suggests that space and time constraints in adults’ daily activities are important factors that determine the impact of neighbourhood attributes on PA. Consideration of time-specific associations is important to better characterise the magnitude of the effects of the neighbourhood environment on PA. Future research will need to examine the contribution of built environment characteristics of areas surrounding other types of daily life centres (e.g., workplaces) to explaining adults’ PA at specific times of the day.The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-017-0493-
Opiniones de farmacéuticos que trabajan en un grupo de farmacias cuya diferenciación es la prestación de servicios de atención farmacéutica. El caso de Farmacias Trébol
No full textIntroducción: Nos pareció importante estudiar los métodos de trabajo de un grupo de farmacéuticos que ya tienen implantados los servicios de atención farmacéutica (AF) en sus farmacias, con el objetivo de explorar cómo actúan algunos profesionales a la hora de implantar y desarrollar dichos servicios.
Método: Durante la segunda quincena de septiembre de 2009 se realizaron 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas a farmacéuticos del grupo Trébol en los distintos establecimientos y locales en Madrid, en las que participaron farmacéuticos que trabajan en las zonas de atención personalizada (ZAP) y otros que desarrollan su labor en el mostrador de las farmacias.
Resultados: Algunos entrevistados creen que sólo en las farmacias grandes pueden desarrollarse servicios. Es mejor que la ZAP sea visible desde el exterior, para que llame la atención. Los mostradores individuales favorecen la privacidad. Trabajar con objetivos numéricos es uno de los elementos que facilitan la implantación de estos servicios, que a su vez se traducen en beneficios económicos. Los farmacéuticos entrevistados que trabajan en ZAP están satisfechos con el trabajo que realizan. La AF mejora la imagen de
la farmacia en la que se ofrece, y aumenta las ventas farmacéuticas. Algunos afirman que el futuro pasa por convertir la farmacia en un centro de salud, con presencia de profesionales sanitarios de distintos campos, para que el paciente encuentre todos los servicios relacionados con la salud en un único establecimiento.
Conclusiones: En Farmacias Trébol se entiende que la AF es una estrategia de negocio que permite la diferenciación respecto a las demás farmacias, es rentable y fideliza a los pacientes
Opiniones de farmacéuticos que trabajan en un grupo de farmacias cuya diferenciación es la prestación de servicios de atención farmacéutica. El caso de Farmacias Trébol
No full textIntroducción: Nos pareció importante estudiar los métodos de trabajo de un grupo de farmacéuticos que ya tienen implantados los servicios de atención farmacéutica (AF) en sus farmacias, con el objetivo de explorar cómo actúan algunos profesionales a la hora de implantar y desarrollar dichos servicios.
Método: Durante la segunda quincena de septiembre de 2009 se realizaron 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas a farmacéuticos del grupo Trébol en los distintos establecimientos y locales en Madrid, en las que participaron farmacéuticos que trabajan en las zonas de atención personalizada (ZAP) y otros que desarrollan su labor en el mostrador de las farmacias.
Resultados: Algunos entrevistados creen que sólo en las farmacias grandes pueden desarrollarse servicios. Es mejor que la ZAP sea visible desde el exterior, para que llame la atención. Los mostradores individuales favorecen la privacidad. Trabajar con objetivos numéricos es uno de los elementos que facilitan la implantación de estos servicios, que a su vez se traducen en beneficios económicos. Los farmacéuticos entrevistados que trabajan en ZAP están satisfechos con el trabajo que realizan. La AF mejora la imagen de
la farmacia en la que se ofrece, y aumenta las ventas farmacéuticas. Algunos afirman que el futuro pasa por convertir la farmacia en un centro de salud, con presencia de profesionales sanitarios de distintos campos, para que el paciente encuentre todos los servicios relacionados con la salud en un único establecimiento.
Conclusiones: En Farmacias Trébol se entiende que la AF es una estrategia de negocio que permite la diferenciación respecto a las demás farmacias, es rentable y fideliza a los pacientes
"I had to give up so, so much": a narrative study to investigate the impact of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) on the lives of young people.
No full textThe aim of this research was to explore the experiences of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome among a small group of adolescents, through three research questions: What are the personal experiences of young people with CFS – how does the condition affect their daily lives – including educational, social and psychological perspectives. Secondly, how does CFS impact family life – how does the condition influence not only the lives of sufferers but also those closest to them? Finally, can the knowledge base be deepened to help guide practice for those caring for the needs of adolescent CFS sufferers and their families?
The study used a narrative approach in an attempt to capture young people‘s stories, and to provide a window of insight into the personal impacts of CFS on the lives of individuals. Open-ended interviews with eight young CFS sufferers (11 to 18 year olds) were employed that explored personal experiences of CFS. In addition four email interviews were conducted with primary caregivers to explore the impacts of CFS from a carers perspective.
Five themes arose from a generic qualitative analysis of data - adolescent CFS is experienced as: (1) having to adapt to debilitating physical symptoms; (2) living with changes in family relationships and loved one‟s life experiences; (3) living with isolation and a disruption to a full and satisfying teenage life; and (4) feeling misunderstood and judged. Also a fifth and universal overarching theme, that CFS in adolescents is experienced as having to put life on hold. This is a major life adjustment, not only for the individual sufferers but for their family members also, who have to adapt to a new way of life accommodating for the limitations of one member.
The implications for clinical practice and further research are discussed
Human remains in the Ardines karstic massif: Tito Bustillo and La Lloseta caves (Asturias, Spain)
No full textSeveral important prehistoric sites are placed in the Ardines karstic massif (Ribadesella, Asturias, Northern Spain), highlighting Tito Bustillo and La Lloseta caves, where different human remains have been found. In the so-called XI area of Tito Bustillo cave, a buried skeleton was found (Tito Bustillo 1), dating to the eighth millennium cal BC and assigned to an adult male, with remarkable skeletal robusticity. Furthermore, near the original entrance of Tito Bustillo cave, several isolated postcranial human remains (Tito Bustillo 2) possibly from a destroyed Neolithic burial have been identified. In another site, La Lloseta cave, near the entrance to the lower gallery, an isolated incomplete skull was discovered. Several of the presumed skull bone fragments were dated to the twelfth-millennium cal BC. To verify its antiquity a cranium sample has been directly dated with a result corresponding to the eighteen-millennium cal BC. Most of the individual's neurocranium is preserved, filled with cemented breccia and sediment. We present a detailed bioanthropological study of the fossils from both caves, including Computed Tomography performed on Tito Bustillo 1 and La Lloseta. The studied fossils provide new information about the dwellers of the Sella Valley from the end of the Palaeolithic to the Mesolithic and Neolithic.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu
Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Predicts Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumors Based on PD-L1 Expression
No full textDeep learning; Immunotherapy; Solid tumorsAprenentatge profund; Immunoteràpia; Tumors sòlidsAprendizaje profundo; Inmunoterapia; Tumores sólidosProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) IHC is the most commonly used biomarker for immunotherapy response. However, quantification of PD-L1 status in pathology slides is challenging. Neither manual quantification nor a computer-based mimicking of manual readouts is perfectly reproducible, and the predictive performance of both approaches regarding immunotherapy response is limited. In this study, we developed a deep learning (DL) method to predict PD-L1 status directly from raw IHC image data, without explicit intermediary steps such as cell detection or pigment quantification. We trained the weakly supervised model on PD-L1–stained slides from the non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) cohort (N = 233) and validated it on the pan-cancer-Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) cohort (N = 108). We also investigated the performance of the model to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in terms of progression-free survival. In the pan-cancer-VHIO cohort, the performance was compared with tumor proportion score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS). The DL model showed good performance in predicting PD-L1 expression (TPS ≥ 1%) in both NSCLC-MSK and pan-cancer-VHIO cohort (AUC 0.88 ± 0.06 and 0.80 ± 0.03, respectively). The predicted PD-L1 status showed an improved association with response to ICIs [HR: 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 1–2.3), P = 0.049] compared with TPS [HR: 1.4 (0.96–2.2), P = 0.082] and CPS [HR: 1.2 (0.79–1.9), P = 0.386]. Notably, our explainability analysis showed that the model does not just look at the amount of brown pigment in the IHC slides, but also considers morphologic factors such as lymphocyte conglomerates. Overall, end-to-end weakly supervised DL shows potential for improving patient stratification for cancer immunotherapy by analyzing PD-L1 IHC, holistically integrating morphology and PD-L1 staining intensity.
Significance:
The weakly supervised DL model to predict PD-L1 status from raw IHC data, integrating tumor staining intensity and morphology, enables enhanced patient stratification in cancer immunotherapy compared with traditional pathologist assessment.J.N. Kather is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Health (DEEP LIVER, ZMVI1-2520DAT111) and the Max-Eder-Programme of the German Cancer Aid (grant no. 70113864), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (PEARL, 01KD2104C; CAMINO, 01EO2101; SWAG, 01KD2215A; TRANSFORM LIVER, 031L0312A; TANGERINE, 01KT2302 through ERA-NET Transcan), the German Academic Exchange Service (SECAI, 57616814), the German Federal Joint Committee (Transplant.KI, 01VSF21048) the European Union's Horizon Europe and innovation programme (ODELIA, 101057091; GENIAL, 101096312) and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR, NIHR213331) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. R. Perez-Lopez is supported by LaCaixa Foundation, a CRIS Foundation Talent Award (TALENT19-05), the FERO Foundation, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Investigacion en Salud (PI18/01395 and PI21/01019) and the Prostate Cancer Foundation (18YOUN19). M. Ligero is supported by the PERIS PIF-Salut Grant. As per the ICMJE guidelines of April 2023, we hereby disclose that the following artificial intelligence tools were used to write this article: ChatGPT-4 for checking and correcting spelling and grammar
