2,189 research outputs found
Thermoeffector thresholds and preferred ambient temperatures of the FOK rat
No full text The FOK is an inbred rat strain with a genotypic adaptation to hot environments. The present study compared the thermoeffector thresholds and preferred ambient temperatures (Tpref) of the FOK rat with those of other rat strains. Male FOK, WKAH, and Donryu rats were used. First, they were loosely restrained and placed individually in a metabolic chamber with an ambient temperature of 26.0°C. Their hypothalamic temperature (Thy), tail skin temperature (Tsk), and heat production ( M) were measured. After thermal equilibrium had been attained, the rats were gradually warmed and then cooled using an intravenous thermode. The threshold Thy values for tail skin vasodilation and cold-induced thermogenesis were defined as the points at which sharp increases in Tskand M occurred, respectively. The two thresholds of the FOK rat were lower than those of the WKAH and Donryu rats. In a second set of experiments, the FOK and WKAH rats were placed individually in a thermocline. Their intra-abdominal temperatures (Tab) were measured by a biotelemetry system, and the rats’ Tpref values were estimated with the thermal gradient. Mean Tab and Tpref over a 24-h period for the FOK rat were significantly lower than those of the WKAH rat. The results suggest that in the FOK rat the control ranges of autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation are lower than those of the other rat strains examined. This contributes to the maintenance of core temperature at low levels. </jats:p
Correction to “Seasonal variations in the subauroral electron temperature enhancement” by M.-C. Fok et al.
No full text
Recognition without identification (RWI) and the feeling of knowing (FOK): a comparison of retrospective and prospective-based familiarity judgments
No full text2010 Summer.Includes bibliographic references (pages 51-54).Covers not scanned.Print version deaccessioned 2022.Recognition without identification (RWI) and the feeling of knowing (FOK) are two memory paradigms that attempt to tap awareness of memory states in the absence of identification of a target. Although both RWI and FOKs have been described using the example of recognizing a face as familiar without recalling who that person is, no empirical evidence has yet demonstrated that they are based on a common underlying mechanism. The presented studies attempted to directly compare RWI and FOK judgments by utilizing a hybrid paradigm containing commonly used RWI and FOK methodologies that differed by a single manipulation of instruction type. The data demonstrated that participants gave significantly different patterns of ratings in the RWI condition than the FOK condition, suggesting different underlying mechanisms of RWI and FOK judgments
First autochthonous Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) infection in a dog in Hungary
No full textA 4 year-old, male Hungarian Vizsla dog which had never been abroad was referred with poor general condition, decrease in body weight, haematemesis and jaundice to the Central Clinic of Veterinary Science University, Budapest. After symptomatic treatment abdominal ultrasonography and diagnostic laparatomy were carried out. The dog was humanely euthanized two days later following owner’s consent because of sudden worsening of clinical conditions. Two adult heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis) were found in the right ventricle partially coiling around the tricuspid valve. PCR on blood was positive for both D. immitis and Dirofilaria repens while only D. repens microfilariae were found by modified Knott’s test and the serological test was negative for D. immitis antigens. This is the first, confirmed report of autochthonous canine heartworm infection in Hungary
Prevalence of Setaria equina microfilaraemia in horses in Hungary
No full textPeripheral blood samples were collected randomly from 195 horses in various parts of Hungary, and the presence of microfilariae was evaluated by the Knott technique. On the basis of morphological identification 18 of the horses (9-2 per cent) were infected with Setaria equina, and the infection was confirmed in 10 animals by PCR and sequencing. The level of microfilaraemia was between 1 and 1138 larvae in 2 ml of blood. There was no correlation between the time of sampling or the sex of the animals (stallions versus mares) and the prevalence of infection, but the prevalence decreased with age. There was a significant association between the prevalence of microfilaraemia and the presence of still waters; positive samples were collected either in the region of Lake Balaton, the largest lake in the country, or at places with nearby ponds
Canine filarioid infections in an area of North-West Italy (Liguria) traditionally considered free from the disease
No full textINTRODUCTION: Canine filarioid infections are widespread throughout the world and steadily increasing despite prophylaxis. New cases in dogs and in humans have occurred in many countries and regions that were previously considered to be free or for which epidemiological data were not available. The aim of this work is to report the presence of different species of filarioid nematodes in dogs in an area of north-west Italy (Liguria), traditionally considered free from the disease and where prophylaxis is not implemented.
METHODS: Between 2009 and 2012 blood samples were collected from 365 dogs living in rural areas of Liguria (in the provinces of Savona and Imperia) and submitted to Knott’s test, histochemical staining, PCR targeting part of the 5.8S-ITS2-28S gene, and ELISA for Dirofilaria immitis antigens (Dirocheck, Synbiotics®). In addition serological data were analysed for D. immitis antigens that had been collected by the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS, section of Imperia) between 2004 and 2013 during the annual control for leishmaniosis. An average of 1285 dogs/year (range 417-2089) from the four Ligurian provinces (Imperia, Savona, Genoa, La Spezia) had been tested.
RESULTS: Thirty-five dogs were positive to Knott's test for microfilariae (prevalence 9.6%, 95% Confidence Interval: 6.6-12.6%): Acanthocheilonema reconditum was the most common species (8.0%), while Dirofilaria repens (1.4%) and D. immitis (0.6%) were less common. Co-infection by D. repens and A. reconditum was observed in one dog. All morphological identifications were confirmed by histochemical staining and PCR followed by sequencing.
Five dogs out of 365 (prevalence 1.4%, 95% CI: 0.2-2.6%) were positive to the ELISA test for antigens of D. immitis. Of these, two dogs were positive to Knott's test for microfilariae of D. immitis, while the other three did not present circulating microfilariae (occult filarioidosis). Analysis of the IZS data showed an average annual serological prevalence of 0.6% for D. immitis in the whole region.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirm that canine filarioid infections are increasing in Italy in areas that were once free, as is happening in many other countries worldwide, in particular in Central and Eastern Europe and South America. Prior to the present study, in our study area there had been only a few reports of cases of unidentified microfilaremia in 1986 and of one case of D. repens in a dog in Genoa in 1995.This study
contributes to the epidemiological map of filarioid infections in Italy, and suggests the need for prophylaxis in this region. In addition, the widespread presence of different species of filarioid nematodes in the provinces of Imperia and Savona suggests the need to enlarge the study using Knott’s test and PCR also in dogs living in the other districts for which only preliminary serological data concerning D. immitis are available. The zoonotic potential of
these parasites must also be considered in relation to tourism in the area, which attracts many visitors from other European countries, often travelling with dogs
Effects of Context and Age on Feeling of Knowing (FOK) Judgments
No full textElectronic Thesis or DissertationIn two experiments we wanted to examine how does age and context influence FOK ratings and recognition memory. In Experiment 1 we found age and context have no influence on FOK and recognition memory but influences subjective memory ratings such as recollection and familiarity to a greater extent. Older adults specifically seem to have higher subjective ratings for recollection and familiarity between old and new scenes compared to younger adults. In Experiment 2, explicit instruction was added to draw attention away from context. We found with explicit instruction, older adults have higher ratings overall for FOK judgments and higher subjective memory ratings for recollection and familiarity compared to younger adults. Results may help us to understand how FOK judgments are made as we age in addition to importance of contextual information in subjective memory in aging
Dialogue expertise in man-machine systems
No full textThe present paper considers the nature of interaction in man-machine systems with special attention to the role of dialogue. Based upon this understanding, a concept of 'dialogue expertise' is derived in a specific facility for mediation. In particular, it is the ability to mediate between user and system so as to (one way) map operator objectives onto system functions, and (the other way) express systems states in terms which are meaningful to the operator. This leads to the view that dialogue expertise is feasible in man-machine sytems through the use of functional separation in the design of interface systems
Stormtime ring current heating of the ionosphere and plasmasphere Numerical information for the figures
No full textThis archive contains data files needed to reproduce selected figures from the following manuscript:
Stormtime ring current heating of the ionosphere and plasmasphere
by J. Krall, M.-C. Fok, J. D. Huba, and A. Glocer
This manuscript was submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Space
Physics in February, 2022
Specifically, this archive contains one IDL file for each figure. If run, the
IDL script reads one or more of the datasets and re-creates the figure.
Each IDL script is a text-formatted file with a header that explains each file.
Individual datasets are either text-formatted or unformatted FORTRAN data
files. Also included is a namelist file giving SAMI3 input parameters
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