228 research outputs found
Internal Facilitation by Health Assistants for the “WHO Lay Health Worker Dementia Care” in Rural Uganda: A Formative Evaluation
No full textEdith K Wakida,1,2 Celestino Obua,2 Godfrey Zari Rukundo,3 Mary Samantha,2 Samuel Maling,4 Christine K Karungi,2 Zohray M Talib,1 Jessica Haberer,5,6 Stephen J Bartels5,6 1Department of Medical Education, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, USA; 2Department of Research and Development, Alpha Center for Research Administration, Mbarara, Uganda; 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 4Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 6Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USACorrespondence: Edith K Wakida, Email [email protected]: Dementia is characterized by cognitive symptoms like memory loss, difficulty with language, and impaired judgment, alongside behavioral and psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and aggression. Early diagnosis and tailored care are essential for managing these symptoms, improving quality of life, and reducing caregiver burden. Dementia affects a substantial portion of older people globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda, where rural healthcare systems face challenges in dementia care access. To address these needs, we gathered key stakeholders’ perspectives on a culturally tailored model employing lay health workers, supported by health assistants as internal facilitators, to implement the World Health Organization dementia toolkit in rural communities.Methods: We conducted a formative qualitative study, utilizing one-on-one interviews with health assistants, district health team members, and primary healthcare providers in rural Uganda. We solicited their perspectives on implementing the World Health Organization dementia toolkit at the village level. The integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework guided data collection and analysis, focusing on implementation support, process improvement, and practice sustainment.Results: Strong support was found for health assistants’ roles in facilitating lay health worker-led dementia care at the community level. Health assistants’ familiarity with lay health workers and pre-established structures were considered facilitating factors. Key challenges included knowledge gaps in dementia care and limited resources. Participants emphasized the importance of training, mentorship, and standardized reporting tools to enhance the implementation of dementia care. They recommended providing the health assistants with job guides, updated reporting templates to collect dementia indicators, and orientation on what they should do during internal facilitation with the lay health workers using the dementia toolkit.Conclusion: Health assistants’ internal facilitation provides a promising strategy for scaling dementia care in rural Uganda by leveraging community-based lay health workers. Addressing identified knowledge gaps, communication needs, and resource constraints will be essential to sustaining dementia care interventions in these communities.Keywords: dementia care, internal facilitation, lay health workers, Uganda, rural health, i-PARIHS framewor
Electronic Cigarettes Vs. Regular Tobacco Cigarettes
No full textSmoking is one of the most talked about subject in public health. the use of electronic cigarettes is becoming increasingly popular among smokers world wide. Smoking E- cigarettes is thought to be healthier than smoking regular tobacco cigarettes. As stated by the Centers of Disease Control and prevention (2014), cigarette smoking causes 480,000 deaths every year in the United States; that is about one in five deaths. Although, electronic cigarettes are being marketed and promoted as being healthier to smoke compared to regular tobacco cigarettes, electronic cigarettes are just as harmful to the human body as tobacco cigarettes are. For my thesis project, I am going to do a podcast. I plan on writing a descriptive script of information regarding my topic. Also, I will be working with faculty from the communications department as guidance on making a podcast. Doing a podcast on electronic cigarettes is a good way to provide information because there is not enough information of the health risks of electronic cigarettes. A podcast also provides a different way of obtaining the information for learners
Nitrate leaching from construction sites to groundwater in the Nottingham, UK, urban area
No full textNitrate pollution has been identified as a major water quality issue in the UK. The aim of this project is to research the rate of nitrate leaching to groundwater that arises from construction works. The study area is situated in Nottingham UK, which is situated on the Triassic Sandstone aquifer. Soil samples up to a depth of 2.50 m were taken from three sites under construction and other land use. The results have shown a high variability in the concentrations of soil-nitrate. The reasons for this variability include soil type, past land use, soil treatment and type of vegetation prior to construction works. The average nitrogen load was 65 kg N ha−1 which is higher than the nitrate leaching observed when temporary grassland is ploughed during autumn. The highest nitrate concentrations were observed in an allotment site (133 kg N ha−1) due to the high amount of manure applied at this location. The construction practice of top soil stripping can produce a reduction of nitrate leaching because it removes the part of the soil that contains most of the potentially mineralizable nitrogen.</jats:p
Presence of roughtail stingray Bathytoshia centroura (Elasmobranchii: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico
No full textA Bathytoshia centroura female of 181 cm disk width was found during the monitoring of small scale fishery in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. The specimen was caught by a gill net vessel at 32 km northeastern of the port of Sanchez Magallanes, at 78 m depth. Large size and spacing of mid-dorsal bucklers, conspicuous tubercles on the outer parts of disc and tail with numerous rows of small spines were used to verify the identification. The presence of this species in the southeast of the Gulf of Mexico is reported, increasing up to five, the number of the species of the subfamily Dasyatinae in this zone
Aspectos biol\uf3gicos del pleco invasor Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Teleostei: Loricariidae) en el r\uedo Palizada, Campeche, M\ue9xico
No full textCross-generational Formant Analysis of Tokyo Japanese
No full textこの研究は、二世代の東京出身者の母音のフォルマントを分析することで、母音の発音に世代差があることを指摘する。データには『日本語話し言葉コーパス』を使用し、そのうち生年代が約30 年離れた東京出身の高年層男性9 人と若年層男性10 人を選び出して、特定の条件を満たす母音のフォルマントを計測した。このようにして得られたF1・F2・F3 の計測値に、世代間で有意な差が見られるのかを分散分析によって統計的に検定した。また、世代間に大きな身長差（声道の長さの差）がある可能性も考慮し、全てのサンプルに正規化の処理を施した上で、同様に検定した。その結果、計測値においても正規化後の数値においても有意差が示されたイとエのF2 には世代差があると判断でき、これら2 つの母音に関しては、若年層のF2 が相対的に小さくなっており、前舌母音の中舌化が進行していることが示された。The present paper examines the formants of the five vowels (/i/ , /e/ , /a/ , /o/ and /u/) of Tokyo Japanese, and reveals that the F2 values for the two front vowels (/i/ and /e/) are significantly smaller in the younger generation than in the older generation. We analyzed the speech and transcripts of male Tokyo Japanese native speakers contained in NINJAL\u27s "Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese." The speakers are categorized into two groups: 9 older speakers born between 1930 and 1944, and 10 younger speakers born between 1975 and 1984. The author measured F1, F2 and F3 values for the 818 tokens that met conditions, such as undisrupted phonation. To test if the formant values of the two generation groups are statistically different, ANOVA (analysis of variance) was conducted first on the raw data, and then on the normalized data on the supposition that the two cohorts had significantly different vocal tract lengths. Both ANOVA analyses indicate that the F2 values for /i/ and /e/ are significantly smaller in the younger generation. The present article concludes that the front vowels are in the process of unfronting or centralizing.論文 Article
Synthesis, Secretion, Degradation, and Fate of Ameloblastin During the Matrix Formation Stage of the Rat Incisor as Shown by Immunocytochemistry and Immunochemistry Using Region-specific Antibodies
No full textRat ameloblastin is a recently cloned tooth-specific enamel matrix protein containing 422 amino acid residues. We investigated the expression of this protein during the matrix formation stage of the rat incisor immunohistochemically and immunochemically, using anti-synthetic peptide antibodies that recognize residues 27–47 (Nt), 98–107 (M-1), 224–232 (M-2), 386–399 (M-3), and 406–419 (Ct) of ameloblastin. Immunohistochemical preparations using antibodies Nt and M-1 stained the Golgi apparatus and secretory granules of the secretory ameloblast and the entire thickness of the enamel matrix. Only M-1 intensely stained the peripheral region of the enamel rods. Immunostained protein bands were observed near 65, 55, and below 22 kD. Immunohistochemical preparations using antibodies M-2 and Ct stained the Golgi apparatus and secretory granules of the ameloblast and the immature enamel adjacent to the secretion sites, but not deeper enamel layers. Immunostaining using M-2 and Ct revealed protein bands near 65 and 40–56 kD, and 65, 55, 48, 36, and 25 kD, respectively. M-3 stained the cis side of the Golgi apparatus but not the enamel matrix. This antibody recognized a protein band near 55 kD, but none larger. After brefeldin A treatment, immunoreaction of the 55-kD protein band intensified, and dilated cisternae of rER of the secretory ameloblast contained immunoreactive material irrespective of the antibodies used. These data indicate that ameloblastin is synthesized as a 55-kD core protein and then is post-translationally modified with O-linked oligosaccharides to become the 65-kD secretory form. Initial cleavages of the 65-kD protein generate N-terminal polypeptides, some of which concentrate in the prism sheath, and C-terminal polypeptides, which are rapidly degraded and lost from the enamel matrix soon after secretion.</jats:p
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Novel Nonreducing-Sugar Subunit Analogues of Lipid A Carrying 2-Acyloxytetradecanoyl and 2-Hydroxyacyl Groups of Different Carbon Chain Length.
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