93 research outputs found

    Palestine: A Theoretical Model of an Investment- Constrained Economy

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    The sixty-year-old Israeli-Palestinian conflict has deeply influenced the evolution of the Palestinian economy. In the last two decades persistent political instability and the Israeli closure policy have been sources of protracted economic stagnation and poor capital formation. This paper describes the consequences on the Palestinian economy of two particular conditions: high transaction costs and market fragmentation. We use a simple one-sector model which describes Palestine as a demand-driven economy and Palestinian capital accumulation as linked to desired investments by Palestinian firms. Within this framework, we show that high transaction costs discourage capital formation by curtailing expected profitability. Market fragmentation further reduces domestic investments by reducing the size of the market and depressing entrepreneurs’ animal spirits. We show that in the short-run, where expectations are given, the above two facts induce low levels of capacity utilization and of capital accumulation. The situation is even more worrying in the long-run, when entrepreneurs can adapt their expectations. Depressed animal spirits and low levels of capacity use feed back into each other and give rise to a low-growth trap; escape from this trap would prove extremely difficult. We also highlight the possible positive impact of the removal of high transaction costs and of market fragmentation, and the ensuing benefits on long-term equilibrium values of both capital accumulation and capacity utilization. The conclusions try to set this analytical results within the historical situation of the Palestinian economy, and to envisage the roles of economics and politics in order to establish a sustained process of development

    Structural Change and Social Transformation in Physiocracy

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    To the Physiocrats the French Kingdom is not a wealthy and advanced nation, but rather a poor country which has suffered a century long period of decay. In Extrait des économies royales de M. De Sully which accompany the Tableau èconomique of 1758-59 we read: ‘PAUVRES PAYSANS, PAUVRE ROYAUME’(Quesnay’s emphasis), (Kuzcynski - Meek 1972, p. 10); a synthesis of the evil and damages of contemporary France. This text is made up of twenty four short maxims which accompany the third edition of the Tableau économique, in the first months of 1759; the words quoted refer to a note to maxim fourteen. A similar text, with the emphasis, is in the Maximes générales du gouvernemente économique d’un royaume agricole published in the 1767 in the Physiocratie by Piere Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, a disciple of Francois Quesnay(INED 1958, vol. II, p. 973). These are no secondary places in the work of the master of Physiocracy; in this brief sentence and in that emphasis there is the synthesis and analysis of the main problem of France in the eighteenth-century

    Trade and Sustainable Finance for Development

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    debt, sustainability, trade

    Primary Care Psychiatry in Italy

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    In Italy, the importance of integrating primary care and mental health has only recently been grasped. Several reasons may explain this delay: a) until 2005, primary care physicians worked individually instead of in group practices, without any functional network or structured contacts with colleagues; b) community mental health centers with multiprofessional teams were well structured and widespread in several regions but focused on people with severe and persistent mental disorders; and c) specific national government health policies were lacking. Only two regions have implemented explicit policies on this issue. The "G. Leggieri" program started by the Emilia-Romagna region health government in 1999 aims to coordinate unsolicited bottom-up cooperation initiatives developing since the 1980s. In Liguria, a regional work group was established in 2010 to boost the strategic role of collaborative programs between primary care and mental health services. This article describes the most innovative experiences relating to primary care psychiatry in Italy

    Targets, attitudes, and goals of psychiatrists treating patients with schizophrenia: key outcome drivers, role of quality of life, and place of long-acting antipsychotics

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    Purpose: This survey of Italian psychiatrists was conducted to better define drivers of schizophrenia treatment choice in real-life practice, particularly for use of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics. Methods: Between October 15 and December 15, 2014, 1,000 surveys were sent to psychiatrists who treat schizophrenic patients; 709 completed questionnaires were analyzed (71% response rate). Results: The two most important factors determining therapy success were efficacy (75% of responses) and tolerability (45%) followed by global functioning (24%) and quality of life (17%). LAI antipsychotics were most often used to facilitate regular treatment monitoring (49%), and 41% of psychiatrists thought that patients with low adherence who had failed oral therapy were well-suited for LAI antipsychotics. Only 4% of respondents saw LAI antipsychotics as appropriate for patients without other therapeutic options. Conclusion: Although efficacy and tolerability were the most common factors used to evaluate treatment success in schizophrenia, psychiatrists also consider QoL and global functioning to be important
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