1,721,146 research outputs found
Il cervello morale: dalle scienze cognitive all'intelligenza artificiale
No full textIl crescente interesse nei confronti delle Neuroscienze da parte dei filosofi ha favorito l’emergere di una nuova disciplina nel settore della Filosofia Morale chiamata Neuroetica. Il principale merito di questa disciplina consiste nell’aver
manifestato apertura nei confronti dei metodi d’indagine e dei modelli esplicativi propri delle Neuroscienze Cognitive e Sociali al fine di incrementare l’attuale conoscenza dei processi e dei meccanismi che determinano il ragionamento e il comportamento morale. In questo senso la Neuroetica si configura come una disciplina dall’approccio integrato che, pur adottando il metodo sperimentale nello studio del ragionamento morale e delle sue espressioni sul piano comportamentale, mantiene salda l’ossatura di uno spirito filosofico. Più in generale, il presente volume intende fornire una panoramica sui principali indirizzi di ricerca nel campo del comportamento e ragionamento morale, sfruttando la cooperazione tra diverse discipline quali Filosofia, Psicologia, Neuroscienze e intelligenza artificiale.
In linea con le Scienze Cognitive, la prima parte del testo assume un tono filosofico offrendo una panoramica del concetto di moralità indagato attraverso le lenti della filosofia morale, della psicologia cognitiva e affettiva. A tal proposito, verranno presi in esame alcuni risultati sperimentali sull’influenza esercitata dalle funzioni esecutive e dalle emozioni sul comportamento e ragionamento morale. Inoltre, in questo contesto sarà affrontato il tema dell’origine della moralità dedicando spazio alla letteratura neosentimentalista. Segue una seconda sezione dal taglio neuroscientifico con l’obiettivo di fornire una panoramica sui correlati neurobiologici della moralità attraverso una disamina degli studi condotti su individui sani e su pazienti affetti da disordini di natura neurologica e psichiatrica. In questo contesto viene anche preso in esame il ruolo predittivo della neurochimica nel comportamento morale e le applicazioni derivanti dall’uso delle tecniche di stimolazione cerebrale non invasiva. Il testo termina con una accurata indagine relativa alla relazione tra etica e intelligenza artificiale prendendo come esempio due casi studio (Autonomous Driving Systems e ChatGPT3) che condividono lo stesso problema: “cosa vuol dire compiere una scelta morale?
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Fatigue behavior of Al-Nomex sandwich panels
No full textAbstract: Fatigue behaviour of Aluminium-Nomex sandwich panels submitted to shear loads has been analysed. In particular fatigue tests for different geometric configuration (skin thickness and offset, honeycomb core density) have been executed, evaluating the fatigue Wöhler curve. Each specimen has been tested inside a dedicated picture frame shear test fixture to apply a fully shear load; all the specimens have been subjected to a variable load (sine wave) with a load ratio R = 0.05 and have been instrumented with strain gauges. A FEM model of a series of panels has been developed. The analytical results have been in good agreement with the experimental data and allow comparing the fatigue behaviour of the panels with the skins material fatigue behaviour reported in literature. Critical descriptions of the tests and results are reported
Tongue motor cortex: The back door of the reward system
Get PDFIn paragraph 3.5 of their article, the authors provide some information about the nonmotor properties of tongue motor cortex. As a complement to the interesting work of Bono et al. (2022), in this commentary we focus on this aspect by addressing the link of the tongue motor cortex to the reward system, and its relevance for emotion processing, social cognition and psychopathology via connections of tongue motor area with other brain structures
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