1,711 research outputs found
Sepelvaltimotautipotilaiden sydän- ja verisuonivasteet liikuttaessa kylmässä ympäristössä
No full textAbstractThe benefits of regular exercise for wellbeing and health during all stages of life are unambiguous. Physical exercise is therefore crucial for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of coronary artery disease (CAD). A cold environment can induce cardiac symptoms or increase the risk of adverse health events. However, the combined effects of cold and moderate sustained exercise, both known to increase cardiac workload, on cardiovascular responses are not well known.We conducted two four-period cross-over trials. In the first protocol, we selected 20 CAD patients, who performed moderate-intensity lower-body exercise (walking at 65‐70% of HR max) and rested in neutral (+22 °C) and cold (-15 °C) conditions. In the second protocol, CAD patients (n=20) performed static (five 1.5-min work cycles, 10‐30% of maximal voluntary contraction) and dynamic (three 5-min workloads, 56‐80% of HR max) upper-body exercise at the same temperatures. Both trials consisted of four 30-min exposure periods administered in randomized order. Brachial, central aortic, and continuous blood pressure (BP), as well as electrocardiography (ECG) and skin temperature, were measured.The combined effects of cold and lower-body dynamic exercise increased rate pressure product (RPP) by 17% compared with neutral conditions (p=0.001). This was primarily due to sustained higher systolic BP, but also a slightly increased heart rate (HR). Dynamic graded upper-body exercise in the cold increased RPP by 18.1‐24.4% (p=0.002–0.020), whereas RPP during static exercise remained unaltered due to decreased HR (4.1‐7.2%; p=0.009‐0.033). Post-exercise central systolic BP decreased by 2‐10 mmHg (pWhole-body exposure to cold during dynamic and static exercise involves higher cardiovascular strain than with a neutral environment among patients with stable CAD. However, no marked changes in ECG indicating myocardial ischemia or other changes were observed. The results support that stable CAD patients probably benefit from year-round regular dynamic exercise, but responses to the following static exercise should be examined further.Original papersOriginal papers are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.Valtonen, R. I. P., Kiviniemi, A., Hintsala, H. E., Ryti, N. R. I., Kenttä, T., Huikuri, H. V., Perkiömäki, J., Crandall, C., van Marken Lichtenbelt, W., Alén, M., Rintamäki, H., Mäntysaari, M., Hautala, A., Jaakkola, J. J. K., & Ikäheimo, T. M. (2018). Cardiovascular responses to cold and submaximal exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 315(4), R768–R776. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00069.2018Self-archived versionValtonen, R. I. P., Hintsala, H. H. E., Kiviniemi, A., Kenttä, T., Crandall, C., van Marken Lichtenbelt, W., Perkiömäki, J., Hautala, A., Jaakkola, J. J. K., & Ikäheimo, T. M. (2022). Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(1), 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04826-xSelf-archived versionHintsala, H. E., Valtonen, R. I. P., Kiviniemi, A., Crandall, C., Perkiömäki, J., Hautala, A., Mäntysaari, M., Alén, M., Ryti, N., Jaakkola, J. J. K., & Ikäheimo, T. M. (2021). Central aortic hemodynamics following acute lower and upper-body exercise in a cold environment among patients with coronary artery disease. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 2550. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82155-xSelf-archived versionTiivistelmäSäännöllisen liikunnan hyödyt hyvinvointiin ja terveyteen ovat selkeitä kaikissa elämän vaiheissa. Näin ollen, fyysinen liikunta on tärkeää sepelvaltimotaudin ennaltaehkäisyssä, hoidossa ja kuntoutuksessa. Kylmä ympäristö voi aiheuttaa sydänoireita tai lisätä haitallisia sydäntapahtumia. Kylmän ympäristön ja kohtuukuormitteisen liikunnan tiedetään molempien kohottavan sydämen työmäärää, mutta niiden yhteisvaikutuksia ei tunneta hyvin.Suoritimme kaksi erillistä neljän jakson vaihtovuoroista kokeellista tutkimusta. Ensimmäiseen tutkimukseen valitsimme 20 sepelvaltimotautipotilasta, jotka suorittivat kohtuukuormitteisen alavartaloliikunnan (kävely 65‐70 % maksimi sykkeestä) ja lepäsivät sekä lämpimässä (+22 °C) että kylmässä (-15 °C) ympäristössä. Toisessa tutkimuksessa, sepelvaltimotautipotilaat (n=20) suorittivat staattisen (1,5 min työsyklit, 10‐30 % maksimisuorituksesta) ja dynaamisen (kolme 5 min työsykliä, 56‐80 % maksimi sykkeestä) ylävartaloliikunnan lämpimässä ja kylmässä. Molemmat tutkimukset sisälsivät neljä 30 min altistusjaksoa satunnaistetussa järjestyksessä. Olkavarsi, aortan tason ja jatkuva verenpaine sekä sydänsähkökäyrä (EKG) ja iholämpötilat mitattiin.Kylmän ja alavartaloliikunnan yhteisvaikutukset kohottivat sydämen työmäärää 17 % verrattuna lämpimään ympäristöön (p=0,001). Tämä johtui pääosin korkeammasta systolisesta verenpaineesta, mutta myös osittain kohonneesta sykkeestä. Dynaaminen ylävartalotyö kylmässä kohotti sydämen työmäärää 18,1‐24,4 % (p=0,0020‐0,020), kun taas sydämen työmäärä ei muuttunut staattisen työn aikana madaltuneen sykkeen vuoksi (4,1‐7,2 %; p=0,009‐0,033). Liikunnan jälkeinen aortan tason verenpaine laski 2‐10 mmHg sekä dynaamisen ala- ja ylävartaloliikunnan jälkeen riippumatta lämpötilasta. Aortan tason verenpaine pysyi koholla staattisen ylävartalotyön jälkeen 7±6 mmHg (pSepelvaltimotautipotilaan koko kehon kylmäaltistus yhdessä dynaamisen ja staattisen liikunnan kanssa lisää sydämen kuormitusta verrattuna lepoon lämpimässä. Tästä huolimatta merkittäviä EKG muutoksia ei havaittu. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että sepelvaltimotautipotilaat todennäköisesti hyötyvät ympärivuotisesta dynaamisesta liikunnasta, mutta staattista liikuntaa on syytä tutkia tarkemmin.OsajulkaisutOsajulkaisut eivät sisälly väitöskirjan elektroniseen versioon.Valtonen, R. I. P., Kiviniemi, A., Hintsala, H. E., Ryti, N. R. I., Kenttä, T., Huikuri, H. V., Perkiömäki, J., Crandall, C., van Marken Lichtenbelt, W., Alén, M., Rintamäki, H., Mäntysaari, M., Hautala, A., Jaakkola, J. J. K., & Ikäheimo, T. M. (2018). Cardiovascular responses to cold and submaximal exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 315(4), R768–R776. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00069.2018Rinnakkaistallennettu versioValtonen, R. I. P., Hintsala, H. H. E., Kiviniemi, A., Kenttä, T., Crandall, C., van Marken Lichtenbelt, W., Perkiömäki, J., Hautala, A., Jaakkola, J. J. K., & Ikäheimo, T. M. (2022). Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(1), 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04826-xRinnakkaistallennettu versioHintsala, H. E., Valtonen, R. I. P., Kiviniemi, A., Crandall, C., Perkiömäki, J., Hautala, A., Mäntysaari, M., Alén, M., Ryti, N., Jaakkola, J. J. K., & Ikäheimo, T. M. (2021). Central aortic hemodynamics following acute lower and upper-body exercise in a cold environment among patients with coronary artery disease. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 2550. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82155-xRinnakkaistallennettu versioAcademic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Health and Biosciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in Auditorium F202 of the Faculty of Medicine (Aapistie 5 B), on 12 August 2022, at 12 noonAbstract
The benefits of regular exercise for wellbeing and health during all stages of life are unambiguous. Physical exercise is therefore crucial for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of coronary artery disease (CAD). A cold environment can induce cardiac symptoms or increase the risk of adverse health events. However, the combined effects of cold and moderate sustained exercise, both known to increase cardiac workload, on cardiovascular responses are not well known.
We conducted two four-period cross-over trials. In the first protocol, we selected 20 CAD patients, who performed moderate-intensity lower-body exercise (walking at 65‐70% of HR max) and rested in neutral (+22 °C) and cold (-15 °C) conditions. In the second protocol, CAD patients (n=20) performed static (five 1.5-min work cycles, 10‐30% of maximal voluntary contraction) and dynamic (three 5-min workloads, 56‐80% of HR max) upper-body exercise at the same temperatures. Both trials consisted of four 30-min exposure periods administered in randomized order. Brachial, central aortic, and continuous blood pressure (BP), as well as electrocardiography (ECG) and skin temperature, were measured.
The combined effects of cold and lower-body dynamic exercise increased rate pressure product (RPP) by 17% compared with neutral conditions (p=0.001). This was primarily due to sustained higher systolic BP, but also a slightly increased heart rate (HR). Dynamic graded upper-body exercise in the cold increased RPP by 18.1‐24.4% (p=0.002–0.020), whereas RPP during static exercise remained unaltered due to decreased HR (4.1‐7.2%; p=0.009‐0.033). Post-exercise central systolic BP decreased by 2‐10 mmHg (p<0.001) both after lower- and upper-body dynamic exercise, regardless of temperature. Central systolic BP remained elevated after static upper-body exercise in the cold by 7±6 mmHg (p<0.001). ECG was largely unaltered, regardless of the type of exercise or temperature.
Whole-body exposure to cold during dynamic and static exercise involves higher cardiovascular strain than with a neutral environment among patients with stable CAD. However, no marked changes in ECG indicating myocardial ischemia or other changes were observed. The results support that stable CAD patients probably benefit from year-round regular dynamic exercise, but responses to the following static exercise should be examined further.Tiivistelmä
Säännöllisen liikunnan hyödyt hyvinvointiin ja terveyteen ovat selkeitä kaikissa elämän vaiheissa. Näin ollen, fyysinen liikunta on tärkeää sepelvaltimotaudin ennaltaehkäisyssä, hoidossa ja kuntoutuksessa. Kylmä ympäristö voi aiheuttaa sydänoireita tai lisätä haitallisia sydäntapahtumia. Kylmän ympäristön ja kohtuukuormitteisen liikunnan tiedetään molempien kohottavan sydämen työmäärää, mutta niiden yhteisvaikutuksia ei tunneta hyvin.
Suoritimme kaksi erillistä neljän jakson vaihtovuoroista kokeellista tutkimusta. Ensimmäiseen tutkimukseen valitsimme 20 sepelvaltimotautipotilasta, jotka suorittivat kohtuukuormitteisen alavartaloliikunnan (kävely 65‐70 % maksimi sykkeestä) ja lepäsivät sekä lämpimässä (+22 °C) että kylmässä (-15 °C) ympäristössä. Toisessa tutkimuksessa, sepelvaltimotautipotilaat (n=20) suorittivat staattisen (1,5 min työsyklit, 10‐30 % maksimisuorituksesta) ja dynaamisen (kolme 5 min työsykliä, 56‐80 % maksimi sykkeestä) ylävartaloliikunnan lämpimässä ja kylmässä. Molemmat tutkimukset sisälsivät neljä 30 min altistusjaksoa satunnaistetussa järjestyksessä. Olkavarsi, aortan tason ja jatkuva verenpaine sekä sydänsähkökäyrä (EKG) ja iholämpötilat mitattiin.
Kylmän ja alavartaloliikunnan yhteisvaikutukset kohottivat sydämen työmäärää 17 % verrattuna lämpimään ympäristöön (p=0,001). Tämä johtui pääosin korkeammasta systolisesta verenpaineesta, mutta myös osittain kohonneesta sykkeestä. Dynaaminen ylävartalotyö kylmässä kohotti sydämen työmäärää 18,1‐24,4 % (p=0,0020‐0,020), kun taas sydämen työmäärä ei muuttunut staattisen työn aikana madaltuneen sykkeen vuoksi (4,1‐7,2 %; p=0,009‐0,033). Liikunnan jälkeinen aortan tason verenpaine laski 2‐10 mmHg sekä dynaamisen ala- ja ylävartaloliikunnan jälkeen riippumatta lämpötilasta. Aortan tason verenpaine pysyi koholla staattisen ylävartalotyön jälkeen 7±6 mmHg (p<0,001). EKG muutoksia ei juurikaan havaittu tutkimuksen kahden lämpötilan ja kahden liikuntatavan määrittämien altistusjaksojen aikana.
Sepelvaltimotautipotilaan koko kehon kylmäaltistus yhdessä dynaamisen ja staattisen liikunnan kanssa lisää sydämen kuormitusta verrattuna lepoon lämpimässä. Tästä huolimatta merkittäviä EKG muutoksia ei havaittu. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että sepelvaltimotautipotilaat todennäköisesti hyötyvät ympärivuotisesta dynaamisesta liikunnasta, mutta staattista liikuntaa on syytä tutkia tarkemmin
Sinirinnan kielellä : Nils-Aslak Valkeapään runouden suhde puhuttuun saamen kieleen
No full textAbstractThis paper illustrates and analyses the connections between spoken Saami and the lyric oeuvre of Nils-Aslak Valkeapää on several levels. Among other things, it provides examples of distinctive morpho-phonological, lexical and syntactic features as well as the use of punctuation marks, fonts, and other layout elements. Of the connections exemplified, the use of dialect in particular is regarded as a manifestation of the local identity of the poet, but the use of certain other features has clearly been motivated by stylistic and aesthetic considerations. As a contextualizing introduction, the author describes the difficulties of a minority writer who was never taught his native Saami language at school and whose first books were published amid the turmoil of constantly changing Saami orthographies. In addition, the role of dialects in Saami literature is discussed on a more general level.Abstract
This paper illustrates and analyses the connections between spoken Saami and the lyric oeuvre of Nils-Aslak Valkeapää on several levels. Among other things, it provides examples of distinctive morpho-phonological, lexical and syntactic features as well as the use of punctuation marks, fonts, and other layout elements. Of the connections exemplified, the use of dialect in particular is regarded as a manifestation of the local identity of the poet, but the use of certain other features has clearly been motivated by stylistic and aesthetic considerations. As a contextualizing introduction, the author describes the difficulties of a minority writer who was never taught his native Saami language at school and whose first books were published amid the turmoil of constantly changing Saami orthographies. In addition, the role of dialects in Saami literature is discussed on a more general level
Time-Domain Model of Dispersive Transmission Line
No full textOF THE MASTER'S THESIS Author: Anu Lehtovuori Name of the thesis: Time-domain model of dispersive transmission line Date: May 31, 2000 Number of pages: 61 Department: Electrical and Communications Engineering Professorship: Circuit Theory Supervisor: Prof. Martti Valtonen The simulation of lossy and dispersive transmission lines has become an essential part of the design process. On the other hand, their accurate and e#cient simulation in the time domain is still a problem
Reference Pricing in Finnish Pharmaceutical Markets: Pre-Policy Evaluation
No full textRapporto 25 2009 Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Healt
Digital filter design through simulated evolution
No full textAn evolutionary algorithm is used to design a finite impulse response digital filter with reduced power consumption. The proposed design approach combines genetic optimization and simulation methodology, to evaluate a multi-objective fitness function which includes both the suitability of the filter transfer function and the transition activity of digital blocks. The best filter obtained is automatically synthesized in VHDL. A design example is presented and compared with the conventional solution, demonstrating that genetic optimization can help in reducing digital switching power
Diaconal nursing in Finland: Theory and practice
No full textDiaconal nursing holistically promotes health and welfare, while bolstering hope and a person’s resources. This publication describes the theory of diaconal nursing and the practice of Finnish diaconal nursing in healthcare and the church’s work. It is intended for both student and professional readers.
The book covers the history, definition of concepts, education and various career paths of diaconal nursing, proceeding to a practical description of diaconal nursing and the environments and encounters in which diaconal work is performed.
The authors consider the dual qualification provided by nurse-deaconess education: its meaning; the opportunities it affords graduates; and future prospects. How is diaconal nursing competence identified and recognized? How can this competence be used in healthcare and parishes in the best possible way? This publication seeks answers to those questions.
The book’s authors are Finnish specialists in diaconal work, and particularly diaconal nursing, in the Evangelical Lutheran Church, parishes, society, nursing and education.
Cite
Thitz, P., Malkavaara, M., Rättyä, L., & Valtonen, M. (Eds.). (2021). Diaconal nursing in Finland: Theory and practice. (Diak Publications 1). Diaconia University of Applied Sciences. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-493-390-2fi=Ei tietoa saavutettavuudesta|sv=Okänd tillgänglighet|en=Unknown accessibility
Dark energy and the structure of the Coma cluster of galaxies
No full textContext. We consider the Coma cluster of galaxies as a gravitationally bound physical system embedded in the perfectly uniform static dark energy background as implied by Lambda CDM cosmology. Aims. We ask if the density of dark energy is high enough to affect the structure of a large and rich cluster of galaxies. Methods. We base our work on recent observational data on the Coma cluster, and apply our theory of local dynamical effects of dark energy, including the zero-gravity radius R-ZG of the local force field as the key parameter. Results. 1) Three masses are defined that characterize the structure of a regular cluster: the matter mass M-M, the dark-energy effective mass M-DE (<0), and the gravitating mass M-G (=M-M + M-DE). 2) A new matter-density profile is suggested that reproduces the observational data well for the Coma cluster in the radius range from 1.4 Mpc to 14 Mpc and takes the dark energy background into account. 3) Using this profile, we calculate upper limits for the total size of the Coma cluster, R <= R-ZG approximate to 20 Mpc, and its total matter mass, M-M less than or similar to M-M(R-ZG) = 6.2 x 10(15) M-circle dot. Conclusions. The dark energy antigravity affects the structure of the Coma cluster strongly at large radii R greater than or similar to 14 Mpc and should be considered when its total mass is derived
Olaus Sirma: Saami poetics and clerical networks in early modern Swedish Lapland
No full textThe two songs by the Kemi Sami Olaus Sirma (c.1655–1719), published in the famous book Lapponia by the professor and antiquarian Johannes Schefferus in 1673, are the first well-known examples of long Sami poetry.1 Lapponia was translated into several languages, and the poems also circulated as separate translations and adaptations, first in the periodical The Spectator in 1712 and later in versions by Herder, Goethe, Longfellow and others.2 Reception as proof of ‘natural tenderness of sentiment’ of uncivilised people changed when, in 1890, it came to light that Sirma was not a random ‘Lapp’ that Schefferus found in the wilderness, but a student at the University of Uppsala and a priest-to-be.3 This led to two parallel processes: questioning the authenticity of these songs as oral tradition, and finding out who actually this Sami student was.4 Yet these processes were tied to a dualistic understanding of relationships of oral and literary cultures, and to stereotypical evaluations of seventeenth-century sources and ethnic minorities. Our aim is to analyse the poetic reception, personal networks and wider historical context in relation to the later reputation of Olaus Sirma. After giving an overall context of the changing administrative status of early-modern Lapland, we begin by concentrating on the ways Sirma is presented in Lapponia and in the historical reception of the two Sami poems, also setting these songs in a comparative perspective. The main part of the chapter discusses Sirma’s personal history and local networks: besides later oral history, a surprising number of official documents relating to him remain, partly published by Isak Fellman, with more of them investigated and copied in the personal archives of K. B. Wiklund and Erik Nordberg during the early twentieth century.5 The Sami are an indigenous people living in Scandinavia, northern Finland and the Russian Kola peninsula, speaking several Sami languages. Olaus Sirma’s native tongue belonged to a dialect continuum nowadays called Kemi Sami that was spoken in the central and southern parts of present-day Finnish Lapland and in the regions west of the White Sea in the Murmansk oblast, and the Republic of Karelia in present-day Russia. Only a few texts exist in Kemi Sami, as the speakers became gradually assimilated with Finnish-speaking settlers, with only a few speakers left by the beginning of the nineteenth century.6 Although often represented as wild nomads, the Sami living in the southern and central parts of Norway and Sweden had their first contacts with Christianity as early as the eleventh century through Scandinavians living in the neighbouring regions. At least since the fourteenth century, Christianity and indigenous religions of the Sami were intertwined into a syncretic practice with several regional subvariants. Yet the conversion to full Christianity was slow and ended only around the 1750s. As early as 1388, individual Sami started to demand the teaching of Christianity amongst their people, and since the 1550s the lack of sufficient ecclesiastical services was evident.7Peer reviewe
The structure of the October/November 2005 outburst in OJ287 and the precessing binary black hole model
No full textAims. The blazar OJ 287 had its biggest optical outburst in over 20 years. It occurred in October/November 2005 and was somewhat expected since similar outbursts had occurred at approximately 12 yr intervals since the early 1900s. However, a strict periodicity would have put the event nearly a year later. Here we ask whether the October/November 2005 outburst was indeed the expected 2006 outburst of OJ287. Did it follow the typical light curve behaviour of such events: a rapid initial rise in just over a week and a slower decay in the following months?
Methods. In this study we use the extensive observations of The British Astronomical Association Variable Star Section, complemented by the data from The American Association of Variable Star Observers. We compare the 2005 outburst with the previous season's first peak of 1983.
Results. We find that the beginning of the 2005 outburst occurred at 2005.76, a few weeks earlier than was reported previously. The timing of the outburst is consistent with the binary black hole model of Lehto and Valtonen. In accordance with this model, we find that the outburst's structural time scale is slower in 2005 than in 1983, while the 2005 outburst was fainter than the 1983 outburst, making the two outbursts about equal in energy. Thus it is quite reasonable to argue that the 2005 outburst was the expected first of the season in the optical light curve of OJ287
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