668 research outputs found
A Systematic Review of the Valproic-Acid-Induced Rodent Model of Autism
No full textAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by repetitive behaviours, cognitive rigidity/inflexibility, and social-affective impairment. Unfortunately, few pharmacological treatments exist to alleviate these socio-behavioural impairments. Prenatal administration of valproic acid (VPA) has become an accepted animal model of ASD and has been extensively used to explore new pharmacotherapies in rodents. We conducted a systematic review of the behavioural impairments induced by the VPA model in rodents, with specific reference to 3 core socio-behavioural alterations associated with ASD: repetitive behaviours, cognitive rigidity/inflexibility, and social-affective impairment. We systematically reviewed studies attempting to alleviate these core behavioural alterations using pharmacological means. We include 132 studies exploring the prenatal effects of VPA in rodents. Gestational exposure to VPA in rodents has significant effects on rodent-equivalent measures of the 3 core behavioural traits characteristic of ASD in humans, inducing social impairments, repetitive behaviour, and cognitive rigidity/inflexibility after birth. This model's validity has seen it used to test potential drug treatments for ASD and is likely to continue doing so. We conclude the rodent VPA model may be suitable to examine future therapeutic interventions for ASD, providing an overview of the progress made so far
R&D Intensity and Domestic and Cross-Border M&A of Japanese Firms before Domestic M&A Deregulation
No full textJEL codes: F23, G34, L19In this paper, we examine the determinants of M&A whilst focusing on R&D before the deregulation of domestic M&A transactions in Japan. Firms' growth strategies and the institutional differences between domestic and international M&A reveal the determinants of differences in M&A. Our estimates show that domestic M&A activities are weakly related to R&D, which suggests that technological progress has no effect on domestic M&A. For international M&A, firms' R&D activities have a significantly positive effect, which implies that a firm' s own technology is important for absorbing foreign technology or for competing in a host country
R&D Intensity and Domestic and Cross-Border M&A of Japanese Firms before Domestic M&A Deregulation
No full textIn this paper, we examine the determinants of M&A whilst focusing on R&D before the deregulation of domestic M&A transactions in Japan. Firms\u27 growth strategies and the institutional differences between domestic and international M&A reveal the determinants of differences in M&A. Our estimates show that domestic M&A activities are weakly related to R&D, which suggests that technological progress has no effect on domestic M&A. For international M&A, firms\u27 R&D activities have a significantly positive effect, which implies that a firm\u27 s own technology is important for absorbing foreign technology or for competing in a host country
R&D intensity and domestic and cross-border M&A of Japanese firms before domestic M&A deregulation
No full textIn this paper, we examine the determinants of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in Japan prior to the deregulation of domestic M&A transactions. We reveal that firm growth strategies and institutional differences in domestic and cross-border transactions are key determinants of the differences in M&A behavior. Our estimates show that domestic M&A activities are negatively related to research and development (R&D), suggesting that low technology-intensive firms have a tendency to engage in domestic M&A. For cross-border M&A, firm R&D activities have a significant positive effect, implying that a firm's own technology is important for absorbing foreign technology or competing in the host country.Domestic M&A Cross-border M&A R&D
Three-dimensional electromagnetic analysis of JT-60SA conducting structures in view of RWM control
No full textBlood-brain barrier disturbances in diabetes-associated dementia: Therapeutic potential for cannabinoids
No full textDS_10.1177_0022034520901519 – Supplemental material for A Targeted Genetic Association Study of the Rare Type of Osteomyelitis
No full textSupplemental material, DS_10.1177_0022034520901519 for A Targeted Genetic Association Study of the Rare Type of Osteomyelitis by H. Yahara, S. Horita, S. Yanamoto, Y. Kitagawa, T. Asaka, T. Yoda, K. Morita, Y. Michi, M. Takechi, H. Shimasue, Y. Maruoka, E. Kondo, J. Kusukawa, H. Tsujiguchi, T. Sato, T. Kannon, H. Nakamura, A. Tajima, K. Hosomichi and K. Yahara in Journal of Dental Research</p
Physics and control of multiple external kink instabilities with realistic 3D boundaries: recent understandings from experiment and modelling
No full textFive women posing for Pocatello Fukiyose Kai
No full textFive women in traditional Japanese dress posing with fans in front of a painted backdrop during an annual Fukiyose Kai festival in Pocatello. From left to right is Mary Nishizaki Yoden, Aiko Sato Yokomizo, Sumi Kanomata, Misao Kawamura Okamura, Kimi Okamura Takechi. The back of the photo has the original caption "Kunio Yamada, Kimi Okamuro (Takechi), Misao Kawamura (Okamura), Sumi Kanomata (Center), Akiko Satp, Mary Nishizaki (Yoden), Toshi Hagashi, 1226 Jensen.
A paradoxical vasodilatory nutraceutical intervention for prevention and attenuation of migraine—a hypothetical review
No full textStudies suggest that migraine pain has a vascular component. The prevailing dogma is that peripheral vasoconstriction activates baroreceptors in central, large arteries. Dilatation of central vessels stimulates nociceptors and induces cortical spreading depression. Studies investigating nitric oxide (NO) donors support the indicated hypothesis that pain is amplified when acutely administered. In this review, we provide an alternate hypothesis which, if substantiated, may provide therapeutic opportunities for attenuating migraine frequency and severity. We suggest that in migraines, heightened sympathetic tone results in progressive central microvascular constriction. Suboptimal parenchymal blood flow, we suggest, activates nociceptors and triggers headache pain onset. Administration of NO donors could paradoxically promote constriction of the microvasculature as a consequence of larger upstream central artery vasodilatation. Inhibitors of NO production are reported to alleviate migraine pain. We describe how constriction of larger upstream arteries, induced by NO synthesis inhibitors, may result in a compensatory dilatory response of the microvasculature. The restoration of central capillary blood flow may be the primary mechanism for pain relief. Attenuating the propensity for central capillary constriction and promoting a more dilatory phenotype may reduce frequency and severity of migraines. Here, we propose consideration of two dietary nutraceuticals for reducing migraine risk: L-arginine and aged garlic extracts
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