83 research outputs found
Sphingomyelin synthases regulate production of diacylglycerol at the Golgi
No full textSMS [SM (sphingomyelin) synthase] is a class of enzymes that produces SM by transferring a phosphocholine moiety on to ceramide. PC (phosphatidylcholine) is believed to be the phosphocholine donor of the reaction with consequent production of DAG (diacylglycerol), an important bioactive lipid. In the present study, by modulating SMS1 and SMS2 expression, the role of these enzymes on the elusive regulation of DAG was investigated. Because we found that modulation of SMS1 or SMS2 did not affect total levels of endogenous DAG in resting cells, whereas they produce DAG in vitro, the possibility that SMSs could modulate subcellular pools of DAG, once acute activation of the enzymes is triggered, was investigated. Stimulation of SM synthesis was induced by either treatment with short-chain ceramide analogues or by increasing endogenous ceramide at the plasma membrane, and a fluorescently labelled conventional C1 domain [from PKC (protein kinase C)] enhanced in its DAG binding activity was used to probe subcellular pools of DAG in the cell. With this approach, we found, using confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation, that modulation of SMS1 and, to a lesser extent, SMS2 affected the formation of DAG at the Golgi apparatus. Similarly, down-regulation of SMS1 and SMS2 reduced the localization of the DAG-binding protein PKD (protein kinase D) to the Golgi. These results provide direct evidence that both enzymes are capable of regulating the formation of DAG in cells, that this pool of DAG is biologically active, and for the first time directly implicate SMS1 and SMS2 as regulators of DAG-binding proteins in the Golgi apparatu
Sphingomyelin synthase 1 activity is regulated by the BCR-ABL oncogene
No full textSphingomyelin synthase (SMS) produces sphingomyelin (SM) while consuming
ceramide (negative regulator of cell proliferation) and forming diacylglycerol (DAG) (a
mitogenic factor). Therefore enhanced SMS activity could favor cell proliferation. To
examine if dysregulated SMS contributes to leukemogenesis, we measured SMS
activity in several leukemic cell lines and found that it is highly elevated in K562 chronic
myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. The increased SMS in K562 cells was caused by
the presence of Bcr-abl, hallmark of CML, as stable expression of Bcr-abl elevated SMS
activity in HL-60 cells while inhibition of the tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr-abl with
Imatinib mesylate, decreased SMS activity in K562 cells. The increased SMS activity
was the result of up-regulation of the Sms1 isoform. Inhibition of SMS activity with D609
(a pharmacological SMS inhibitor) or down-regulation of SMS1 expression by siRNA,
selectively inhibited the proliferation of Bcr-abl positive cells. The inhibition was
associated with an increased production of ceramide and a decreased production of
DAG, conditions that antagonize cell proliferation. A similar change in lipid profile was
also observed upon pharmacological inhibition of Bcr-abl (K526 cells) and siRNAmediated
down-regulation of BCR-ABL (HL-60/Bcr-abl cells). These findings indicate
that Sms1 is a downstream target of Bcr-abl, involved in sustaining cell proliferation of
Bcr-abl positive cells
A bioprocess optimization study to enhance the production of Menaquinone-7 using Bacillus subtilis MM26
No full textAbstract Background Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) has a vital significance in promoting human health and tackling several global health concerns which makes its production extremely important. MK-7 is not easily accessible at a reasonable cost due to the poor fermentation yields and the existence of several laborious downstream unit processes. Efficient manufacturing methods are essential to meet the global requirements due to the increasing demand in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. This research study focuses on the enhanced production of MK-7 from Bacillus subtilis MM26 isolated from fermented home-made wine. Results A suitable MK-7 production medium for Bacillus subtilis MM26 was determined and the yield was found to be 67 ± 0.6 mg/L. The one factor at a time (OFAT) results showed that medium containing lactose, glycine, with a pH 7, a temperature of 37 °C, and an inoculum size of 2.5% (2 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) was optimal synthesis of MK-7. RSM indicated that incubation time, carbon and nitrogen sources were the factors significantly affecting the MK-7 yield. RSM predicted optimal conditions, which yielded a maximum concentration of 442 ± 2.08 mg/L of MK-7. Conclusions The outcomes of this study demonstrated the potential of Bacillus subtilis MM26 in large-scale industrial production of MK-7. The yield of MK-7 was amplified efficiently by integration of OFAT and RSM, paving the way for cost-efficient industrial production
Traditional Zardosi Embroidery in the Design and Development of Custom Wall Decor
No full textoai:ojs2.glim.vyomhansjournals.com:article/2Background: Zardozi embroidery is a traditional Indian method of surface decoration and needlework. This ancient embroidery uses metal wires, thread, beads, sequins, and stones. Once used to adorn royal attire with gold wires, zardozi now employs more affordable metals. It is commonly found in sarees, dupattas, and lehengas, with a significant market in wedding attire for its regal appeal. Purpose: Every year, Zardozi’s local and foreign markets grow. The government provides programs and incentives to support Zardozi craftsmen. However, Zardozi items are expensive, reserved for special occasions, and not affordable for all. As a result, machine-made imitations have emerged. Modern machinery affects traditional artisans, prompting new research to reduce costs and improve theirquality of life.Methods: Zardosi\u27s works are done on clothing to enhance its appearance. However, there is a need to make the effort to teach the general public these procedures and make the Aari stitched sample available to everyone. Therefore, we must create a product that is both economical and accessible to everyone. A few research studies on motif selection, frame size, and product pricing were examined, and the items were prepared. Wall-hanging production has been scheduled.Results: A fresh attempt at creating the zardozi wall hanging was created using the appropriate fabric, and its appearance, cost, and client acceptability will all be favorable. In contrast to the clothing, the item was reasonably priced and looked good hanging on the wall. Therefore, the majority of clients might be drawn to it. Conclusions: Craft training was undergone by the artisan, and by adopting the learned experience, a new product of embroidered wall hanging was prepared successfully.
Keywords: Zardosi Embroidery, Wall Decor, Zardhosi craftsmen, Zardosi wall hangin
Conversion of Citrus Fruit Peel into a Value-Added Product, Bio-Oil
No full textThe present study aimed to investigate the bio-oil from the blended citrus fruit peel by hydrothermal liquefaction process. Huge amounts of fruit peel waste are disposed of in the open environment without any proper management. Such fruit peels are considered a potential bio-resource to be converted into economically valuable products like bio-oil. Since the citrus fruit peel is a rich source of moisture content, a hydrothermal liquefaction process was introduced to produce bio-oil from cellulose, and lignocellulose. The experimental design against temperature, time, and biomass concentration optimization was carried out which was confirmed by the ANOVA f and p test that reveals time and temperature influenced the bio-oil yield drastically. As the time and temperature rise more than 60 min and 280°C, the volatile substance present in the biomass converts itself into solid residue which has a negative impact on bio-oil production, compared with biomass concentration. The maximum yield of bio-oil was recorded as 29.4% at 280°C at 60min reaction time and 80g/200mL concentration as optimized parameters. The GCMS reveals the presence of hydrocarbons and alkanethiol which are flammable and hold the standards of commercial transportation fuel but hold nitrogen and oxygen-containing compounds to pull down the fuel standards. Thus, the produced bio-oil can be blended with the transportation fuel after the upgradation process for efficient results
Bio prospecting of Riboflavin producing bacteria from different riboflavin enriched food sources
No full textRiboflavin is an essential, water-soluble vitamin (B2) and a component of basic cellular metabolism. The aim of the present study is to isolate and characterize riboflavin producing bacteria from different food sources. Ten different riboflavin enriched food sources were collected from Vellore district. Totally 72 bacterial strains were isolated and cultured on nutrient agar plates. Out of these, 43 strains were identified as riboflavin producers. Isolated bacterial strains HDS27, HDS07, HDS14, HDS18, HDS38 and HDS54 isolated from milk, mushroom, spinach, lamb kidney, beef liver and mackerel fish were found to be potent riboflavin producers. Based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, the potent strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (HDS27), Bacillus cereus (HDS07), Delftia tsuruhatensis (HDS14), Citrobacter freundii (HDS18), Enterobacter cloacae (HDS38) and Bacillus cereus (HDS54). The selected potent isolates HDS27 from milk and HDS07 from mushroom showed a maximum riboflavin production of 3.69 mg/L and 2.9mg/L respectively. The present study explores the riboflavin producing novel bacteria from different food sources. This is the first report that the Enterobacter cloacae isolated from beef liver, Delftia tsuruhatensis from spinach and Citrobacter freundii from lamb kidney has the ability to produce riboflavin. These potent strains could be a better starter for substituting the conventional bacteria for large scale production of riboflavin in industry
Biosynthesis and therapeutic applications of MK-7: A comprehensive review
No full textThe fat-soluble vitamin K is an indispensable cofactor that transmutes the glutamic acid residues to -γ-carboxyglutamic residues in blood and bones. Vitamin K is further classified into three namely, Phylloquinone, Menaquinone and Menadione. Both, phylloquinone and menaquinone are naturally derived types of vitamin K while Menadione is a synthetic variant. Among the several types of vitamin K, Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) stands out because of its extended half-life. MK-7 is found to have potential therapeutic effects in preventing cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, Alzheimer and cancer. Comprehending the diverse functions of MK-7 provides valuable perspectives on its ability to enhance overall health. During microbial fermentation, certain strains are selected and improved for effective synthesis of MK-7. Researchers are investigating industrial-scale production techniques such as fermentation conditions, downstream processing, and purification methods to increase both quantity and quality. This review highlights MK-7’s diverse biological functions and industrial significance, emphasizing advancements in microbial fermentation, including strain improvement and production optimization, to enhance yield and quality
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