909 research outputs found
George Shimamoto, New York City, New York, tape no. 3: an interview by Sandra Taylor, October 5, 1987
No full textTypescript (30 pages), the transcript of an interview by Sandra C. Taylor with George Shimamoto, a Japanese-American living in New York City. Interview took place on October 5, 1987, on behalf of the American West Center at the University of Uta
Aneurus taterasanus Shimamoto & Ishikawa 2022, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Aneurus taterasanus</i> Shimamoto & Ishikawa, sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 1–15, 20, 21)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> <i>Holotype</i>: (♂), Japan, Tsushima Is., Tsushima-shi, Izuhara-machi, Tsutsu, Nishitatera-rindô, 10 VI 2019, Shusuke Shimamoto, TUA. <i>Paratypes</i> (75♂♂ 92♀♀): <b>JAPAN</b>: <b>Tsushima Is.</b>: 1♂ 1♀, as holotype, TUA; 1♀, Izuhara-machi, Tsutsu, Nishitatera-rindô, 14.IX.2017, Shusuke Shimamoto,TUA; 7♂♂ 12♀♀, Kamiagata-chô, Sago, Mt. Mitake, 13.IX.2017, Shusuke Shimamoto, TUA; 1♂ 2♀♀, Kamiagata-chô, Sago, Mt. Mitake, 13.IX.2017, Rino Fukaya, TUA. <b>Kyushu</b>: 27♂♂ 26♀♀, Miyazaki Pref., Higashimorokata-gun, Aya-chô, Minamimata, 15. VII.2019, Shusuke Shimamoto, TUA; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, Kagoshima Pref., Kimotsuki-chô, Hoyoshi-dake, 19. III.2017, Reo Ito, TUA; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, Kagoshima Pref., Kimotsuki-chô, Mt. Hoyoshi-dake, 8. V.1994, M. Hirano, TUA. <b>Shikoku</b>: 1♀, Kochi Pref., Mihama-mura, Imano-yama, 12. IV.1998, T. Befu, TUA. <b>The Ryukyus</b>: <b>Yakushima Is.</b>: 1♀, Yudomari, Yudomari-Hodô Trail, 25.X.2019, Shusuke Shimamoto, TUA; 18♂♂ 31♀♀, Anbô, Mt. Mae-dake, 8. VII.2019, Shusuke Shimamoto, TUA; 1♂ 2♀♀, Ôkawa-rindô, 20–21. IV.1981, Yoshinori Syôno, TUA and YS; 1♂ 3♀♀, Anbô-rindô, 22–23. IV.1981, Yoshinori Syôno, TUA; <b>Amami Oshima Is.</b>: 4♂♂ 2♀♀, Amami-shi, Nazechinaze, 1. VII.2016, Shusuke Shimamoto, TUA; 1♀, Amami-shi, Nazechinaze, 14.IX.2018, Shusuke Shimamoto, TUA; 2♂♂ 1♀, Sumiyô-chô, Amami-chûô-rindô, 15.IX.2018, Shusuke Shimamoto, TUA; 2♂♂, Sumiyô-chô, Amamichûô-rindô, 15.IX.2018, Naoya Ito, TUA; 6♂♂ 2♀♀, Sumiyô-chô, Kawauchi, nr. Funangyo-no-taki Fall, 14.IX. 2018, Shusuke Shimamoto, TUA; 1♂ 2♀♀, Uken-son, Chûô-rindô, 4. III.1987, Yoshinori Shono, TUA.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Male</i>. Body (Figs. 1–2) reddish to dark brown; macropterous. Head approximately as long as width across eyes; genae visible in dorsal view, not produced beyond tip of clypeus; clypeus reaching about 2/3 of antennal segment I; antenniferous tubercles acute at apex; postocular lobes subangular, not reaching level of outer margin of eye in dorsal view; rostrum not reaching level of posterior margin of eyes in ventral view. Antennae 2.4 times as long as width across eyes, approximate proportion of segment I to IV 1.0: 1.2: 1.3: 1.9.</p> <p>Pronotum 2.4 times as wide as its length on midline, as long as head (without neck) on midline; anterior lobe narrower than posterior lobe, with nebulose callosities; lateral margins of anterior lobe strongly sinuate; anterolateral angles rounded, projected beyond collar; posterior lobe provided with a pair of belts of small, shining tubercles; lateral margins of posterior lobe almost straight, serrulate, sometimes with a small process medially. Scutellum subtriangular, 0.6 times as long as its basal width, with lateral margins sinuate and apically rounded; sublateral ridges reaching middle of scutellum. Hemelytra reaching at least basal half of mediotergite VII; corium reaching basal 2/3 of scutellum; clavus longer than corium; membrane punctured, shining, with a scabrous, yellowish brown spot at base.</p> <p> Abdomen (Figs.5–6) 1.4times as long as its maximum width;posterolateral angles of dorsal external laterotergites II to VI slightly protruding; dorsal external laterotergite VII rounded posterolaterally. Spiracles II and VII lateral, visible in dorsal view, spiracles III to VI ventral, and spiracle VIII terminal. <i>Dorsum</i> (Fig. 5): Mediotergites I and II fused with each other, forming mediotergite I+II; mediotergites III to VI fused with one another; lateral rugose strips narrow, not reaching anterior margin of mediotergite III; dorsal external laterotergites II and III fused internally, forming contergite; contergite relatively small, not reaching anterior 1/3 of dorsal external laterotergite III; paratergite thin, clavate, rounded posteriorly, reaching basal 2/3 of pygophore. <i>Venter</i> (Fig. 6): Additional lateral sclerite triangular, completely separated from other sclerites; ventral laterotergites III to VI separated from each sternum by a sublateral sulcus; ventral hems III to VI separated from each ventral laterotergite by a sublateral fold.</p> <p>Pygophore (Fig. 9) pyriform, scabrous, distinctly produced over dorsal external laterotergite VII, with lateral margin sinuate; pygophore length from basal carina to posterior end 1.1 times as long as pygophore width. Parameres (Figs. 10–11) long diamond-shaped, relatively wide, approximately 3 times as long as its maximum width, dorsally concave in apical half, medially expanded, covered with a few long and short setae on expanded part. Phallus (Figs. 12–15) long and slender in everted condition; phallotheca sclerotized; endosoma membranous, long, straight, weakly broad and echinate at base; apical part of endosoma with 3 membranous processes, one projected dorsally without spine and others projected laterally with a spine.</p> <p> <i>Female</i> (Figs. 3–4, 7–8). Generally similar to male, relatively larger than male; sternum VI provided with a pair of submedian ridges; ventral laterotergite VII completely separated from sternum VII at basal 2/3 by sublateral sulcus; paratergite VIII subangular at posterior angles, nearly reaching apex of paratergite IX; paratergite IX widely rectangle-shaped, with posterior margin concave.</p> <p> <i>Measurements</i> [in mm, ♂♂ (holotype and paratypes, n=21; holotype in parentheses) / ♀♀ (paratypes, n=20)]. Body length 4.62–5.42 (5.28) / 4.77–5.76; head length 0.48–0.63 (0.62) / 0.62–0.67, width across eyes 0.46–0.60 (0.51) / 0.48–0.53; length of antennae 1.10–1.21 (1.21) / 1.13–1.24; pronotum length 0.51–0.58 (0.58) / 0.55– 0.62, width 1.27–1.43 (1.43) / 1.38–1.50; scutellum length 0.60–0.69 (0.69) / 0.67–0.74, width 1.04–1.17 (1.17) / 1.17–1.24; abdomen length 2.48–3.04 (2.94) / 3.08–3.22, width 1.75–2.16 (2.12) / 1.89–2.39; pygophore length 0.41–0.46 (0.46), width 0.39–0.41 (0.41).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is named after the sacred mountain of Tsushima Island, Mt. Tatera-san where a virgin forest has been conserved as an object of worship, referring to the environs of the collection site of the holotype (Fig. 16); an adjective.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Japan: Tsushima Island, Kyushu, Shikoku, the Ryukyus (Yakushima Island, Amami Oshima Island) (Fig. 22).</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> This new species inhabits laurel forests where a rich natural environment has been preserved. The type specimens were collected from under the bark of unidentified dead broad-leaved trees (Fig. 17). Some of the observed individuals formed a large group that was composed of all developmental stages (Figs. 18–19), but a small number of them were found individually (Figs. 20–21). Specimens were occasionally found with the following other aradid species: <i>Paraneurus hainanensis</i> (Kormilev, 1968), <i>Neuroctenus taiwanicus</i> Kormilev, 1955, and <i>Brachyrhynchus taiwanicus</i> (Kormilev, 1957). Adults and nymphs of the new species were found from spring to fall, and eggs and first-instar nymphs in July (Fig. 19).</p> <p> <b>Subgeneric placement.</b> Three subgenera have been recognized in the genus <i>Aneurus</i> by Heiss(1998a): <i>Aneurodes</i> Heiss, 1998, <i>Neaneurus</i> Heiss, 1998, and the nominotypical <i>Aneurus</i>. Having a combination of the morphological characteristics such as the relatively large contergite, the relatively wide parameres, and the abdominal dorsum lacking any spine, the new species <i>A</i>. <i>taterasanus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is undoubtedly classified into the subgenus <i>Aneurodes</i>. The new species is the first documented occurrence of <i>Aneurodes</i> in Japan.</p> <p> <b>Comparative notes.</b> In the subgenus <i>Aneurodes</i>, four species, all from the Palaearctic Region, have been known prior to this study. This new species, <i>A</i>. <i>taterasanus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, is distinguished from these species by a combination of the following characteristics: antenniferous tubercle acute at apex; hemelytron with a yellowish brown marking (Figs. 1, 3, 20–21); spiracles II and VII lateral, visible in dorsal view, III to VI ventral, and VIII terminal (Figs. 6, 8); contergite relatively small (Figs. 5, 7); and pygophore pyriform (Fig. 9).</p> <p> Species of the subgenus <i>Aneurodes</i> are very similar in overall morphology to those of the genus <i>Paraneurus</i>, therefore the latter genus might be closely related to the genus <i>Aneurus</i> to which <i>Aneurodes</i> belongs. The only difference between <i>Aneurodes</i> and <i>Paraneurus</i> is apparently the presence of a contergite in <i>Aneurodes</i>, which is absent in <i>Paraneurus</i>. Since the contergite is almost impossible to observe with the wings closed, determining a given specimen belongs to <i>Aneurodes</i> or <i>Paraneurus</i> is often more difficult than the identification of species of <i>Aneurodes</i>. Therefore, a comparison between this new species, the Japanese <i>P</i>. <i>nipponicus</i> (Kormilev & Heiss, 1976) and the Taiwanese <i>P</i>. <i>bimaculatus</i> (Kormilev & Heiss, 1977), which are particularly similar in appearance, is also discussed here. The new species is distinguished from them by the following characters: pronotum with a slightly incurved anterior border, anteriorly projected anterolateral angles, strongly sinuate lateral margins of the anterior lobe (vs. straight anterior border, anterolateral angles not projected, weakly sinuate lateral margins of the anterior lobe); pyriform pygophore (vs. acorn-shaped pygophore) (Fig. 9); and a slightly larger body size (4.6–5.8 mm; vs. 4.5–5.0 mm). Incidentally, the yellowish brown markings on the hemelytra are often difficult to observe because the oil emitted from the specimen discolors the body surface after death.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Our description and illustration of the everted phallus of the new species <i>A</i>. <i>taterasanus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is the first documentation of these structures for a representative of the subfamily Aneurinae (Figs. 12–15). The structure, although apparently simpler, is similar to that of other species of Aradidae as illustrated by previous studies (Heiss 2007, Leston 1955, Usinger & Matsuda 1959, Yang 2004). The endosoma, including the shape and number of membranous processes and sclerotized spines, did not show any significant intraspecific variability among the specimens observed. The structure of the phallus may potentially be useful for species identification in <i>Aneurus</i> and its related genera and they deserve further study.</p> <p> As mentioned above, species of the subgenus <i>Aneurodes</i> (or the genus <i>Aneurus</i>) and the genus <i>Paraneurus</i> are very similar to one another in morphology, except for the presence or absence of the contergite, so it seems questionable whether it is justified to define <i>Aneurodes</i> and <i>Paraneurus</i> by this difference alone. A detailed study of the structure of the phallus of the species of both genus group taxa may be helpful for their redefinition.</p>Published as part of <i>Shimamoto, Shusuke & Ishikawa, Tadashi, 2022, A new species of the flat bug genus Aneurus from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera Aradidae), pp. 385-393 in Zootaxa 5141 (4)</i> on pages 386-392, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.4.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6592993">http://zenodo.org/record/6592993</a>
Correction: Shimamoto, M. Normative Corporate Income Tax with Rent for SDGs’ Funding: Case of the U.S. Sustainability 2023, 15, 3176
No full textThe author would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [...
Evidence of thermal pressurization in high-velocity friction experiments on smectite-rich gouges
No full textThermal pressurization of pore fluid is one of the possible mechanisms responsible for dynamic weakening in landslides and earthquakes, but, to date, has not been reproduced in the laboratory. Here, we report high-velocity experiments performed in a rotary shear friction apparatus on smectite-rich gouges from the 1963 Vaiont landslide (Italy). The gouges were slid under 1 MPa normal stress, for displacements up to 30 m and a slip rate of 1.31 m s-1 under room-humidity and water-saturated conditions. Sample dilatancy was observed in room-humidity runs after similar to 3-4 m of slip, concomitant with an increase in normal stress and a decrease in shear stress. Mineralogical and microstructural investigations suggest that dilatancy resulted from expansion of the H(2)O released by the collapse of the smectite structure due to frictional heating of the slipping zone at T > 200 degrees C. We conclude that sample dilatancy is due to thermal pressurization of the clay-rich gouge
Effects of fault-gouge on the frictional properties of rocks : an experimental study
No full textVita.The effects of fault gouge on the sliding behavior of rocks are studied experimentally to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of shallow focus earthquakes along pre-existing natural faults. Nearly 200 specimens of Tennessee sandstone with various gouges along a 35�� precut are deformed dry in a triaxial apparatus, at room temperature, -4 shortening rates of about 5 x 10 /sec, and confining pressures to 3 kb. A mechanical model is developed to describe stick-slip in the experimental system. It is shown that under plausible assumptions, stickslip in the triaxial system becomes mathematically analogous to that in a simple, spring/mass/slider-block system. The theory agrees well with the experiments with respect to the cosine form of the displacement time function, a constant rise time of stick-slip, and a linear relation between the force drop and the average particle velocity. Based on the stick-slip model, it is argued that differences in the behavior among various gouges are due primarily to the differences in the frictional properties of specimen along the sliding surface; i.e., inertial and elastic properties of the experimental system are lit t le influenced by gouge type. Sliding behavior depends markedly on the material used as the gouge. Experimental results from monomineralic gouges show that Mphs' hardness of a mineral is a useful parameter to predict the general behavior of gouge. The most unstable behavior is associated with gouge composed of minerals with intermediate hardness (dolomite, anhydrite and calcite); these gouges undergo the transition from stable sliding to stick-slip at about 0.5 - 0.8 kb. Gouge composed of hard minerals such as quartz or feldspar behave more stably, but stick-slip occurs at pressures above 2.5 kb. Only stable sliding is observed for gouge composed of soft minerals like halite
Estimtiva do acúmulo de biomassa em espécies arbóreas como subsídio a projetos de restauração da Mata Atlântica.
No full textThe potential of biomass accumulation in restored tropical forest: estimates from Atlantic Forest of Brazil.
No full textPeriodicidade de crescimento e características dos anéis de crescimento de espécies árboreas da Mata Atlântica.
No full textRelating high-velocity rock friction experiments to coseismic slip in the presence of melts
No full textThe dynamic strength (tau_f) of faults during coseismic slip is a major unknown
in earthquake mechanics, though it has crucial influence on rupture properties,
dynamic stress drop, radiated energy and heat produced during slip. In order to
provide constraints on tau_f, High-Velocity Rock Friction Experiments (HVRFE) are
conducted on natural rocks with rotary shear apparatuses, reproducing slip (several
meters) and slip rate (0.1–3 m s-1) typical of large earthquakes. Among the various
weakening mechanisms possibly activated during seismic slip, we focus on melt
lubrication. Solidified, friction-induced melts (pseudotachylytes) decorate some
exhumed seismic faults, showing that melt can occur on natural faults, though its
frequency is still a matter of debate. In the presence of melt, tau_f undergoes an initial
strengthening stage, followed by a dramatic weakening stage (thermal runaway).
Field estimates based on pseudotachylyte thickness and experimental measures of
tau_f suggest large stress drops once thermal runaway is achieved. These estimates of
tau_f are compatible with large dynamic stress drops and high radiation efficiency, as
observed for some earthquakes. Moreover, the threshold for the onset of thermal
runaway might explain differences between the mechanics of small (M < 4) and
large earthquakes. A simple mathematical model coupling melting, extrusion and
thermal diffusion reproduces some observed experimental features such as the
duration of the weakening stage and the convergence to a steady-state
Syntheses and 3D-Structural Analyses of α,β-Didehydroalanine- and α,β-Didehydrovaline-Homopeptides.
No full textIn: "Peptide Science 2005". T. Wakamiya, Ed., The Japanese Peptide Society, Osaka, Japan, 2006, pp. 381-384
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