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Metodi innovativi di analisi dei movimenti sportivi
No full textIn recent years, concepts and tools from dynamical systems theory have been successfully applied to the study of movement systems, contradicting traditional views of variability as noise or error. It is apparent that variability in movement systems is omnipresent and unavoidable due to the distinct constraints that shape each individual behaviour. In this work, it is argued that trial-to-trial movement variations within individuals, and performance differences observed between individuals may be best interpreted as attempts to exploit the variability that is inherent biological systems.
That is, variability in movement systems helps individuals adapt to the unique constraints (personal, task and environmental) impinging on them across different timescales. Here is examined the implications of these ideas for sports performance, by: (a) interpreting different constraints on individual coordination strategy in physical performance and (b) focusing on variability in performance control and skill acquisition in athletes. The implementation of a dynamical systems theoretical interpretation of variability in movement systems signals a need to re-evaluate the traditional ‘medical model’ that interprets motor behaviour and performance constrained by disease or injury to the movement system. Accordingly, there is a need to exploit new tools for providing individualised plots of motor behaviour and performance as a function of key constraints. Coordination profiling is proposed as one such alternative approach to assess each unique performance. The approach taken is that the control of multiple degrees-of-freedom systems is not necessarily more difficult or complex than that of systems only comprising a few degrees of freedom, with the conclusion that dynamical systems theory provides an appropriate multidisciplinary theoretical framework to explain their interaction in supporting physical performance.
From this perspective the use of new technology as 3D stereophotogrammetry can help scientists to understand the intrinsic dynamics of sport movements.
Intralimb joint coordination of the lower extremities in resistance training exercises
No full textTo facilitate the greatest transfer of improvements to athletic performance or daily activity, the resistance training exercises employed by athletic or recreationally trained individuals must be selected considering biomechanical similarity to meet the specific demands of their sport or activity. The purpose of this study was to compare intralimb joint coordination in eight experienced lifters performing three conventional strength-training exercises: the forward lunge, the dead lift, and the forward step-up. Lower-extremity angular displacement curves, maximum joint excursions, and mean absolute relative phases were determined. Results revealed general in-phase, interjoint relationships while comparing exercises. Forward lunge interjoint relationships were more out-of-phase when compared with the other two exercises. It is suggested that in-phase coordination was the predominant pattern employed while performing the closed kinetic chain exercises normally used in strength training, in particular for knee-hip relationship. Nevertheless the forward component of movement can change the coordination strategy when performing lunges
Selection of variables in principal components analysis: an application to enological data.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Application of chemometrics for solving problems of analytical characterization of wines.
No full textOsservazioni influenti e selezione delle variabili nell'analisi delle componenti principali: applicazioni nello studio chemiometrico dei vini.
No full textChemometric studies for characterization of wines: influence curves in canonical variates analysis.
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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