1,073 research outputs found
Evidence of mixed infection of phytoplasma and begomovirus associated with Withania somnifera and Capsicum annum plants from Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textSymptoms of yellow discoloration, curling of leaves, and
little leaves with excessive branching were observed on
Withania somnifera and Capsicum annum plants, with an
average incidence of 5 and 8%, respectively, in Hardoi
District of Uttar Pradesh, India during 2016–17 and 2017–18.
The little leaf and excessive branching suggested the possibility
of phytoplasma association. However, the presence
of whiteflies in the vicinity and leaf curling suggested begomovirus
infection. Three leaf samples from Withania somnifera
and Capsicum annum symptomatic plants and one from
non-symptomatic leaf were used for DNA isolation and were
subjected to PCR using P1/P6 primers and nested PCR
R16F2n/R16r2 primers, respectively, for the detection of phytoplasma.
The begomovirus coat protein-specific primer
AV1F/AV1R was used to detect begomovirus infection.
Nested PCR amplified the ~1.2 kb amplicon in all six symptomatic
leaves and no amplification was observed in
non-symptomatic leaves. The CP region primer yielded
~800 bp amplicons in all three symptomatic samples of each
plant. Amplified products from both primers were eluted,
purified, and sequenced. The phytoplasma sequence
obtained from Withania somnifera (MH789552) shared the
highest sequence identity (99.92%) with other isolates of a
clover proliferation group (16SrVI-D) group of phytoplasmas.
However, Capsicum annum plants shared the highest identity
(99%) with the Ca. P. asteris-related (16SrI-B) group of phytoplasma.
In silico RFLP analysis of the 1.2 kbp product of
the 16S rRNA sequence of the W. somnifera and C. annum
phytoplasma strains submitted to the pDRAW32 tool (https://
www.acaclone.com/) and phylogenetic analysis through the
MEGA 6.0 tool confirmed that it as a member of the 16SrVI-Dsubgroup and 16SrI-B subgroup, respectively. The CP gene sequence of the W. somnifera isolate (MW176071) showed
maximum identity (99%) with several isolates of the Tomato
leaf curl virus reported from various places in India. However,
the C. annum isolate (MW420480) shared maximum identity
with the Ageratum enation virus. The investigation confirmed
the mixed infection of ToLC V and 16SrVI-D group phytoplasma
in the W. somnifera plant and 16SrI-B alongwith AEV
in C. annum plants
Functionalization dependent biodegradability of two-dimensional antimonene by peroxidases: impact on immune modulation
No full text: Antimonene (Sb) is an emerging two-dimensional material belonging to group VA that has shown excellent chemical and physical properties with applications in optoelectronics, energy, catalysis, and biomedical sciences. However, the biodegradability of Sb sheets in response to immune stimulation and its impact on degradation by-products have yet to be reported. Herein, we investigated the biodegradability of Sb nanosheets by treating them with human myeloperoxidase (hMPO) and plant peroxidase (horseradish peroxidase-HRP) in the presence of a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, we studied the impact of non-covalently functionalized Sb nanosheets with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Sb-CD) on their biodegradability. The biodegradability of Sb sheets was assessed using Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that functionalized Sb sheets exhibited reduced degradability upon treatment with peroxidase due to the surface coating of β-CDs on Sb sheets. Next, the cytotoxicity results revealed that the pristine and functionalized Sb sheets and their by-degradation products did not affect human THP1 cells. Finally, the immune modulation studies with THP1 cells confirmed that Sb-nanosheets before and after partial degradation did not show significant production of TNF-α, confirming that Sb-nanosheets or degraded products played no role in the activation of the immune response. These results could provide better insights into the biodegradability of Sb sheets and their potential biomedical applications
Rapid symptom and sleep improvement with Updacitinib with or without Topical Corticosteroids (TCS) in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from 3 Phase 3 studies (measure up 1, measure up 2, and ad up)
No full textPHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF AERIAL PARTS OF TRICHODESMA INDICUM R. BR.
No full textObjective: This study was undertaken to carry out pharmacognostical studies and phytochemical studies on aerial parts of Trichodesma indicum R. Br belonging to the family Boraginaceae.Methods: The aerial parts of plant leaf and stem were evaluated for pharmacognostical studies such as macroscopy, microscopy, powder study, and quantitative microscopy. The powder was evaluated for proximate analysis like ash vale, extracting value, moisture content, swelling index, elemental analysis, fluorescence analysis, and preliminary phytochemical studies.Results: Transverse section of leaf of T. indicum R. Br. showed presence of covering trichomes with bulbous base upper and lower epidermis, collenchyma, prisms of calcium oxalate, vascular bundle and palisade cells. Surface preparation showed the presence of wavy epidermal cells, anomocytic stomata, anisocytic stomata, trichomes. Transverse section of Stem of Trichodesma indicum R. Br showed the presence of trichomes with, epidermis, hypodermis, cortex, xylem and pith. Powder study of aerial parts of T. indicum R. Br showed the presence of trichomes, xylem vessels, parenchyma, epidermal cells, fibres, calcium oxalate crystals. The powder of aerial parts was evaluated for proximate analysis such as ash value, extractive value, moisture content, total solid content, and the swelling index, which give idea about the presence of siliceous material, and amount of constituents extracted into different solvent. The elemental analysis of aerial parts showed that plant was free from heavy metal contamination i.e. arsenic, lead. The fluorescence analysis of plant powder showed that plant contains phenolic compounds. Qualitative chemical examination showed that the aerial parts of Trichodesma indicum R. Br, is credited with phytosterol, triterpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, fixed oil, fatty acids mucilage.Conclusion: The study reveals specific identifying characteristics for the particular crude drug which will be of significant use in identification and control to adulteration of the raw drug and can serve as a reference for any further investigations.Â
Studies of the effect of structural variation on Mesomorphic Characteristics in Thermotropic Mesogenes
No full textNot availabl
Role of metformin in the management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain:Managing weight gain
No full textOverweight and obesity are a threat to health, longevity and quality of life. With the growing trend of using atypical antipsychotics for various psychiatric disorders, concern regarding adverse effects has shifted from extrapyramidal side effects to weight gain and metabolic abnormalities. In this review, the author analyses the extent of the problem, the evidence base for using metformin to counteract the weight gain, and prescribing advice for using metformin effectively
RP-HPLC Determination of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations
No full textA reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP–HPLC) method was developed and subsequently validated for the determination of atomoxetine hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The separation was done by a PerkinElmer Brownlee analytical C8 column (260 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using methanol: 50 mM KH2PO2 buffer (PH adjusted to 6.8 with 0.1 M NaOH), 80:20 v/v as an eluent. UV detection was performed at 270 nm at a flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The validation of the method was performed, and specificity, reproducibility, precision accuracy and ruggedness were confirmed. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.997 for atomoxetine hydrochloride. The recovery was in the range of 99.94 to 100.98% and limit of quantification was found to be 5.707 µg/mL. The method is simple, rapid, selective and economical too and can be used for the routine analysis of drug in pharmaceutical formulations
Renal transplantation: Assessment of "at risk" diabetic foot and recommendations for mitigation
No full textWe conducted a prospective study (between November 2013 and January 2015) to identify "foot at risk" in the diabetic renal transplant patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. Patients (151) were divided into three groups: diabetic transplant recipients (n = 42), new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) (n = 59), and controls (nondiabetic renal transplant recipients) (n = 50). Foot neuropathy and vasculopathy were assessed by standard methods. Patients with "at risk" feet were given foot care advice. Of the 151 patients, 144 patients were male and seven were female with a male:female ratio of 20:1. Peripheral neuropathy was present among 42.9% of diabetic transplant patients, 35.6% of NODAT patients, and 12% of control patients. Vasculopathy was present in 28.6% of diabetic transplant patients, 23.7% of NODAT patients, and 2% of control patients. On multivariate analysis, patient′s age, mean time interval since transplantation, and HbA1c levels were significantly associated with neuropathy, whereas the duration of diabetes and vibration perception threshold was associated with vasculopathy. After undergoing renal transplantation, a significant number of diabetic and NODAT patients has their "feet at risk" who in future may develop full-blown lesions of the diabetic foot. Proper advice to patients and information to the treating doctor helps to mitigate the risk
Seasonal Abundance of Important Pests of Mango and their Correlation with Weather Parameters
No full textInternational audienceThe investigation was carried out at the Instructional Farm, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University (N.A.U.), Navsari, Gujarat, India during 2021-2022. The leaf webber, leafhopper, fruit fly, shoot borer, and thrips were found abundant, whereas the mealybug and stone weevils were very less. The leaf webber population exhibited a significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r= -0.488*) and evaporation (r=-0.483*). The leafhopper population had a highly significant positive correlation with wind velocity (r= 0.577**) and rainfall (r= 0.823**) and a significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r=-0.495*) and morning relative humidity (r= -0.414*). Fruit fly population exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r= 0.761**), wind velocity (r= 0.646**), and evaporation (r= 0.524**). There was a significant negative correlation of shoot borer population with minimum temperature (r= -0.804**), evening relative humidity (r= -0.467*), and wind velocity (r= -0.437*). Thrips population had a highly significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r= -0.690**), evening relative humidity (r= -0.879**), wind velocity (r= -0.567**), and rainfall (r= - 0.541**) and a significant positive correlation with sunshine hours (r= 0.684**) and maximum temperature (r= 0.438*). Among natural enemies, ants, mantids, spiders, and chrysopa were found in the orchard and none of the parasitoids were reported
Axisymmetric oscillations at L-H transitions in JET: M-mode
No full textL to H transition studies at JET have revealed an n = 0, m = 1 magnetic oscillation starting immediately at the L to H transition (called M-mode for brevity). While the magnetic oscillation is present a weak ELM-less H-mode regime is obtained, with a clear increase of density and a weak electron temperature pedestal. It is an intermediate state between L and H-mode. In ICRH heated plasmas or low density NBI plasmas the magnetic mode and the pedestal can remain steady (with small oscillations) for the duration of the heating phase, of order 10 s or more. The axisymmetric magnetic oscillation has period ∼0.5-2 ms, and poloidal mode number m = 1: it looks like a pedestal localised up/down oscillation, although it is clearly a natural oscillation of the plasma, not driven by the position control system. Electron cyclotron emission, interferometry, reflectometry and fast Li beam measurements locate the mode in the pedestal region. Dα, fast infrared camera and Langmuir probe measurements show that the mode modulates heat and particle fluxes to the target. The mode frequency appears to scale with the poloidal Alfvén velocity, and not with sound speed (i.e. it is not a geodesic acoustic mode). A heuristic model is proposed for the frequency scaling of the mode. We discuss the relationship between the M-mode and other related observations near the L-H transition
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