395 research outputs found
Firmness and cell wall characteristics of pasteurized jalapeno pepper rings affected by acetic acid, calcium chloride and preheating
No full textDue to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references.Consumption of jalapeno peppers has increased due to the great popularity of Mexican style foods. Fresh jalapenos are noted for their unique flavor, heat and crisp texture. Unfortunately, fresh peppers lose their crisp texture during commercial pasteurization and storage, especially when high acid brines are used. Development of treatments to retard softening may result in a higher quality product. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of calcium chloride (CaCI2), acetic acid, and preheating treatments on firmness and cell wall characteristics of pasteurized jalapeno rings. Brine treatments included three levels of acetic acid (0. 9 %, 1. 1 % and 4 %), with and without 0.2% CaC'2. For preheating peppers were incubated at 40'C for 60 minutes in 8% NaCl and 0.2% CaC'2and then processed in brine containing 0. 9 % acetic acid and 0. 2 % calcium chloride. The control received no preheating treatment. Peppers were pasteurized to an internal temperature of 74'C, and held for 15 min. Texture, water soluble pectins (WSP), chelator soluble pectins (CSP), dilute alkali soluble pectins (OHSP), non-extractable pectins (NXP), and pectin degree of esterification (DE) were measured after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 months storage at 230C. Pepper rings packed in brine containing CaC'2 were firmer, had greater levels of CSP and pectin DE, and lower levels of WSP than peppers packed in brine containing no CaC'2-Pepper rings packed in low acid brines (0. 9 % and 1. 1 % acetic acid) were finner and had lower levels of WSP than peppers packed in high acid brine. High acid brine treatment (4% acetic acid) resulted in softening and pectin solubilization, but CaC'2ameliorated softening under high acid conditions. Improved firmness in CaC'2 treated samples was probably due to greater association between Ca" ions and pectic substances, which resisted acid hydrolysis. Pepper rings which were preheated had lower levels of WSP, OHSP, and higher texture values and levels of NXP than non-preheated peppers. Preheated peppers were firmer than the control. Firmness enhancement during preheating might be due to activation of pectin methylesterase and creation of more binding sites for calcium
Advanced Sealing Solutions for Non
No full textTutorialTwo-thirds of the pipelines in North America are transporting non-crude hydrocarbon products such as NGL, diesel, avaiation fuel, Copyright�� 2020 by Turbomachinery Laboratory, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station propane, ethane, etc. This industry and the number of miles of pipeline is growing as the need for these products are increasing to record levels. Industry regulations and environmental concerns are becoming more stringent and demanding for the pipeline operators. Operators are looking for reliable and proven technologies to meet these growing demands. A pipeline is made up of a series of pumping stations to maintain process flows. Typically they are separated by 50-70 miles depending on the product being transported and the terrain. Usually one pumping station will have between two to three pumps in series with one pump at maximum line pressure. Operators are looking for increased reliability and better control of leakage, or lost product, during normal and catastrophic seal failures. Many end-users have in-house requirements on product containment and preferences on seal arrangement. These preferences are designed to enhance pump reliability, reduce maintenance costs, and improve run time, while providing the level of product containment required to meet environmental regulations. Two years ago, an innovative Non-Pusher Secondary Sealing technology was introduced to the industry to improve seal performance on crude services. This now proven technology has been utilized in services throughout North America. That same technology has now been developed into a seal capable of handling non-crude hydrocarbon applications. In this paper we look at the development, testing, and field deployment of a primary seal and a non-contacting, bi-directional secondary containment seal for non-crude hydrocarbon services
Advanced Sealing Solutions for Non-Crude Hydrocarbon Services
No full textTutorialThree years ago, the Non-Pushing Secondary Seal (NPSS) technology was introduced to the pipeline industry and since then it has successfully addressed challenging pipeline services. Over 300 seals have been installed utilizing the NPSS technology on crude services across North America. The use of Non-Pusher Sealing Technology represents a novel approach to the pipeline industry and has proven to enhance the reliability of crude oil pipeline applications. The NPSS technology has been meeting the stringent environmental regulations and the demands of the operators for safe, reliable, performance. This unique Non-Pusher Secondary Seal elastomeric element stretches and compresses to take up shaft/axial movement experienced by the seal in certain pipeline services. The sealing faces of the non-pusher seal tracks each other while in operation while providing class leading emission containment. In pipeline services shaft shuttling can occur due to the unstable axial loading conditions during hydraulic upsets [1]. Hydraulic shaft shuttling would quickly wear an O-ring and fret the stub sleeve resulting in increased leakage and premature seal failure. Coatings under the dynamic O-ring have been used in the past to help reduce the fretting of the O-ring, but they do not hold up over the expected life of the seal. Even the hardest of coatings have shown not to last more than a year under shuttling conditions. When using the NPSS, hard coating of the stub sleeve is no longer required because there is no movement of the secondary seal under shuttling conditions. This saves time and cost during seal refurbishment. Figure 1.0 illustrates the Non-Pusher Secondary Seal (NPSS) used on a high duty single seal utilizing a dual bushing [2] as the containment device (API Plan 66A)
Development and Testing of Dual Pressurized and Dry Runing Containment Seals Utilizing Non-pusher Seal Technology for Liquid Hydrocarbon Pipelines
No full textShort courseOperators are looking for increased reliability and better control of leakage, or lost product, during normal and catastrophic seal failure
India and China: A Comparative Analysis of Mobile Phones in Agriculture
No full textIn 2010, China and India were named the first and second largest mobile phone markets in the world based on their number of subscribers. India and China have focused on extending their telecommunication services into rural areas for socio-economic benefits. Both countries liberalized and privatized the industry under different political regimes utilizing different strategies. The aim of this thesis is to examine the collaborative efforts of public and private agencies in India and the role they do in disseminating information to farmers through mobile phones when compared to the government agencies in China that have been created to share that information in order to determine which program is more effective. To answer this question, the thesis compares Indian and Chinese policies and programs enacted to encourage sales and use of mobile phones in the agricultural sector to increase efficiency and encourage growth. As free market principles and private for-profit corporations are generally more efficient than government agencies, this thesis hypothesizes that the policies and development initiatives taken by the Indian government are more successful in disseminating information than the government agency approach followed by China. In response to the above research question, the thesis reveals that while the mobile phone agricultural information service programs have been successful in their respective countries, the programs in India are more reliable and faster in disseminating information to farmers. This is determined because the number of subscribers in India's mobile phone agricultural information service programs grew 37.47% in 4 years, from 2008-2012, versus subscribers to China's agricultural information service programs that grew 21.1% from 2007-2010
The cyber pandemic: exploring the financial sextortion of young males
No full textAs the world grappled with Covid-19, another epidemic emerged in the cyber world in the form of financial sextortion. This organized crime lures and entraps victims who are primarily teenage males and young men. This exploratory study examines the growing trend of male sextortion in the past couple of years through the lens of Cyber Lifestyles-Routine Activities Theory (CLRAT) and the Modus Operandi (MO) of sextortionists. Using a semi-systematic literature review, this study investigates victimization through the key elements of CLRAT: exposure & proximity, target attractivity, and guardianship. There is also an examination of MO in both the possession and extortion stages, as a way to understand offending behaviours. The findings highlight how the interplay between CLRAT & MO explains the susceptibility of young males to victimization. This new wave of sextortion lures young males primarily for financial gains compared to conventional victims who are females targeted through sexual motives. The study explores the existing minor & gendered-focus lens on sextortion, calling attention to the unique challenges financial sextortion poses from a legal perspective, for law enforcement, and for victim services
Profile of Farmers in Ananthapuramu District Adopting Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies
No full textThe consequences of climate change are posing new challenges to the farming community in all possible forms. The study area, Ananthapuramu district is one of the five vulnerable districts in Andhra Pradesh state with the least average annual rainfall. Considering the rainfall as the criterion, four blocks were chosen for the study with the least average annual rainfall. Two villages from each block were selected based on the highest number of farmers. The sample size was 161 chosen by the Multi-Stage proportionate Random Sampling method. First-hand information was collected from the farmers with the help of a well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. The findings exposed the medium or moderate behavior of the respondents towards the selected variables and can be enhanced to higher levels by opting for efficiency measures
Fabrication and characterization of a novel magnetoelectric multiferroic MEMS cantilevers on Si
No full textIn this paper, the fabrication and characterization of a novel magnetoelectric multiferroic (Dy modified BiFeO(3) or BDFO) MEMS cantilevers fabricated directly on Si have been reported for the first time ever. The functioning of BDFO microcantilevers has been tested in the presence of electric field as well as magnetic field. The transverse piezoelectric coefficients d(31) and e(31) of the BDFO films measured from the deflection of the cantilever under applied voltage were -40 pm/V and -5.63 C/m(2) respectively. The piezoelectric properties of BDFO films are similar to that reported for lead zirconate titanate (PZT), while offering additional flexibility in designing and operating MEMS devices. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
The impact of a plastic ban implementation scenario on residents of Tiruchirappalli region
No full textPlastic was created first for its durability, extended life, and capacity to be moulded into a broad range of items. There are three reasons why plastics are still used in the packaging sector, even though they are harmful to the environment. First, its low economic cost and widespread circulation. The second feature is their capacity to contain air and water while remaining watertight. The third characteristic is its relative inertness. Based on this, respondents were polled to assess their awareness of alternatives and to comprehend the pre- and post-ban situation for plastics. About 370 respondents from different age groups from different sectors from urban and rural dwellers of Trichy were asked about the prohibition of plastic carry bags, its acceptance, the alternatives available and the cost paid. Most respondents were unhappy about the removal of plastic bags and the high cost of cloth or other bags. Due to environmental concerns and their implications, it was revealed that the negative effects of plastics had not entered society sufficiently to allow the people to reject them. However, durability, lightness, flexibility, and low cost still predominate because the consumer requires plastic bags. Strict steps aiming at promoting public knowledge of the damaging consequences of plastics, their negative impact on the environment, and lowering the costs of alternatives should be explored as immediate remedies
A study on estrogen receptor, progesterone receptors, HER-2/NEU status in breast cancer cases attending to a tertiary care hospital of Andhra Pradesh
No full textBACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the commonest form of cancer leading to considerable mortality and morbidity in developing countrylike India with age adjusted rate of 25.8 per 1,00,000 population.it is observed that expression of certain epidermal growth factor for certain receptors like Estrogen receptor(ER), Progesterone receptor(PR) and HER2/neu receptors are increased in certain malignancies, estimating which can help in preventive, promotive and therapeutic aspects of breast malignancy. AIM: the current retrospective study was undertaken to assess the ER, PR and HER – 2 / new states in breast carcinoma at Government Medical College and General hospital, Anantapuramu. An effort is made also to assess certain epidemiological factors associated with breast cancers.RESULTS: The current study indicated that mean age of presentation is 50. years. breast cancers are common in middle age group woman of rural areas who premenopausal and are have less than two children. The commonest histological type found is infiltrating ductal carcinoma(NOS) type. Hormone – expression in our study in low compared to western population but comparable with Indian studies
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