1,720,960 research outputs found
By-products in surface and reclaimed water disinfected with various agents
No full textPollution of natural water resources and water shortages make it difficult to cope with the total demand for water (potable, industrial, agricultural uses). As a consequence, the interest for alternative resources, such as reclaimed wastewater, is growing. In this field, new needs are coming to the attention of researchers, especially with respect to compounds potentially toxic for the environment and human health. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation is therefore a subject to be closely examined since the disinfection process is the final step of nearly all post-treatment schemes. Information on DBPs formation, when biologically treated and filtered wastewater is disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), peracetic acid (PAA) or UV irradiation, is given with reference to the results of long-term pilot- scale research on disinfection for wastewater reclamation and reuse. When NaClO was used, total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) concentration did not comply with the new Italian law for direct agricultural reuse, despite the good quality of the effluent to be reclaimed. On the contrary, the use of PAA, quite frequently utilised as a NaClO substitute in Italy, led to no significant DBPs formation. A set of tests using UV irradiation confirmed, also in this field, the overall safety of this disinfection agent with respect to DBPs formation. This work deals also with drinking water treatment, giving information on the risk of DBPs formation when PAA is used for surface water pre-disinfection. In this case, very low concentrations of aldehydes were observed and no formation of halogenated by-products was evidenced, even at high TOC content
Preliminary study on the Use of GAS FT-IR for the evaluation of cheese volatile fraction: comparison with SPME/GC/MS technique
No full textStudy on the use of evolved gas analysis FT-IR (EGA FT-IR) for the evaluation of cheese volatile fraction
No full textEstimation of fat globule size distribution in milk using an inverse light scattering model in the near infrared region
No full textThe determination of particle characteristics from light scattering patterns is a challenging inversion problem and, not least, a demanding instrumentation problem. Despite the importance of the knowledge of size distribution in several technological dairy processes, often laser diffractometers and other instrumentation for particle size analysis are not available in dairy laboratories and, therefore, such information is not easily available, except for research purposes. Near infrared (NIR) instrumentation, instead, is largely available in dairy labs. Laser granulometers are based on the principle that particles scatter light from one or two laser beams with an angular pattern directly related to their size. Consequently, a suspension of particles forms an angular pattern of scattered light that is characteristic of its size distribution. In a similar manner, a NIR spectrometer in transmission mode can be considered as a tool for studying the behaviour of forward scattering at different wavelengths. In this work, a model based on an approximation of Mie scattering was developed for the calculation of scattering due to fat globules in the NIR transmission spectrum of milk. The inversion of the model was applied to raw milk spectra in the spectral regions from 1000 nm to 1360 nm and from 1580 nm to 1800 nm, free from strong absorption bands, in order to estimate the fat particle size distribution. More than 700 samples, collected monthly for two years from 50 Friesi an- Holstein, 7 Jersey and 5 Brown cows, were analysed. Four hundred of these samples were also analysed using a laser granulometer. The correlation (r2) between NIR and laser granulometric data was equal to 0.95 for the mean volume surface diameter (d3,2) with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.11 microns. A sub-class of Weibull distribution with only one freedom parameter proved to be suffi cient in order to describe milk fat globule distribution and fi t spectral data. The method developed in this work can be useful both for genetic selection and technological purposes and easily extended to the analysis of other dietary fat emulsions
POLY-PAPER AN INNOVATIVE COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR PACKAGING, RECYCLABLE WITH PAPER AND CARDBOARD
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Valutazione di rivestimenti a base amido su cartone contro la migrazione di oli minerali
No full textIl presente lavoro di ricerca riporta i risultati riguardanti la valutazione
della proprietà barriera di differenti rivestimenti a base amido contro la
migrazione di oli minerali provenienti da carta e cartone per imballaggio
alimentare. Lo studio è stato focalizzato su differenti formulazioni, in
considerazione del contenuto in plasticizzante (sorbitolo), tecnica di
deposizione (applicatore a barra su scala di laboratorio vs size press su
impianto pilota) e alla tipologia di amido (contenuto in
amilosio/amilopectina, caratteristiche visco-amilografiche e grado di
modificazione). I materiali sviluppati sono stati utilizzati per prove di
migrazione condotte in celle di vetro (Migracell – Fabes) a diverse
combinazioni di tempo/temperatura. L’utilizzo di tali celle ha permesso la
valutazione delle proprietà barriera alla migrazione di tali bio-rivestimenti
posti tra una carta appositamente contaminata da idrocarburi saturi
(donatore) e il simulante alimentare Tenax® (recettore) in contatto diretto
o indiretto. Inoltre è stato realizzato un test di confronto con una
situazione reale di stoccaggio, nella quale è stata utilizzata una carta
riciclata contenente oli minerali come donatore. I risultati emersi sono
stati evidenziati e discussi insieme alle caratteristiche chimico-fisiche
proprie dei bio-polimeri testati, valutate mediante differenti tecniche di
caratterizzazione. In conclusione, attraverso il presente studio, è stato
possibile acquisire un necessario patrimonio di conoscenze riguardo
alle potenziali proprietà di barriera alla migrazione di materiali allo
stesso tempo biodegradabili
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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