119 research outputs found

    The Church formation process and its collegiality in the light of the Marian principle

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    The article shows a five-step process of the formation of the Church: 1. the extra-temporal idea of God the Father, 2. her development in the Old Covenant, 3. establishing by Jesus, 4. fulfilling herself from the Pentecost, and 5. aiming at an eschatological fullness – which is a prospect to prove the thesis that the departure from the Marian principle or even its partial weakening leads to the impoverishment of her entire divine-human reality. Consequently, there is a disturbance of the Church’s hierarchical structure and thus improper functioning of collegiality and the weakening of the Church’s credibility and missionary nature. Without this tension between the Marian principle and Peter’s principle, the Christian community is not fully functioning in its missionary activity either. This was pointed out not only by Paul VI in his exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi as early as 1975, but also recently by Francis in the 2013 exhortation Evangelii gaudium. The Marian principle in the Church becomes an inalienable guarantee of proper evangelization in the modern world. Correctly constructed ecclesiology is not disconnected, not only from Trinitology, Christology, pneumatology but also from Mariology.o. prof. dr hab. ANDRZEJ NAPIÓRKOWSKI OSPPE – paulin. Od 2001 r. kieruje Katedrą Eklezjologii na Wydziale Teologicznym UPJP II w Krakowie. Jego badania naukowe obejmują eklezjologię integralną, chrystologię fundamentalną, zagadnienia ekumeniczne, w tym szczególnie kwestię usprawiedliwienia, mariologię. Członek Komitetu Nauk Teologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk. W latach 2002-2008 pełnił funkcję rektora Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego Ojców Paulinów w Krakowie oraz przeora klasztoru Na Skałce. Autor ponad 30 książek oraz ponad 200 naukowych publikacji.Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w KrakowieAmbroży z Mediolanu, Expositio Evangelii secundum Lucam, 2, 85-89, [w:] Patrologia Latina 15, 1583-1586.Dąbek T. M., „Nie ma już mężczyzny ani kobiety, wszyscy bowiem jesteście jednym w Chrystusie Jezusie” (Ga 3,28). Biblia o godności i powołaniu kobiety”, Kraków 2012.Kehl M., Kirche als Institution. Zur theologischen Begründung des institutionellen Charakters der Kirche in der neueren deutschsprachigen katholischen Ekklesiologie, Frankfurt a. M. 1978.Müller G. L., Dogmatyka katolicka, Kraków 2015.Müller G. L., Kollegialität und Ausübung der höchsten kirchlichen Vollmacht. Anmerkungen zum Apostolischen Schrieben Evangelii gaudium, „Osservatore Romano“ (deutsche Ausgabe), 30. Januar 2014, s. 4-5.Napiórkowski A., Bosko-ludzka wspólnota. Podstawy katolickiej eklezjologii integralnej, Kraków 2010, s. 175-185.Napiórkowski A., Maryja jest piękna. Zarys mariologii i maryjności, Kraków 2016.Napiórkowski A., Od Arki Przymierza Jahwe do Kościoła Trójjedynego Boga, Pelplin 2019.Napiórkowski A., Proegzystencja Kościoła, Kraków 2018.Napiórkowski A., Reforma i rozwój Kościoła. Duch Boży i instytucja, Kraków 2012.Napiórkowski S. C., Maryja. W Duchowości, [w:] Encyklopedia Katolicka, t. XII, Lublin 2008, k. 27-29.Orędzie XIII Zwyczajnego Zgromadzenia Ogólnego Synodu Biskupów do Ludu Bożego, Rzym 26 V 2012.Ratzinger J./Benedykt XVI, Balthasar H. U. von, Maryja w tajemnicy Kościoła, Kraków 2007.Rosik M., Obecność Maryi w narodzinach Kościoła w świetle Nowego Testamentu, „Salvatoris Mater” 2007, 9/3/4, s. 11-28.Scheingraber S., Aufbruch zur „verbeulten Kirche“. Die Ekklesiologie von Papst Franziskus, Würzburg 2019.Życiński W., Jaka mariologia na polskiej drodze maryjnej dzisiaj, [w:] Na polskiej drodze maryjnej, red. A. Gąsior, J. Królikowski, Częstochowa – Pasierbiec 2007, s. 139-151.58410

    Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Foreign Direct Investment – The World Perspective

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    Purpose – Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been considered a robust element of globalization that was chiefly immune to financial and economic threats. However, late 2019 introduced international direct investors to COVID-19, a yet unknown risk factor. The aim of this study is to take a holistic perspective and test a research hypothesis of a negative impact of COVID-19 on relative inward FDI activity on the global scale.Research method – FDI is modelled with a series of literature-based determinants including aggregate independent variables that allowed to overcome the issue of too many FDI determinants and model underspecification simultaneously. A series of tests is run on two models (n = 152 and n = 141) to assure their econometric validity.Results – Results show that number of COVID-19 related cases and number of deaths have not had an impact on relative inward FDI on the world scale. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Unlike most studies, this one exa-mines relative FDI host attractiveness from a global/holistic perspective, which provides additional analytical context. Such determinants as market size, access to qualified labour force and quality of governance are shown to trump risks associated with COVID-19 in determining FDI activity. Policymakers should focus on economic growth, access to qualified labour force and political stability. Hence, lockdown policies were not the optimum solution.Source of financing: Article prepared as part of a project titled “Wyzwania dla globalnej gospodarki na początku trzeciej dekady XXI w.” (KGS/S22:1.15) financed by subsidy funds of the Collegium of World Economy, Warsaw School of [email protected] of World Economy, Warsaw School of EconomicsAndo M., Hayakawa K., 2022, Impact of COVID‑19 on trade services, “Japan & The World Economy”, Vol. 62, 101131, DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101131.Antonakakis N., Tondl G., 2015, Robust Determinants of OECD FDI in Developing Countries: Insights from Bayesian Model Averaging, “Cogent Economics & Finance”, Vol. 3(1), 1095851, DOI: 10.1080/23322039.2015.1095851.Aysan A.F., Kayani F.N., Kayani U.N., 2020, The Chinese Inward FDI and Economic Prospects Amid COVID‑19 crisis, “Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences”, Vol. 14(4), pp. 1088–1105.Blonigen B.A., Piger J., 2014, Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment, “Canadian Journal of Economics”, Vol. 47(3), pp. 775–812, DOI: 10.1111/caje.12091.Camino-Morgo S., Armijos M., 2021, Short‑term Effects of COVID‑19 Lockdown on Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Ecuadorian Firms, “Journal of International Development”, Vol. 34(4), pp. 715–736, DOI: 10.1002/jid.3598Charpin R., Powell E.E., Roth A.V., 2020, The Influence of Perceived Host Country Political Risk on Foreign Subunits’ Supplier Development Strategies, “Journal of Operations Management”, Vol. 67(3), pp. 329–359, DOI: 10.1002/joom.1127.Chaudhary M.K., Ghimire R.P., Ghimire D.M., 2020, Impact of COVID‑19 Pandemic on Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal from South Asian Perspectives, “Journal of Developing Economies”, Vol. 5(2), pp. 132–141, DOI: 10.20473/jde.v5i2.21409.Ciobanu R., Şova R. A., Popa A. F., 2020, The Impact of FDI over Economic Growth and How COVID‑19 Crisis Can Impact the CEE Economies, “CECCAR Business Review”, Vol. 1(4), pp. 64–72, DOI: 10.37945/cbr.2020.04.08.Congressional Research Services, 2021, Global Economic Effects of COVID‑19, https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/R46270.pdf [date of access: 13.07.2022].Contractor F.J., Dangol R., Nuruzzaman N., Raghunath S., 2020, How do Country Regulations and Business Environment Impact Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows?, “International Business Review”, Vol. 29(2), 101640, DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2019.101640.Eicher T.S., Helfman L., Lenkoski A., 2012, Robust FDI Determinants: Bayesian Model Averaging in the Presence of Selection Bias, “Journal of Macroeconomic”, Vol. 34(3), pp. 637–651, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2012.01.010.Fang J., Collins A., Yao Sh., 2021, On the Global COVID‑19 Pandemic and China’s FDI, “Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 74, 101300, DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2021.101300Field A., 2013, Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics, SAGE Publications, London.Fu Y., Alleyne A., Mu Y., 2021, Does Lockdown Bring Shutdown? Impact of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Foreign Direct Investment, “Emerging Markets Finance and Trade”, Vol. 57(10), pp. 2792–2811, DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2020.1865150.Hayakawa K., Lee H.-H., Park C.-Y., 2022, Impact of COVID‑19 on Foreign Direct Invest‑ment, ADB Economics Working Paper Series, No. 653, DOI: 10.22617/WPS220092-2.Hejazi W., Tang J., 2021, Canadian FDI in a Post COVID‑19 World: Have we Reached the Tipping Point?, “Transnational Corporations Review, Vol. 13(1), pp. 88–108, DOI: 10.1080/19186444.2020.1863118.Hitt M.A., Holmes Jr. R. M., Arregle J.-L., 2021, The (COVID‑19) Pandemic and the New World (Dis)Order, “Journal of World Business”, Vol. 56, 101210, DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2021.101210.Ho L.T., Gan Ch., 2021, Foreign Direct Investment and World Pandemic Uncertainty Index: Do Health Pandemics Matter?, “Journal of Risk and Financial Management”, Vol. 14, pp. 1–15.Hayes A.F., Cai L., 2007, Using Heteroskedasticity‑Consistent Standard Error Estimators in OLS Regression: An Introduction and Software Implementation, “Behavior Research Methods”, Vol. 39(4), pp. 709–722.Hysa E., Imeraj E., Feruni N., Panait M., Vasile V., 2022, COVID‑19 – A Black Swan for Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from European Countries, “Journal of Risk and Financial Management”, Vol. 15(4), pp. 1–21.IMF, 2020, World Economic Outlook. The Great Lockdown. International Monetary Fund, Publication Services, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020 [date of access: 13.07.2022].Jaworek M., Karaszewski W., Kuczmarska M., 2020, Pandemic Risk: Doesn’t It Really Matter? Foreign Direct Investment after COVID‑19, “Ekonomia i Prawo”, Vol. 19(2), pp. 275–290, DOI: doi.org/10.12775/EiP.2020.019.Jovanovic B., Jovanovic B., 2018, Ease of Doing Business and FDI in the Ex-socialist Countries, “International Economics and Economic Policy”, Vol. 15, pp. 587–627.Kalotay K., Sass M., 2021, Foreign Direct Investment in the Storm of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Example of Visegrad Countries, “Acta Oeconomica”, Vol. 71(S1), pp. 73–92, DOI: 10.1556/032.2021.00030Kottaridi C., Louloudi K., Karkalakos S., 2019, Human Capital, Skills and Competencies: Varying Effects on Inward FDI in the EU Context, “International Business Review”, Vol. 28(2), pp. 375–390, DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.10.008Kowalski P., 2020, Will Test Post-COVID World be Less Open to Foreign Direct Investment?, [in:] COVID-19 and Trade Policy: Why Turning Inward Won’t Work, R. Baldwin, S. J. Evenett (eds.), CEPR Press.Long J.S., Ervin L.H., 2000, Using Heteroscedasticity Consistent Standard Errors in The Linear Regression Model, “The American Statistician”, Vol. 54(3), pp. 217–224, DOI: 10.2307/2685594.McMaster M., Nettleton Ch., Tom Ch., Xu B., Cao Ch., Qiao P., 2020, Risk Management: Rethinking Fashion Supply Chain Management for Multinational Corporations in Light of the COVID-19 Outbreak, “Journal of Risk and Financial Management”, Vol. 13(8), pp. 1–16, DOI: 10.3390/jrfm13080173.Mugableh M.I., 2021, An Examination Into the Causal Links Among Inward FDI Determinants: Empirical Evidence From Jordan, “International Journal of Financial Research”, Vol. 12(2), pp. 195–201, DOI: 10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p195.Napiórkowski T.M., 2017, The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Economic Growth. The Production Function Perspective, “Optimum”, Vol. 5(89), pp. 221–236, DOI: 10.15290/ose.2017.05.89.16.Napiórkowski T.M., 2022a, Foreign Direct Investment in and from Poland in the COVID-19 Era, [in]: Poland Competitiveness Report 2022. Towards a sustainable economy in the era of the pandemic [working translation, edition in print], Kowalski A.M., Weresa M.A. (eds.), SGH Publishing House, Warsaw.Napiórkowski T.M., 2022b, Practical data analysis using quantitative methods [org. in Polish: Praktyczna analiza danych za pomocą metod ilościowych], SGH Publishing House, Warsaw.Nawo L., Njangang H., 2022, The Effect of COVID-19 Outbreak on Foreign Direct Investment: Do Sovereign Wealth Funds Matter?, “Transnational Corporations Review”, Vol. 14(2), pp. 1–17, DOI: 10.1080/19186444.2021.1964313.Nwosa P. I., 2020, Oil Prices, Exchange Rate and Stock Market Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Implications for TNCs and FDI Inflow in Nigeria, “Transnational Corporations Review”, Vol. 13(1), pp. 125–137, DOI: 0.1080/19186444.2020.1855957.OECD, 2020, Foreign Direct Investment Flows in the Time of COVID-19. OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19), “Tackling Coronavirus (Covid-19): Contributing to a Global Effort”.Ross A.G., 2019, Governance Infrastructure and FDI Flows in Developing Countries, “Transnational Corporations Review”, Vol. 11(2), pp. 109–119, DOI: 10.1080/19186444.2019.1640572.Saini N., Singhania M., 2018, Determinants of FDI in Developed and Developing Countries: A Quantitative Analysis Using GMM, “Journal of Economic Studies”, Vol. 45(2), pp. 348–382, DOI: 10.1108/JES-07-2016-0138.Sapat A., Lofaro R.J., Trautman B., 2022, Policy Responsiveness and Institutions in a Federal System: Analyzing Variations in State-Level Data Transparency and Equity Issues During the COVID-19 Pandemic, “International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction”, Vol. 77, 103066, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103066.Sharma B., 2021, COVID-19 and Recalibration of FDI Regimes: Convergence or Divergence?, “Transnational Corporations Review”, Vol. 13(1), pp. 67–73, DOI: 10.1080/19186444.2021.1890433.Tomer V., Gupta S., Manwal M., Singh D.P., 2021, How Statistics of World Health Index React Against COVID-19, “Materials Today: Proceedings”, Vol. 46, pp. 11267–11273, DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.486.UNCTAD, 2020, World Investment Report 2020. 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    The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Economic Growth. The Production Function Perspective

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    Throughout the studies on the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economic growth of the host economy, there is a significant heterogeneity in terms of the results; not only between the theory and empirics, but also within empirics itself. The aim of this study is to explain the heterogeneity of results of the previous studies on the benefits of hosting FDI. This work uses the topic-relevant literature to present the key benefits of inward FDI, which are then translated into a mathematical model, which the direct and indirect benefits are derived from and differentiated between. Firstly, this work develops a production function including the key direct and indirect effects of hosting FDI in order to (through the proof of endogenization of FDI) show that a simple inclusion of FDI as the next (usually along with capital and labor) factor of growth may lead to spurious and, therefore, inconsistent results. Secondly, the study introduces the Foreign Direct Investment Benefits Absorption Path, which due to its classification of host economies into four distinctive groups, differentiating between direct and indirect benefits of FDI, and showing their different ways of impacting the host’s economy provides a unique insight into the topic of heterogeneity of results on the impact of hosting FDI. It also provides a blueprint for further research into this topic. Lastly, the Foreign Direct Investment Benefits Absorption Path is used to develop FDI-related strategies aimed at increasing the economic growth of host countries.This publication is a result of statutory research of the Collegium of the World Economy at the Warsaw School of Economics, financed with funds from Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyż[email protected] of International Economics, Warsaw School of EconomicsAghion P., Howitt P., 1992, A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction, „Economet¬rica”, No. 60, doi:10.3386/w3223.Ahmed K., Ghani T., Gairuzazmi M., Noorihsan M., Derus A.M., 2015, Does Inward FDI Crowd-out Domestic Investment? Evidence from Uganda, „Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences”, No. 172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.395.Alfaro L., 2003, Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: Does the Sector Matter? „Semanic Scholar”, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7800/b094ee3c677a2b729345eeb0 5c696ed9a2e0.pdf?_ga=2.255193096.1432754311.1519326826-126121812.1470 476307 (date of access: 14.06.2016).Azam M., Ahmed A.M., 2015, Role of Human Capital and Foreign Direct Investment in Promoting Economic Growth, „International Journal of Social Economics”, No. 42, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-05-2014-0092.Blomström M., Kokko A., 2003, The Economics of Foreign Direct Investment Incentives, „National Bureau of Economic Research”, Working Paper, No. 9489.Blomström M., Sjöholm F., 1999, Technology Transfer and Spillovers: Does Local Participation with Multinationals Matter?, „European Economic Review”, No. 43, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(98)00104-4.Borensztein E., De Gregorio J., Lee J-W., 1998, How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth, „Journal of International Economics”, No. 45, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0022-1996(97)00033-0.Branstetter L., 2006, Is foreign direct investment a channel of knowledge spillovers? Evidence from Japan’s FDI in the United States, „Journal of International Economics”, No. 68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2005.06.006.Burda M.C., Severgnini B., 2014, Solow Residuals Without Capital Stock, „Journal of Development Economics”, No. 109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.03.007.Carkovic M.V., Levine R., 2002, Does Foreign Direct Investment Accelerate Economic Growth, Univeristy of Minnestora Department of Finance Working Paper, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTFR/Resources/fdi.pdf (date of access: 14.06.2016).Damijan J.P., Rojec M., Majcen B., Knell M., 2013, Impact of Firm Heterogeneity on Direct and Spillover Effects of FDI: Micro-evidence from Ten Transition Countries, „Journal of Comparative Economics”, No. 41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.12.001.Damijan J.P., Kostevc C., 2011, Trade Liberalisation and Economic Geography in CEE Countries: the Role of FDI in the Adjustment Pattern of Regional Wages, „Post Communist Economies”, No. 23, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2011.570041.Fatima S.T., 2016, Productivity Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Turkish Micro-level Data, „The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development”, No. 25, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2015.1050057.Farla K., De Crombrugghe D., Varspagen B., 2016, Institutions, Foreign Direct Invest-ment, and Domestic Investment: Crowding Out or Crowding In?, „World Development”, No. 88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.04.008.Heyman F., Sjöholm F., Tingvall P.G., 2007, Is There Really a Foreign Ownership Wage Premium? Evidence from Matched Employer–Employee Data, „Journal of International Economics”, nr 73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2007.04.003.Iamsiraroj S., 2016, The Foreign Direct Investment–Economic Growth Nexus, „International Review of Economics and Finance”, No. 42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2015. 10.044.Iamsiraroj S., Ulubaşoğlu M.A., 2015, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: A Real Relationship or Wishful Thinking?, „Economic Modelling”, No. 51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.08.009.Javorcik B.S., 2015, Does FDI Bring Good Jobs to Host Countries?, „World Bank Research Observer”, No. 30.Keller W., 2009, International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Technology Spillovers, „National Bureau of Economic Research”, Working Paper 15442.Kornecki L., 2008, Foreign Direct Investment and Macroeconomic Changers in CEE Integrating into the Global Market, „Investment and Management and Financial Innovations”, No. 5.Kuskowski P., Sadowski J., Strojny M., 2010, 20 Years of American Investment in Poland, American Chamber of Commerce in Poland, KPMG Sp. z o.o.Lipsey R.E., 2002, Home and Host Country Effects of FDI, „National Bureau of Economic Research”, Working Paper 9293.Liu W.S., Agbola F.W., Dzator J.A., 2016, The Impact of FDI Spillovers Effects on Total factor Productivity in the Chinese Electronic Industry: a Panel Data Analysis, „Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy”, nr 21, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2015. 1137473.McGrattan E.R., 2011, Transition to FDI Openness: Reconciling Theory and Evidence, „National Bureau of Economic Research”, Working Paper 16774.Morrissey O., Udomkerdmongkol M., 2016, Response to ‘Institutions, Foreign Direct Investment, and Domestic Investment: Crowding Out or Crowding In?, „World Development”, No. 88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.001.Morrissey O., Udomkerdmongkol M., 2012, Governance, Private Investment and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries, „World Development”, No. 40, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.004.Munteanu A-C., 2016, Knowledge Spillovers of FDI, „Procedia Economics and Finance”, No. 32, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01573-7.Nair-Reichert U., Weinhold D., 2001, Causality Test for Cross-Country Panels: New Look at FDI and Economic Growth in Developing Countries, „Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics”, No. 63, DOI: 10.1111/1468-0084.00214.Nölke A., Vliegenthart A., 2009, Enlarging the Varieties of Capitalism: The Emergence of Dependent Market Economies in East Central Europe, „World Politics”, No. 61, DOI: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40263536.Nunnenkamp P., 2002, To What Extent Can Foreign Direct Investment Help Achieve International Development Goals?, „Kiel Institute of World Economics”, Kiel Working Paper 1128.Pilbeam K., Oboleviciute N., 2012, Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd In or Crowd Out Domestic Investment? Evidence from the European Union, „The Journal of Economic Asymmetries”, No. 9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2012.01.005.Popescu G.H., 2014, FDI and Economic Growth in Central and Eastern Europe, „Sustainability”, No. 6, DOI: 10.3390/su6118149.Romer D., 2001, Advanced Macroeconomics, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York.Romer P.M., 1990, Endogenous Technological Change, „Journal of Political Economy”, No. 98.Solow R.M., 1956, A contribution to the theory of economic growth, „The Quarterly Journal of Economics”, No. 70, https://doi.org/10.2307/1884513.Svedin D., Stage J., 2016, Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Efficiency in Swedish Manufacturing, „Springerplus”, No. 5, DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2238-x.Szkorupová Z., 2015, Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Investment in Selected Countries of Central and Eastern Europe, „Procedia Economics and Finance”, No. 23, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00350-0.Temiz D., Gökmen A., 2014, FDI Inflow as an International Business Operation by MNCs and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Turkey, „International Business Review”, No. 23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.03.003.Teixeira A.A.C., Queirós A.S.S., 2016, Economic Growth, Human Capital and Structural Change: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis, „Research Policy”, No. 45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.04.006.Tomohara A., Takii S., 2011, Does Globalization Benefit Developing Countries? Effects of FDI on Local Wages, „Journal of Policy Modeling”, No. 33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2010.12.010.Tülüce N.S., Doğan İ., 2014, The Impact of Foreign Direct Investments on SMEs’ Development, „Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences”, No. 150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.012.Velde D.W. te, 2006, Foreign direct investment and development: An historical perspective, „World Economic and Social Survey for 2006”, Commissioned by UNCTAD.Wang C.C., Wu A., 2016, Geographical FDI Knowledge Spillover and Innovation of Indigenous Firms in China, „International Business Review”, No. 25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.12.004.Zghidi N., Sghaier I.M., Abida Z., 2016, Does Economic Freedom Enhance the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in North African Countries? A Panel Data Analysis, African „Development Review”, No. 28, DOI: 10.1111/1467-8268.12167.5(89)22123

    Legendy miejskie netloru jako wyraz niepokojów współczesnego świata na przykładzie legend internetowych

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     Netlore urban legends as an expression of unrestin the modern worldThe article discusses the topic of urban legends on the Internet. The author presents the contemporary context in which urban legends function, paying attention to the importance of social un­rest in shaping and disseminating these stories. Furthermore, the author presents other forms related to urban legends circulating on the internet, such as chain letters and creepypasta. Using the example of netlore legends, the author presents areas in which the anxiety arising from the development of modern technology can freely spread — primarily the internet, viruses and computer applications that can be provided as a source and form of fear transmission. The author refers to the theory of the rumor of Jean Delumeau, and Marshall McLuhan’s media theory. The examples of urban legends have been drawn from Mark Barber’s book Urban legends. Netlore urban legends as an expression of unrestin the modern worldThe article discusses the topic of urban legends on the Internet. The author presents the contemporary context in which urban legends function, paying attention to the importance of social un­rest in shaping and disseminating these stories. Furthermore, the author presents other forms related to urban legends circulating on the internet, such as chain letters and creepypasta. Using the example of netlore legends, the author presents areas in which the anxiety arising from the development of modern technology can freely spread — primarily the internet, viruses and computer applications that can be provided as a source and form of fear transmission. The author refers to the theory of the rumor of Jean Delumeau, and Marshall McLuhan’s media theory. The examples of urban legends have been drawn from Mark Barber’s book Urban legends

    Jestem Miłością i Miłosierdziem samym. Fatima a Miłosierdzie, praca zb. pod red. ks. Krzysztofa Czapli SAC i s. M. Elżbiety Siepak ZMBM, Apostolicum Wyd. Księży Pallotynów, Ząbki 2015, ss. 208.

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    Recenzja książki: Jestem Miłością i Miłosierdziem samym. Fatima a Miłosierdzie, praca zb. pod red. ks. Krzysztofa Czapli SAC i s. M. Elżbiety Siepak ZMBM, Apostolicum Wyd. Księży Pallotynów, Ząbki 2015, ss. 208

    Adam Małysz jako epicki wojownik. Przyczynek do mitologii współczesnej

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    The author attempts to apply an anthropological theory of heroship to analyze selected press narrations about the polish ski jumper – Adam Małysz. To find archaic patterns shaping the contemporary mythology, the author juxtapose relations about sportsman’s successes and archetypical images of heroes. This kind of comparison shows surprising analogies between the cultural image of Adam Małysz and the archaic paradigm of an epic warrior, who continuously search for new challenges increasing his fame.Marcin Napiórkowsk

    The Idea of Peace in the Teachings of Bl. John Paul II

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    Referat Stanisława Celestyna Napiórkowskiego na minisympozjum w Łodzi-Łagiewnikach w 2011 roku.The author lays out 27 Peace Proclamations of John Paul II pointing out those elements in context, stating the Pope’s stance towards the Persian Gulf War (based on the magisterial work of Fr. Janusz Szypulski written under the direction of Prof. Fr. B.L. Dyczewski), and on the meeting of Religious Leaders of different Churches and Religions in Assisi in 1986. The author notes the unexpected echo the Assisi meeting made: 1. In Chicago (that is the World Religions Parlament of 1993 with the Declaration for World Ethics of 1995), 2. With Graz in 1997 and the Oecumenica Charter in 2001, 3. In Astana, the new capital of Kazakhstan, with the period (every 3 years) to meet with the leaders of different religions in the Middle East and 4. With the International Theological Commission which in the spirit of the Assisi meeting worked out the document Christianity and Religions (1996)
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