1,781 research outputs found
Hydrodynamics and Metzner-Otto correlation in stirred vessels for yield stress fluids
No full textThis paper investigates the hydrodynamics and power consumption in laminar stirred vessel flowusing numerical computation. The Metzner–Otto correlation was established for mixing in power-law fluids. This paper focuses on its application to yield stress fluids. Distributions of shear rates and their link to power consumption for helical and anchor agitators are discussed. Insight is sought from the analytical formula for Taylor–Couette flows. Laws are established for Bingham, Herschel-Bulkley and Casson fluids and reveal similar results. Fully or partially sheared flow situations with plug regions are considered. Depending on the fluid model, the concept is valid or constitutes a satisfactory approximation for fully sheared flows. When the flow is partially sheared, the expression depends on the Bingham number and the concept must be adapted. The results of the numerical simulations are interpreted in the light of this analysis and results from the literature
Medienrecht
No full textStock M. Medienrecht. In: Grimm D, Papier H-J, eds. Nordrhein-westfälisches Staats- und Verwaltungsrecht. Frankfurt am Main: Metzner; 1986: 651-703
Toward the virtual elimination of mercury in the solid waste stream.
No full text"Prepared by the Department of Environmental Protection ... primary author was Thomas Metzner"--P. [2] of cover.; "March 2000."; Includes bibliographical references.; Harvested from the web on 4/13/0
Experimentation and modeling for the apparent elongation viscosity of polymer melts with the White-Metzner model
No full textThe measurement of the apparent elongation viscosity ( ) of several polyolefin melts was conducted in this study by using the isothermal fiber-spinning method. The White-Metzner (W-M) model was used to analyze the spinning flow of the polymer melts and, thus, the elongation viscosity was predicted at elongation strain rates ranging from 0 to approximately 5 s-1. The values of the model parameters required in the W-M model were obtained by curve-fitting the experimental data obtained from the shear measurements. The elongation viscosity predicted using the W-M model was in good agreement with the experimental results of fiber spinning. In addition, could also be estimated directly from the measured shear viscosity ( ) with a formulation using the W-M model; the subsequently obtained elongation viscosity and Trouton ratio ( ) were reasonable within a wide range of strain rates. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, the polyolefin with a high molecular weight was observed to have high elongation viscosity, and the polymer with a broad molecular weight distribution also possessed high . The TR value of the commercial polypropylene (PP-1040) began to increase from 3 at a deformation rate of 0.1 s-1 and grew up asymptotically to 10, whereas the TR of high-density polyethylene (HDPE-606) remained at 3 within the entire range of strain rates.補正完畢SCIEI紙本電子
Corythalia tribulosa Bayer & Höfer & Metzner 2020, sp. nov.
No full textCorythalia tribulosa sp. nov. Figs 47 A–B, 60B, 67A, 70E urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FFC97B40-39C0-437A-8E49-055E930C52D3 Type material. Holotype: ♂, COLOMBIA: Departamento de Putumayo: El Pepino, about 1000 m a.s.l., 01°03”N, 76°37’50”W, Prof. Dr Norbert Leist leg. 21 Feb. 1973, SMNK-ARA 12954. Etymology. The specific name refers to the thorn-like apophyses at the embolus of the male holotype of this species (Latin adjective “tribulosus” meaning “thorny”); adjective. Diagnosis. Males distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the following characters in combination: embolus (E) quite strong, with two conspicuous apophyses centrally (Figs 47A, 67A) which are crossing in retrolateral view (Figs 47B, 70E) and distally with retrolatero-distal, relatively long and very narrow extension with tip having (disto-) retrolateral orientation (Figs 47 A–B, 67A) and prolatero-distally with stout, conical and very small process; distal margin of base of E (EB) in ventral view almost reaching distal margin of tegulum (T) (gap 1/2, but <2/3 the width of T; EB located centrally to prolatero-centrally at distal part of T; T narrower than cymbium (Figs 47A, 67A); sperm duct double-stacked S-shaped, occupying more than 2/3 of T from retrolateral; proximal tegulum lobe not recognisable as such, but T proximally moderately converging and proximal ending (very) broad rounded; cymbium in ventral view distally conically converging, at distalmost section rounded; palpal tibia short, broader than long (Figs 47 A–B, 67A, 70E) and ventral tibial bump in ventral view broad, distally almost truncated, located in proximal section of prolateral half of palpal tibia and having prolatero-distal orientation; RTA in ventral view quite narrow, medium-sized, with almost distal direction and without dorsal serration (Figs 47A, 67A), in retrolateral view RTA distally converging and with tip clearly bent ventrally (Figs 47B, 70E). COLOURATION: see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace red-brown, proximal sections of lateral margins without broad bands of dense, light scale hairs (Fig. 60B). Legs brown to red-brown, except for proximalmost articles, patellae and tarsi being lighter (Fig. 60B). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, however central transversal band very narrow (just as narrow as posterior band) and quite even and straight, chevron-like patch in central band missing; posterior band distinctly separated medially (Fig. 60B). Female: unknown. Remarks. Among the currently known Corythalia species, C. valida, without any doubt, is most similar to C. tribulosa sp. nov. Several crucial structures of the palp are very similar: embolus (E) quite broad and strong, centrally with apophyses (three in C. valida, two in C. tribulosa sp. nov.); similar distal section of E; tegulum without distinguished proximal lobe, but broad rounded proximally; slender RTA with (at least slight) bending ventrally. Consequently, we expect a close relationship between these two species. Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in Putumayo, Colombia.Published as part of Bayer, Steffen, Höfer, Hubert & Metzner, Heiko, 2020, Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 4806 (1) on pages 97-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4806.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/392738
Order and disorder in epitaxially grown CuInS2
No full textThis study investigates the ordering effects which occur on the cation sublattice of the CuInS2 compound. CuInS2 is grown on single-crystalline silicon substrates of (001) orientation. The ordered, sulfur-terminated surface Si(001)(1 x 1)-S constitutes well-defined starting conditions for the epitaxial growth process using molecular beams. The silicon surfaces and epitaxial CuInS2, films are characterized in situ by means of Auger electron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. X-Ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy are employed for an ex situ structural characterization. We demonstrate the coexistence of CuAu-type ordering and disorder and a complete absence of the equilibrium chalcopyrite order. CuInS2, with the tetragonal CuAu structure is shown to grow exclusively in c-axis direction. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Corythalia drepanopsis Bayer & Höfer & Metzner 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Corythalia drepanopsis</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 1B, 13 A–C, 61F, 71G–I, 75J–L</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5A72BC0A-03CA-45B8-9280-259E5281325A</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: ♀, BRAZIL: Acre: Rio Branco, Reserva Humaitá, 9°45’00”S, 67°40’12”W, about 160 m a.s.l., secondary forest, H. Höfer, H. Metzner, A.D. Brescovit & A.B. Bonaldo leg. 10–13 Apr. 1996, interim deposition SMNK-ARA 02860, final deposition IBSP 209866. Paratypes: 2 ♀ with the same data as for holotype: ♀ with sample number F-2 (leg IV, left missing, SMNK-ARA 02860); ♀ with sample no. F-3 (leg II, right missing, IBSP 209867).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name refers to the similarity of the females of this new species to those of <i>C. drepane</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Ancient Greek ending “-opsis” means “having the appearance of…”); adjective.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Females distinguished from those of all other <i>Corythalia</i> species by the combination of the following characters: epigynal windows (W) oval, but only about 1.25 x longer than broad (Figs 1B, 13A, 71 G–I); secondary spermathecae (SS) approximately round, clearly smaller than primary spermathecae (PS), less than 3/4 the diameter of PS and connective ducts between SS and PS medially longitudinally not in contact with each other, but from distalmost to proximalmost section clearly diverging (Figs 13B, 75 J–L); copulatory ducts short, but recognisable (Figs 13B, 75 J–L).</p> <p> <b>Description. Male:</b> unknown.</p> <p> <b>Female</b> (measurements of holotype first, those of paratypes as range in parentheses; for spination pattern states of holotype first, those of paratypes in parentheses in the sequence of frequency): total length 5.9 (5.6–5.9), carapace length 2.2 (2.2–2.5), maximal carapace width 1.5 (1.5–1.6), width of eye rectangle 1.3 (1.3–1.5), opisthosoma length 2.9 (2.4–2.9), opisthosoma width 1.9 (1.6–1.9), fovea length 0.17 (0.17–0.21). EYES: AME 0.45 (0.45– 0.48), ALE 0.28 (0.28–0.32), PME 0.07 (0.07–0.08), PLE 0.23 (0.23–0.25), AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.03 (0.03–0.04), PME–PME 1.17 (1.17–1.26), PME–PLE 0.19 (0.19–0.22), ALE–PLE 0.53 (0.53–0.60), PLE–PLE 0.94 (0.94–1.04), clypeus height at AME 0.15 (0.15–0.19), clypeus height at ALE 0.44 (0.44–0.49). Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I 1300 (1300, 1300{1400}), II 1300, III 1500 (1400, 1400), IV 0400 (0400, 0500); patella I–II 1000, III–IV 1010; tibia I 2002 (2002, 2003) II 2002 {2003} (2003, 1003), III 2023 (2123, 1123), IV 1022 {1023} (1023, 0023); metatarsus I–II 2004, III 3033 (3034, 3034), IV 3124{3134} (4134, 3134). MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 1.7 (1.7–2.1) [0.6 (0.6–0.7), 0.3 (0.3–0.4), 0.3 (0.3–0.4), 0.5 (0.5–0.6)], I 3.3 (3.3–3.8) [1.0 (1.0–1.2), 0.6 (0.6–0.7), 0.7 (0.7–0.8), 0.6 (0.6–0.7), 0.4], II 3.2 (3.2–3.6) [1.0 (1.0–1.2), 0.6, 0.6 (0.6–0.8), 0.6, 0.4], III 4.0 (4.0–4.3) [1.3 (1.3–1.5), 0.6 (0.6–0.7), 0.8, 0.8, 0.5], IV 4.2 (4.2–4.7) [1.3 (1.3–1.5), 0.6 (0.6–0.7), 0.9 (0.9–1.0), 0.9 (0.9–1.0), 0.5]. LEG FORMULA: 4312. COPULATORY ORGAN: epigyne with oval epigynal windows (but only slightly elongated and anteriorly converging), anterior margins of W medially not reaching each other (anterior gap approximately as long as width of septum) (Figs 1B, 13A, 71 G–I); septum of W quite broad (Figs 1B, 13A) and anteriorly distinctly diverging. Epigynal field clearly broader than long; structures of vulva visible through epigynal cuticle (Figs 1B, 13A, 71 G–I). Vulva with compact oval primary spermathecae (PS) with transversal (slightly diagonal) orientation (Figs 13B, 75 J–L); secondary spermathecae (SS) approximately round, with heads of spermathecae located posteriorly (Figs 13 B–C, 75J–L). Connective ducts between both spermathecae (DST) quite narrow, running diagonally from antero-lateral to postero-medial and meeting PS antero-medially. Copulatory ducts short and with transversal direction. Fertilisation ducts arising centro-anteriorly on primary spermathecae, bent and directed laterally or slightly postero-laterally (Figs 13 B–C, 75J–L). COLOURATION: see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown (Fig. 61F). Legs brown to red-brown, except for some articles being lighter (see genus description) (Fig. 61F). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, except for chevron-like patch in central band missing (at least not recognisable) and anteriormost band just slightly broader than central and recurved, central band may also slightly recurved (Fig. 61F).</p> <p> <b>Intraspecific variation of female copulatory organs.</b> Female holotype with chalice-shaped anterior section of septum (Fig. 13A), not so in paratypes (Figs 1B, 71 H–I). Epigynal field in paratype F-3 (Fig. 71I) clearly more distinctly developed (darker) and slightly longer than in other females (Figs 1B, 13A, 71 G–H). In paratype F-2 primary spermathecae being visibile through cuticle of epigynal windows located slightly further anteriorly (Figs 1B, 71H) than in remaining female types (Figs 13A, 71G, 71I). In holotype (Figs 13B, 75J) and paratype F-2 (Fig. 75K) secondary spermathecae reaching further laterally than in paratype F-3 (Fig. 75L). Primary spermathecae in F-2 (Fig. 75K) are slightly smaller than in remaining females (Figs 13B, 75J, 75L). Connective ducts in holotype (Figs 13B, 75J) slightly longer than in paratypes (Figs 75 K–L).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Regarding the very similar copulatory organs of female <i>C. drepane</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> it is well conceivable that this and the present species are closely related. It remains to be seen if males of <i>C. drepanopsis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, which are still unknown, will corroborate this prediction of a close relationship in having as well very similar copulatory organs (palps) as those of <i>C. drepane</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from the type locality in Acre, Brazil.</p>Published as part of <i>Bayer, Steffen, Höfer, Hubert & Metzner, Heiko, 2020, Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 4806 (1)</i> on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4806.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3927380">http://zenodo.org/record/3927380</a>
Corythalia verhaaghi Bayer & Höfer & Metzner 2020, sp. nov.
No full textCorythalia verhaaghi sp. nov. Figs 22 A–C, 62B, 72F, 76F urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BD7B5694-90EA-4471-9BB3-C7319035A810 Type material. Holotype: ♀, BRAZIL: Ceará: 10 km SW of Barbalha, 7°22’S, 39°22’W, 600 m a.s.l., relict area of Caatinga-forest, dry brook, on tree trunk, M. Verhaagh leg. 23 Jan. 1995, SMNK-ARA 13414. Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honour of the collector of the holotype, our dear colleague Manfred Verhaagh, who always shows greatest dedication to tropical ecology and entomology. Diagnosis. Females distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the combination of the following characters: anterior margins of epigynal windows (W) not continuous: extended and strongly diverging anterior margins of septum of W ending clearly before meeting the converging anterior sections of lateral margins of W; extremely converging extensions of both lateral margins antero-medially regularly transversely connected (Figs 22A, 72F); septum of epigynal windows narrow (about 1/10 the width of W) (Figs 22A, 72F). Heads of spermathecae more or less round and almost as large as secondary spermathecae (SS); connective duct between primary spermathecae (PS) and SS very narrow, just slightly curved and shorter than diameter of PS (Figs 22B, 76F). Description. Male: unknown. Female: total length 4.2, carapace length 2.0, maximal carapace width 1.5, width of eye rectangle 1.3, opisthosoma length 2.2, opisthosoma width 1.7, fovea length 0.14. EYES: AME 0.44, ALE 0.29, PME 0.07, PLE 0.23, AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 1.21, PME–PLE 0.21, ALE–PLE 0.56, PLE–PLE 1.04, clypeus height at AME 0.22, clypeus height at ALE 0.46. Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I–III 1500, IV 0500; patella I–II 1000, III–IV 1010; tibia I 2003, II 3003, III–IV 3133; metatarsus I–II 2004, III 3134, IV 4144. MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 1.7 [0.6, 0.3, 0.3, 0.5], I 3.1 [1.0, 0.6, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3], II 3.2 [1.1, 0.6, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3], III 3.9 [1.3, 0.6, 0.8, 0.7, 0.5], IV 3.9 [1.2, 0.6, 0.8, 0.8, 0.5]. LEG FORMULA: 4&321 (legs III & IV with exactly the same length). COPULATORY ORGAN: epigyne with more or less oval epigynal windows (W) [however, anterior margin of W uncontinuous, with distinct longitudinal gap as extended, extremely converging lateral margins of W are situated clearly further anterior than strongly diverging extended margins of septum of W (SW)]; anterior margins of both W antero-medially connected; SW narrow (Figs 22A, 72F). Epigynal field clearly broader than long (Figs 22A, 72F). Vulva with large and round primary spermathecae (PS), touching each other medially (Figs 22B, 76F); secondary spermathecae (SS) distinctly small (diameter of SS clearly less than 1/4 the diameter of PS), carrying almost round and only slightly smaller heads of spermathecae laterally to slightly postero-laterally (Figs 22 B–C, 76F). Copulatory ducts with antero-lateral direction, very light and filmy, thus difficult to recognise in photographic image (Fig. 76F). Connective ducts very narrow, from posterior to anterior direction diverging, not long and only slightly curved. Fertilisation ducts distinctly narrow, arising antero-centrally on PS, bent and directed laterally (Figs 22 B–C, 76F). COLOURATION: see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown (Fig. 62B), light scale hairs quite densely arranged, especially at clypeus (however material examined still quite freshly recorded and in good condition). Legs dark red brown, except for coxae, distal sections of tibiae and metatarsi, patellae III–IV and tarsi II–IV being light brown (Fig. 62B). Opisthosoma (unfortunately posteriorly cuticle slightly separated from subcuticle) like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, except for chevron-like patch in central band missing (Fig. 62B). Remarks. This species is quite similar to C. argentinensis in general appearance of the epigyne and the vulva: very light and filmy copulatory ducts, comparatively short connective ducts and also very small secondary spermathecae (SS) and lacking SS respectively. All this possibly indicates close relationship between these two species. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Ceará, Brazil.Published as part of Bayer, Steffen, Höfer, Hubert & Metzner, Heiko, 2020, Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 4806 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4806.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/392738
Experimental Investigation of the Power Consumption and Metzner–Otto Constant for Highly Shear-Thinning Fluids with Different Impeller Geometries
No full textCommon industrial non-Newtonian fluids are pseudoplastics with shear-thinning properties. During mixing, it is challenging to evaluate the power consumption for these fluids because the apparent viscosity (ηa), which is needed for the evaluation of the impeller Reynolds Number (Re), is a function of the shear rate, which itself is a function of the flow parameters.; the Metzner–Otto method is widely used to predict the ηa and average shear rate ([Formula: see text]) under these conditions. In this study, using polyglycerin and starch syrup as Newtonian fluids and hydroxyethyl cellulose as a non-Newtonian fluid, the power consumption and Metzner–Otto constant (Ks) were evaluated for different impeller geometries in the laminar regime. The power number decreased linearly with increasing Re in the laminar flow regime, and using the Metzner–Otto method, all power curves for the shear-thinning fluids coincide with those of the Newtonian fluids. Therefore, the power constant was dependent only on the geometrical parameters of the system. Furthermore, the [Formula: see text] varies linearly with the impeller rotational speed ; however, Ks between the [Formula: see text] and N was found to be a function of the flow behavior index (n) and the system geometrical parameters. This study established complete correlations between B and the impeller geometry, and between Ks and the impeller geometry and n through linear regression analysis to predict the power consumption of shear-thinning fluids under laminar flow
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