10 research outputs found
Urban soil respiration and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components compared to adjacent forest and cropland within the moscow megapolis
No full textUrbanization is a key land-use change pathway, increasing urban population and resulting in abandonment of rural areas. Urbanization alters profoundly soil properties and functions, including soil respiration [90]. Soil respiration includes heterotrophic (microbial) and autotrophic (root) components. Both are driven by biotic and abiotic factors. Soil respiration and its components in urban ecosystems remain poorly known. In the present study, the spatial and temporal variability of total soil respiration (Rs) and its components were analyzed for different ecosystems included in the Moscow megalopolis area. In particular, highly impacted areas of urban green lawns were compared to arable lands and urban forest sites. Respiration fluxes were monitored during the whole vegetation period. An average Rs was significantly higher for the most disturbed sites, compared to more natural sites. For all the sites, Rh was the dominant component of soil respiration. We report the highest heterotrophic respiration ratio to microbial C (qCO2 = Rh/Cmic) for the lawn land use, followed by arable sites and forest sites, characterized by the lowest qCO2. An average Ra contributed to total Rs only to a minor extent (26%) and increased in all study sites along the season. Ra absolute values and contribution to Rs were similar for different land use types
Assessment of agronomic homogeneity and compatibility of soils in the Vladimir Opolie region
No full textThe innovation in greenhouses gases’ monitoring methods in representative landscapes of the megapolis
No full textThis article presents the innovative approach to the organization of monitoring researches of the greenhouses gases’ fluxes main components in the case of representative landscapes of the Moscow megalopolis as well as initial results of this technique approbation
Environmental assessment of the role in the formation of urban lawns GHG
No full textGlobal climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions is one of the most pressing problems of our time. With an abundance of information on carbon dioxide emissions, information on other greenhouse gases are not as widely presented. This article describes the impact of operational and recreational pressure on the flow of methane and nitrous oxide urban ecosystem represented different kinds of lawns
Impact of changes in snow cover regime on agronomic risks causing pink snow mold
Get PDFTraditionally, the main strategic crop for the Russian Federation is winter cereals, therefore, the snow cover regime is of great importance for their cultivation. In the second decade of April 2021, after the snow cover disappeared on the experimental fields of Russian State Agrarian University, severe damage and partial death of winter triticale from the disease pink snow mold was noted. Measurements of the parameters of the snow cover in the period 2001–2021 showed that in the winter and spring of 2021 on the territory of Moscow the characteristics of the snow cover regime were close to agrometeorological Hazardous Phenomena standards on the territory of the Russian Federation. The risk of developing pink snow mold is directly related to the snow cover regime. Analysis of the dynamics of the characteristics of the snow cover according to the data of the Meteorological Observatory V.A. Michelson for 30 years has made it possible to propose a simple quantitative assessment of the risk of damping of winter crops. Over the past 20 years, the necessary conditions for the development of snow mold in winter cereals took place in 2010/11, 2012/13, 2017/18 and 2020/21. Analysis of the data on the early establishment of snow cover over the past 30 years shows that this factor is gradually losing its relevance due to the pronounced trend of its retardation. There is a noticeable tendency for an increase in the frequency of extremely late periods of formation of stable snow cover up to the second – third decade of January. During the study period, this phenomenon was observed in 2006 (January 20), 2013 (January 12) and 2019 (January 23). The proposed empirical function of the probability of snow cover formation, depending on the calendar date, can be recommended for assessing risks when making agronomic decisions (timing of sowing winter cereals and harvesting other crops). Freezing of crops has not been observed over the past 30 years
The content in vegetative and generative organs of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) of 90Sr at its surface location on the soil / A. Melchenko, T. Geras’kina, E. Melchenko, M. Mazirov
No full textБиоэкология. Биоиндикация. РадиобиологияВ связи с увеличением численности населения на планете и ростом его благосостояния требуется производить все больше энергии. Существует довольно много различных источников ее получения, один из них – атомная энергетика. Реакторы, используемые на АЭС, модернизируются, однако аварийные ситуации были в прошлом, они возможны и в будущем. Актуальность научной работы – полученный в полевых условиях экспериментальный материал позволит принять решение об использовании радиоактивно загрязненных сельхозугодий для производства продукции. Установлено, что листва малины отличается наибольшим накоплением 90Sr, ягоды – наименьшим, наблюдается тенденция к постепенному увеличению содержания 90Sr в вегетативных и генеративных органах малины. На основе экспериментальных данных, после расчета коэффициентов перехода, появится возможность составить прогноз о накоплении 90Sr в различных органах растений и дать рекомендации о дальнейшем использовании сельскохозяйственных площадей.Due to the increase in the number of people on the planet and the growth of its well-being, it is necessary to produce more energy. There are quite a few different sources of its production, one of them – nuclear power. The reactors used at nuclear power plants modernize, however, an emergency situation was in the past, they are possible in the future. Relevance of scientific work-the experimental material obtained in the field will allow to make a decision on the use of radioactive contaminated farmland for production. It was found that raspberry leaves have the highest accumulation of 90Sr, berries-the lowest, there is a tendency to a gradual increase in the content of 90Sr in the vegetative and generative organs of raspberry. On the basis of experimental data, after calculating the transition coefficients, it will be possible to predict the accumulation of 90 Sr in various plant organs and make recommendations on the further use of agricultural lan
Diversidad de macrohongos (ascomicetos y basidiomicetos) en un gradiente de urbanización en Montería, Córdoba
No full textEste estudio evaluó la diversidad de macrohongos a lo largo de un gradiente de urbanización en Montería, Colombia, donde la alteración de microhábitats ejerce presión selectiva. Mediante un inventario en 76 puntos, se identificaron 32 morfotipos. El Análisis de Redundancia (RDA) demostró que la distribución fúngica está modulada por variables ambientales (primeros dos ejes explicando 55.8% y 44.2% de variabilidad). La luminosidad y profundidad de hojarasca actúan como filtros ambientales favoreciendo la diversidad en zonas menos urbanizadas, coincidiendo con los análisis de similitud (Jaccard y Venn). La caracterización morfológica reveló especies generalistas en ambientes transformados. Estos hallazgos destacan a los macrohongos como descomponedores esenciales (Orgiazzi, 2016) y bioindicadores de calidad del suelo, aportando una base biológica al concepto de "biodiverciudad" (Montoya, 2018PregradoBiólogo(a)Artícul
Влияние режима снежного покрова на агрономические риски развития розовой снежной плесени
Get PDFTraditionally, the main strategic crop for the Russian Federation is winter cereals, therefore, the snow cover regime is of great importance for their cultivation. In the second decade of April 2021, after the snow cover disappeared on the experimental fields of Russian State Agrarian University, severe damage and partial death of winter triticale from the disease pink snow mold was noted. Measurements of the parameters of the snow cover in the period 2001–2021 showed that in the winter and spring of 2021 on the territory of Moscow the characteristics of the snow cover regime were close to agrometeorological Hazardous Phenomena standards on the territory of the Russian Federation. The risk of developing pink snow mold is directly related to the snow cover regime. Analysis of the dynamics of the characteristics of the snow cover according to the data of the Meteorological Observatory V.A. Michelson for 30 years has made it possible to propose a simple quantitative assessment of the risk of damping of winter crops. Over the past 20 years, the necessary conditions for the development of snow mold in winter cereals took place in 2010/11, 2012/13, 2017/18 and 2020/21. Analysis of the data on the early establishment of snow cover over the past 30 years shows that this factor is gradually losing its relevance due to the pronounced trend of its retardation. There is a noticeable tendency for an increase in the frequency of extremely late periods of formation of stable snow cover up to the second – third decade of January. During the study period, this phenomenon was observed in 2006 (January 20), 2013 (January 12) and 2019 (January 23). The proposed empirical function of the probability of snow cover formation, depending on the calendar date, can be recommended for assessing risks when making agronomic decisions (timing of sowing winter cereals and harvesting other crops). Freezing of crops has not been observed over the past 30 years.Рассмотрены связанные с режимом снежного покрова риски для озимых зерновых культур. К наиболее опасным относится риск развития розовой снежной плесени. Предлагаемая эмпирическая функция вероятности становления снежного покрова в зависимости от календарной даты может быть использована при принятии агрономических решений – сроков сева озимых зерновых и уборки других культур
