115 research outputs found
The Bretton Woods Institutions and the Environment: Organizational Learning within the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
No full textLindenthal A, Koch M. The Bretton Woods Institutions and the Environment: Organizational Learning within the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Administrative Science. 2013;3(4):166-201
Die Europäische Kommission als lernende Organisation?
No full textKopp-Malek T, Koch M, Lindenthal A. Die Europäische Kommission als lernende Organisation?. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag; 2009.Die Europäische Kommission stellt einen zentralen Akteur der Europäischen Union dar. Sie wird mit zunehmend umfangreicheren und sich wandelnden Aufgaben konfrontiert, auf die die Europäische Kommission reagieren muss. Dieses Buch untersucht am Beispiel der Umsetzung des umweltpolitischen Integrationsprinzips innerhalb der Europäischen Kommission, inwiefern diese vor dem Hintergrund sich verändernder Umweltanforderungen in der Lage ist zu lernen. Dazu fußt die Untersuchung auf einer systematischen Beschäftigung mit Ansätzen organisationalen Lernens, die zur Anleitung der empirischen Untersuchung herangezogen werden
Learning within the European Commission: the case of environmental integration
No full textKoch M, Lindenthal A. Learning within the European Commission: the case of environmental integration. Journal of European Public Policy. 2011;18(7):980-998.This article analyses how the Directorates-General for Transport and Energy (DG TREN) and for Enterprise (DG ENTR) of the European Commission reacted to the demand to integrate environmental aspects into their activities. In doing so, we study the DGs - as suborganizations within an organization - through the lenses of organizational learning concepts. To reveal if, and to what extent, the observed reactions of both DGs towards environmental integration can be described as organizational learning, we develop a heuristic model that allows for a distinction between single-loop and double-loop learning as well as between compliant and non-compliant learning. Our empirical study detects different types of organizational learning by DG TREN and DG ENTR in three time periods between 1986 and 2004. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the modified strategies to foster environmental integration by the DG for Environment were important triggers for organizational learning in both DGs
Urinary excretion of mevalonic acid as an indicator of cholesterol synthesis
No full textUrinary excretion of mevalonic acid was investigated as an indicator of cholesterol synthesis. In normolipemic volunteers, excretion of mevalonic acid averaged 3.51 +/- 0.59 (SD) micrograms/kg x day1; (n = 24) and was not different from patients with hypercholesterolemia (3.30 +/- 0.92 micrograms/kg x day1; n = 24). In patients with cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis, the excretion was significantly higher (8.55 +/- 1.92 micrograms/kg x day1; n = 6, P < 0.001) but comparable to volunteers treated with cholestyramine (6.69 +/- 2.6 micrograms/kg x day1; n = 5). A significant correlation was found between 24-h excretion of mevalonic acid and cholesterol synthesis (r = 0.835; n = 35; P < 0.001). The coefficient of variation of excretion of mevalonic acid during 3 consecutive days was small (9.8%; n = 7). However, urinary output of mevalonic acid was significantly higher during the night (164 +/- 14 micrograms/12-h) than during the day (129 +/- 9 micrograms/12-h; n = 11; P < 0.05). In patients treated with simvastatin (40 mg/day) for 6 weeks, the ratio of mevalonic acid to creatinine in a morning urine sample decreased significantly compared to pretreatment values (110 +/- 25 micrograms/g vs. 66 +/- 25 micrograms/g; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the ratio of mevalonic acid to creatinine in a morning urine sample correlated with the ratio from the 24-h collection period (r = 0.714; n = 34; P < 0.001). The results indicate that the analysis of urinary mevalonic acid, either in 24-h collection or in a single morning sample, is an attractive method for evaluation of long and very short term changes of the rates of cholesterol synthesis
Isotopomer spectral anlysis of intermediates of cholesterol synthesis in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
No full textFour patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) and 2 healthy controls received a constant proximal intraduodenal infusion of 1- 13 C-acetate as a stable-isotope-labeled marker of sterol synthesis. One patient was treated with pravastatin (20 mg twice daily) and another patient with chenodeoxycholic acid (250 mg tid). Every hour, venous blood and duodenal samples were obtained. Stable-isotope enrichment of neutral and polar sterols in serum and bile was assessed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Isotopomer spectral analysis was performed on cholesterol, lathosterol, Delta-8-cholesterol, methylsterol, and lanosterol. Stable-isotope labeling of cholestanol, bile acids, and bile alcohols was analyzed by assessing the change over time of the ratio of M + 3 to M + 0. Eleven hours after marker infusion, we found up to 50% newly synthesized lathosterol in serum and up to 80% in bile, with similar results for other cholesterol precursors. In cholesterol, stable-isotope labeling could be demonstrated in all study subjects with a more prominent labeling in bile than in serum. No stable-isotope labeling was detected in cholestanol. Only minor stable-isotope incorporation was detectable in polar sterols in some subjects. Therapy with pravastatin did not have any effect on fractional or absolute synthesis rates or on the concentrations of cholestanol or cholesterol precursors compared to untreated patients with CTX. In contrast, therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid markedly lowered the concentrations of cholestanol and cholesterol precursors, led to a disappearance of bile alcohols, and reduced absolute synthesis rates of lathosterol. Isotopomer spectral analysis proved to be a powerful method to assess the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol precursors in patients with CTX. Higher fractional synthesis in bile than in serum may be due to the size of the pools in bile vs serum. Cholestanol exhibits no marker uptake and is therefore probably synthesized from preformed cholesterol. Biliary cholesterol secretion in patients with CTX is decreased compared to healthy controls
Maktabat Al Muthanna Baghdad Feb-May 1962
No full textThe Al-Muthanna Library communicated a message that includes the name Diaa Al-Din Al-Salihi, Köln–Lindenthal 3 P.F.75 W, Germany.قامت مكتبة المثنى بتوجيه رسالة تتضمن اسم ضياء الدين الصالحي -- كولن – ليندنثال ٣ P.F.75 W، ألمانيا
High doses of simvastatin, pravastatin, and cholesterol reduce brain cholesterol synthesis in guinea pigs
No full textRecent epidemiological studies suggest that inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase, so-called statins, are effective in lowering the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease. Whether the effect of statins is due to a local inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in the brain or whether it is mediated by the reduced levels of cholesterol in the circulation is not known. In the present work, we tested the possibility that high doses of lipophilic and hydrophilic statins, simvastatin and pravastatin, respectively, or a diet high in cholesterol could affect cholesterol homeostasis in the brain of guinea pigs. The total brain cholesterol levels were not affected by high-dose simvastatin or pravastatin treatment. Significantly lower levels of the cholesterol precursor lathosterol and its ratio to cholesterol were found in the brains of simvastatin and pravastatin-treated animals. 24S-Hydroxycholesterol, the transportable form of cholesterol across the blood-brain barrier, was significantly lower in the brain of pravastatin-treated animals. Excessive cholesterol feeding resulted in higher serum cholesterol levels but did not affect total brain cholesterol level. However, de novo cholesterol synthesis in the brain seemed to be down-regulated, as indicated by lower absolute levels and cholesterol-related ratios of lathosterol compared with controls. The passage of deuterium-labeled cholesterol across the blood-brain barrier in one animal was found to be approximately 1%. Our results suggest that brain cholesterol synthesis in guinea pigs can be slightly, but significantly, influenced by high doses of lipophilic and hydrophilic statins as well as by high dietary cholesterol intake, while total brain cholesterol content and thus, cholesterol homeostasis is maintained. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
R. Künzel, Beelden en zelfbeelden van middeleeuwse mensen, Historisch-antropologische studies over groepsculturen in de Nederlanden, 7de-13de eeuw, 1997 (L. Milis) ; E. Schubert (Hg.), Geschichte Niedersachsens. Band 2,1: Politik, Verfassung, Wirtschaft vom 9. bis zum ausgehenden 15. Jahrhundert, 1997 (M. Vollmuth-Lindenthal)
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Free-space quantum key distribution over 144 km
No full textWe report on the experimental implementation of a BB84-type quantum key distribution protocol over a 144 km free-space link using weak coherent laser pulses. The security was assured by employing decoy state analysis, and optimization of the link transmission was achieved with bi-directional active telescope tracking. This enabled us to distribute a secure key at a rate of 11 bits/s at an attenuation of about 35 dB. Utilizing a simple transmitter setup and an optical ground station capable of tracking spacecraft in low earth orbit, this outdoor experiment demonstrates the feasibility of global key distribution via satellites
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