1,720,972 research outputs found
Variation in nitrogen supply changes the water use efficiency of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Populus x euroamericana; a comparison of three different approaches to determine water-use efficiency
No full textWe studied the effects of three nitrogen (N) supply
rates (low, intermediate and high) on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings and poplar clone “I-214” (Populus × euroamericana (Dole) Guinier) cuttings growing in mini-stands. Our specific objectives were to: (1) evaluate the effects ofNsupply onwater-use efficiency (WUE) and biomass production; (2) determine if N affects WUE through control of carbon assimilation rates or through
stomatal control of water loss; and (3) compare three methods of estimating WUE: one short-term method (WUEi, based on gas exchange measurements) and two long-term methods (WUET, based on the ratio between biomass production and transpired water, and Δ, based on leaf carbon isotope discrimination tested as a proxy of WUE). In both species, biomass production, WUEi andWUET increased with increasing Nsupply, but there was no effect of N supply on either transpiration or stomatal conductance and Δ was negatively related to leaf N concentration. Plots of Δ versus both WUEi and WUET revealed negative trends, but the regression betweenWUEi and Δ was significant only for Douglas-fir, and the regression between WUET and Δ was significant only for poplar. Thus, the mechanisms underlying the response of WUE to N supply were mainly related to a positive effect of N supply on photosynthetic rates. The data confirm that carbon isotope discrimination
may be a useful proxy of WUE. The finding that N
availability enhances both biomass production and WUE may
have practical implications in regions where these factors impose constraints on forest productivity
Analisi delle relazioni azoto-fotosintesi e azoto-efficienza di uso dell'acqua in Pseudotsuga menziesii e Populus euroamericana
No full textPhotosynthesis-nitrogen relationships: interpretation of different patterns between Pseudotsuga menziesii and Populus x euroamericana in a mini-stand experiment
No full textWe compared photosynthesis–nitrogen relationships of one broad-leaved (poplar; Populus × euroamericana (Dole) Guinier) and one conifer (Douglas-fir; Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) species. Plants were grown in large pots to allow free root development and were kept well watered. We determined effects of low, intermediate and high nitrogen supply rates on area-based leaf nitrogen (Na) and chlorophyll concentrations, leaf mass per area (LMA), light-saturated photosynthesis (Amax), maximum carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport rate (Jmax), photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE), and proportions of leaf N in active Rubisco (PR), bioenergetic pools (PB) and the light-harvesting complex (PLH). Nitrogen supply significantly affected leaf Na. Leaf mass per area did not differ between species and was unaffected by the N treatments. In both species, there was a positive correlation between leaf Na and chlorophyll concentration, and between leaf Na and the photosynthetic parameters Amax, Jmax and Vcmax. At comparable leaf Na, however, poplar showed twofold higher PNUE and a threefold steeper slope of the Amax– nitrogen relationship than Douglas-fir. Leaf Na was negatively correlated with PNUE in Douglas-fir but not in poplar. Leaf Na was also negatively correlated with PR, PB and PLH in Douglas-fir, whereas in poplar, a negative correlation was found only for PLH. Parameter PR was significantly higher in poplar than in Douglas-fir. The ratio of CO2 concentration in the intercellular space to that in ambient air was higher in poplar than in Douglas-fir. Overall, our data suggest that differences in the photosynthesis–nitrogen relationship and PNUE between Douglas-fir and poplar primarily reflect a different investment of N to active Rubisco, and possibly a different constraint to CO2 diffusion
The impact of sea erosion on coastal Pinus pinea stands. A diachronic analysis combining tree-rings and ecological markers
No full textCoastal erosion is a widespread phenomenon on sandy coasts throughout the Mediterranean region;
along the Thyrrenian coast of Tuscany (Italy), stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) stands originally planted for the
protection of agricultural crops further inland are often damaged. In the present study, a pairwise
comparison of stands at different distance from the sea at eroded and control sites highlighted the effects
of coastal erosion alone on pine growth and function. Dendroecological analyses made it possible to
determine the temporal dynamics of the phenomenon since 1930 and the interactions with climate,
whilst additional structural (LAI, sapwood area) and functional (carbon isotope discrimination)
measurements were used to discriminate between stress mechanisms. Salty winds, exacerbated by the
removal of dunal vegetation, were found to be the most likely cause of the observed growth decline. The
presence and, in more recent times, the reduction of surfactants in sea water played an important
synergistic effect. The intrusion of salty water in the water table, on the contrary, played a marginal role at
the site. Finally, stressed trees were more sensitive to the inter-annual variability in precipitation; at all
sites, growth was stimulated by June, November and December precipitation in the current and two
preceding years
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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