7,576 research outputs found
New Methodology for Estimating the Burden of Infectious Diseases in Europe
No full textKretzschmar M, Mangen M-JEJ, Pinheiro JP, et al. New Methodology for Estimating the Burden of Infectious Diseases in Europe. PLoS Medicine. 2012;9(4): e1001205
Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu 2001
No full textAplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 (Figs. 1 A, 2, 3 A, Tab. I) Aplysina caissara, Pinheiro & Hajdu (2001: 145); Mothes et al. (2006: 76). Aplysina fistularis fulva sensu Mothes de Moraes (1987: 133). Non Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766; a valid species). Aplysina fulva sensu Lerner (1996: 115). Non Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766; a valid species). Holotype: MNRJ 1988, rocky coast between Prainha beach and Brava beach (Costão do Navio, São Sebastião, SP, 23 º 50.067 ' S- 45 º 29.449 ' W), 6 m depth, E. Hajdu coll., 29 /I/ 1999. Paratypes: MNRJ 268, Ponta Recife, (São Sebastião, SP, 23 º 49.501 ' S - 45 º 24.796 ' W), 2 m depth, E. Hajdu coll., 22 /I/ 1996. MNRJ 578, southern side of Toque-Toque Island, (São Sebastião, SP, 23 º 51.209 ' S - 45 º 31.600 ' W), 11 m depth, E. Hajdu coll., 15 /VI/ 1997. MNRJ 1673, Ponta do Jarobá (São Sebastião, SP, 23 º 49.679 ' S - 45 º 25.278 ' W), 4.5 m depth, E. Hajdu coll., 22 /IV/ 1998. MNRJ 1989, 2013, rocky coast between Prainha beach and Brava beach (Costão do Navio, São Sebastião, SP, 23 º 50.067 ' S- 45 º 29.449 ' W), 6 m depth, E. Hajdu coll., 29 /I/ 1999. Additional material: MNRJ 5087, da Vila beach, left side, (Picinguaba, Ubatuba, SP), 2 m depth, R. N. Costa coll., 23 /X/ 2001. MNRJ 5287, (Arvoredo Island, SC), 7 m depth, E. Hajdu and C.B. Lerner coll., 19 /II/ 2002. MNRJ 5308, (Arvoredo Island, SC), 7 m depth, U.S. Pinheiro coll., 19 /II/ 2002. MNRJ 5284 (Arvoredo Island, SC), 7 m depth, E. Hajdu and C.B. Lerner coll., 19 /II/ 2002. MCN 0 383 (João da Cunha Island, Porto Belo, SC), 3 m depth, S.M. Pauls coll.. MCN 1034 (João da Cunha Island, Porto Belo, SC), 0.5 m depth, A.A. Lise coll., 22 /X/ 1977. MCN 1035 (João da Cunha Island, Porto Belo, SC), 0.5 m depth, A.A. Lise coll., 06/ XI/ 1981. MCN 2235, Saco da Mulata (Galé Island, Bombinhas, SC), 12 m depth, C.B. Lerner coll., 14 /II/ 1991. MCN 2278, small SW bay (Galé Island, Bombinhas, SC), 8 m depth, C.B. Lerner coll., 29 /III/ 1991. Diagnosis: Bright yellow live-colour and small (1-6 cm high) digits and/or fusiform processes topped by oscula. Description: Specimens can have few (3–4) or many digits (60–80), which are mostly erect. Digits can be single or anastomosed, cylindrical (fusiform or straight) or slightly volcaniform (rare), 1–6 cm high and 0.6–1.5 cm wide (Figs. 1 A, 2 A–B). Area coverage can be as large as 25 x 15 cm, but more often about 6 x 6 cm. Surface is finely conulose. Oscula are mostly apical (1.5–4 mm in diameters), but few lateral and smaller (ca. 1 mm in diameter) can occur. The colour is bright yellow in vivo, which turns into deep purple after preservation in alcohol. Consistency is soft and flexible Skeleton: Choanosome with a delicate and irregular network of spongin fibers. They have a bark with amber colour and thickness of 25–100 Μm (average 44 Μm), and black or amber pith with thickness varying between 11 and 81 Μm (average 16 Μm) (Figs. 2 C–E, Tab. I). TABLE I: Spongin fibres’ measurement data for Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 (in micrometers; S.D. = Standard Deviation and N = 30). Specimens Locality* Fibers Piths Distribution: Provisionally endemic from southern and southeastern Brazil (24–28 º S, Fig. 3 A). This area is known as the Paulista Biogeographic Province. Ecology: The species has a typically patchy distribution, being often very rare, but reaching considerable densities at a few spots, where specimens can be found every couple of meters. Its known depth distribution is from 0.5 to 12 m. Few specimens are found at very shallow depths (0.5–3 m) in places of somewhat restricted water flow, where temperatures may reach 28 º C. However, most are located in areas of large water circulation and intermittently exposed to the Central South Atlantic waters, with temperatures reaching a minimum around 13 º C (Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001). Remarks: Among the Tropical South-western Atlantic Aplysina that possess digitiform processes, the species which most closely resembles A. caissara is A. fulva, known by its large morphologic variability along the Brazilian coast (cf. Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001). However, A. caissara combines a bright yellow colour in life, the consistently small dimensions (digits 5 cm high), never possesses typically apical oscula, nor a comparably delicate reticulation of spongin fibres.Published as part of Pinheiro, Ulisses Dos S., Hajdu, Eduardo & Custódio, Márcio R., 2007, Aplysina Nardo (Porifera, Verongida, Aplysinidae) from the Brazilian coast with description of eight new species, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 1609 on pages 3-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17887
Acarnus microxeatus Nascimento & Pinheiro 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Acarnus microxeatus</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 2–3, Tables 1–2)</p> <p> <b>Type Material.</b> Holotype. UFPEPOR 2986— Serrambi Beach (8°33’37.7”S 35°00’22.0”W, Ipojuca, Pernambuco State, Brazil), 12 august 2022, Col. Nascimento, E.F., Dias, A., Pinheiro, U., intertidal.</p> <p>Paratypes. UFPEPOR 2981— Serrambi Beach (8°33’37.7”S 35°00’22.0”W, Ipojuca, Pernambuco State, Brazil), 12 august 2022, Col. Nascimento, E.F., Dias, A., Pinheiro, U., intertidal. UFPEPOR 2987, 2988— Serrambi Beach (8°33’37.7”S 35°00’22.0”W, Ipojuca, Pernambuco State, Brazil), 12 august 2022, Col. Nascimento, E.F., Dias, A., Pinheiro, U., intertidal. UFPEPOR 4332— Ponta do Meirim (09º32’32.22”S 35º36’49.80”W) Maceió, Alagoas State, Brazil), 30 january 2010, Col. Correia, M.D., depth 0.5 m.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Acarnus</i> with two categories of cladotylotes, tylotes, styles, three categories of toxas, acanthoxeas and smooth microxeas.</p> <p> <b>Description (Fig. 2A).</b> Thickly encrusting sponge with dimensions (2.0 x 1.5 x 1.1 cm (length x width x thickness)). Compressible and easily friable consistency. Hispid surface, with subdermal gaps and rounded oscule (0.3 cm diameter). Color orange in life, but beige in alcohol.</p> <p> <b>Skeleton (Fig. 2B).</b> Choanosomal skeleton plumoreticulated forming main tracts ascending to surface interconnected by renieroid isotropic tracts, both cored by choanosomal styles and tylotes; renieroid component of skeleton dominates skeletal structure; choanosomal tracts echinated by cladotylotes, particularly at nodes, microxeas found tangentially arranged in the ectosome and, other microscleres scattered in the choanosome.</p> <p> <b>Spicules (Fig. 3).</b> Tylotes, terminally microspined, 190– <i>211</i> –249/2– <i>3.1</i> –5 μm. Styles, long, lightly curved, with smooth base, 374– <i>395.9</i> –424/12– <i>21.1</i> –30 μm. Cladotylotes I, larger, smooth and straight to lightly curved shaft, base with well-defined rounded tyle, cladome with long spines, length 141– <i>244</i> –293 μm, shaft width 5– <i>9.8</i> –12 μm, cladome width 17– <i>33.5</i> –44 μm. Cladotylotes II, smaller, heavily spined with recurved spines at the base and lightly curved shaft, base with depressed (flattened), lobed tyles, length 90– <i>96.1</i> –105 μm, shaft width 2– <i>3.1</i> –5 μm, cladome width 12– <i>12.6</i> –15 μm. Palmate isochelae, 10– <i>10.7–</i> 12 μm. Toxas I, accolada, 222– <i>435.6</i> –656 μm. Toxas II, thin, deeply curved, 50– <i>128.9</i> –313 μm. Toxas III, oxhorn, thick deeply curved, 35– <i>55.2</i> –80 μm. Acanthoxeas, heavily spined shafts, 61– <i>77.7</i> –98/2– <i>3.4</i> –5 μm. Microxeas, smooth, lightly curved with hastate and acerate ends, 29– <i>52.4</i> –202/5– <i>7.8</i> –12 μm.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Alagoas and Pernambuco States, Northeast Brazil.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name refers to the presence of smooth microxeas, one of the characteristic microsclere categories of this species.</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> Ophiuroids were found on some specimens.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> In Acarnidae, the presence of microxea microscleres in the spicule set is observed only in <i>Acheliderma</i> Topsent, 1892, where they are elongated and diamond-shaped. The presence of smooth microxea in <i>Acarnus microxeatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is a new character for this genus. Both genera are similar and share tylotes, styles, acanthostyles and toxas in their spicule set. However, <i>Acheliderma</i> differs by the absence of cladotylotes. Additionally, <i>Acarnus microxeatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> presents fusiform microxea instead of the elongated diamond-shaped ones seen in <i>Acheliderma</i>. The presence of acanthose microscleres is observed in several genera of Acarnidae. <i>Acheliderma</i>, <i>Dolichacantha</i> Hentschel, 1914, <i>Megaciella</i> Hallmann, 1920 and <i>Paracornulum</i> Hallmann, 1920 all have acanthostyles. <i>Wigginsia</i> de Laubenfels, 1953 and <i>Zyzzya</i> Laubenfels, 1936 have acanthostrongyles, and <i>Acanthorhabdus</i> Burton, 1929 has acanthorhabds. Only <i>Cornulella</i> Dendy, 1922 shares acanthoxea with <i>Acarnus microxeatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, but differs from <i>Acarnus</i> by the absence of cladotylotes, and the fistular habit (Aguilar-Camacho <i>et al.</i> 2013, Van Soest <i>et al.</i> 1994, Hooper 2002).</p> <p> <i>...Continued on the next page</i></p> <p>References. (1) van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991; (2) Aguilar-Camacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2013; (3) Lévi, 1998; (4) Dendy, 1896.</p> <p> The new species fits best in the “souriei” group, due to the presence of acanthose spicules (here acanthoxeas) in its spicule set. We emphasize that <i>Acarnus microxeatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from all congeners by having microxeas and acanthoxeas as microscleres (Figs 3I and 3G, respectively). <i>Acarnus primigenius</i>, <i>A. radovani</i>, <i>A. souriei</i> and <i>A. tener</i> present only one category of cladotylotes with spined shaft and base with recurved spines, differing from <i>A. microxeatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> which has two categories of cladotylotes, the largest one, with a smooth shaft and rounded lobed base (Fig. 3D). Additionally, all these species, mentioned above, have styles with a microspined and/or rough head, in contrast to the totally smooth head of styles in <i>A. microxeatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Table 2). The new species presents three categories of toxas, differing from <i>A. caledoniensis</i>, <i>A. guentheri</i>, <i>A. levii</i>, <i>A. michoacanensis</i>, <i>A. peruanus</i> and <i>A. tener</i> that have two categories, and <i>A. primigenius</i>, that has only one category. Furthermore, <i>A. caledoniensis</i> has two categories of acanthostyles and is spherical in shape, while <i>Acarnus microxeatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> has one category of acanthostyles and is thickly encrusting. <i>Acarnus bicladotylotus</i> and <i>A. nicoleae</i> differ from <i>A. microxeatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> by having larger tylotes (143–404 μm and 119–380 μm, respectively against 190– <i>211</i> –249 μm) and also for having smaller accolada toxas (150–250 μm and 140–330 μm, respectively against 222– <i>435.6</i> –656 μm) (Tables 1 and 2). Additionally, none of these species of <i>Acarnus</i> have acanthoxea and smooth microxea as the new species do (Table 1, 2, 3 and 4).</p>Published as part of <i>Nascimento, Elielton & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2023, A new species of Acarnus Gray, 1867 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Acarnidae) from NE Brazil, pp. 521-540 in Zootaxa 5293 (3)</i> on pages 523-529, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7961435">http://zenodo.org/record/7961435</a>
Bahiacaris Schweitzer & Santana & Pinheiro & Feldmann 2023, n. gen.
No full text<i>Bahiacaris</i> n. gen. <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0B9F091B-F98E-49A7-B794-E250DB722900</p> <p> <i>Bahiacaris</i> Schweitzer, Santana, Pinheiro & Feldmann, 2019: 72 [unavailable].</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Carapace high and short; rostrum about 30% total length of carapace, minutely serrate on upper margin. Scaphocerite not extending beyond rostrum. Pleonal somite 2 overlapping somites 1 and 3, variable in size. Telson sharp in lateral view, with apparent square tip in dorsal view; tip with setae; with 2 pairs of movable spines dorsally. Uropodal endopod and exopod narrow, much longer than wide; exopod inner margin weakly serrate, outer margin with setal pits. Third maxillipeds shorter than pereiopods 3–5. Pereiopods 1 and 2 shorter and with more bulbous articles than pereiopods 3–4.</p> <p> <b>Type species</b>. <i>Atyoida roxoi</i> Beurlen, 1950, by present designation.</p> <p> <b>Type age</b>. Lower Cretaceous (Aptian).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The genus name is derived from the state of Bahia in Brazil, where the specimen was collected, and ‘caris’, from the Greek for crab, a common stem in the group. Gender: feminine.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. A full description and stratigraphic account of <i>Bahiacaris</i> <b>n. gen.</b> is given by Schweitzer <i>et al.</i> (2019).</p>Published as part of <i>Schweitzer, Carrie E., Santana, William, Pinheiro, Allysson & Feldmann, Rodney M., 2023, Validation of Bahiacaris Schweitzer, Santana, Pinheiro & Feldmann (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) from the Cretaceous (Aptian) of Brazil, pp. 299-300 in Zootaxa 5318 (2)</i> on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.13, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8162451">http://zenodo.org/record/8162451</a>
Amphimedon estelae Santos, Docio & Pinheiro, 2014, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Amphimedon estelae</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figures 1–3; Tables 1–2)</p> <p> <b>Type Locality:</b> Brazil, Bahia State, Maraú, Taípus de Fora (near Camamu Bay).</p> <p> <b>Type Specimens: Holotype—</b> UFPEPOR 695, Taípus de Fora (13º53’49”S, 38º55’45”W), Maraú (near Camamu Bay), Bahia State, Brazil, intertidal 0.5 m depth, col. U. Pinheiro, 25.XI.2007. Paratype—UFPEPOR 689, Taípus de Fora (13º53’49”S, 38º55’45”W) Maraú (near Camamu Bay), Bahia State, Brazil, intertidal 0.5 m depth, col. U. Pinheiro, 20.V.2007.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Amphimedon estelae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is the only <i>Amphimedon</i> in the Atlantic with strongyles, styles or oxeas covered by lumped swellings.</p> <p> <b>External morphology of holotype</b> (Fig. 2 A). Massive with volcano-shaped oscular projections, 2 x 1.6 cm (height x length). Surface punctate due to regularly distributed subdermal cavities, microconulose. Oscules circular, 5 mm in diameter. Ectosome a translucent membrane, not easily detachable. Consistency firm and relatively compressible, but difficult to tear. Color in life is dark green, turning beige after preservation in ethanol 80%.</p> <p> <b>Paratype.</b> Massive, 3.5 x 1 cm (height x length). Consistency firm. Color in life is dark green, turning beige after preservation in ethanol 80%.</p> <p> <b>Specimens Color in life Spicules Skeleton.</b> The ectosomal skeleton consists of an irregular paratangential reticulation of uni-paucispicular (Fig. 2 B). Producing rounded meshes (150–500 Μm in diameter), covered by a fine membrane, which is lost in preserved specimens. Rounded meshes (240–750 µm in diameter) parallels to the surface (subectosomal), which may be poorly defined or masked by abundant free spicules (Fig. 2 C–D). Choanosomal skeleton is isotropic in some parts with multispicular tracts (36–100 µm in diameter), these being regularly distributed and cored by 6–20 spicules. Spongin not abundant, but always present cementing tracts and joining free spicules (Fig. 2 D).</p> <p> <b>Spicules</b> (Figure 3; Table 1–2). Three categories of spicules were observed: (1) Strongyles (89%) can also vary in styles (7%) and oxeas (4%) with just one category of size (115–154 / 6–9 µm). Theses spicules show surfaces lumped swellings, generally in the middle region, but sometimes occur near the tips (Fig. 3 A–B). Few spicules do not have surface with lumped swellings. (2) Oxeas smooth, robust, straight to slightly curved (158–184 / 7–11 µm) were observed. Tips short and sharp (Fig. 3 C).</p> <p>(3) Thin oxeas smooth, slender, slightly curved and pointed at both tips were observed (100–153 / 1–1.6 µm). The finest oxeas are raphidiform (Fig. 3 D).</p> <p>References: (1) Pulitzer-Finali (1986); (2) Verrill (1907); (3) van Soest (1980); (4) Hartman (1955); (5) Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864); (6) Cuartas (1988); (7) Wilson (1902);</p> <p>) Dendy (1887); (9) Muricy & Hajdu (2006); (10) Muricy <i>et al</i>. (2011); (11) Hechtel (1965); (12) Campos <i>et al.</i> (2005); (13) Goodwin <i>et al.</i> (2011). * In <i>Amphimedon estelae</i></p> <p>. <b>nov.</b> the strongyle can vary also in styles and oxeas.</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> The species is sciophilous and was collected at 0.5–1 m deep.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b> (Fig. 1). Northeastern coast of Brazil, Bahia State, Brazil. The distributions of others species of <i>Amphimedon</i> from Brazilian coast are available in Muricy et al (2011)</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The chosen specific name honors the senior author’s wife Maria Estela de Souza Alagão.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Amphimedon estelae</i> sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus because it is the only that has one category of spicules with surfaces lumped swellings, varying among strongyles, styles and oxeas (see Table 2, Fig. 3). Among the five species recorded for the Brazilian coast, <i>A. viridis</i> is the most similar to <i>A. estelae</i> sp. nov. in the spicules size (see Table 2), color green and massive shape. The new species differs from <i>A. viridis</i> in the skeleton: <i>A. estelae</i> sp. nov. presents ectossomal skeleton with paratangential reticulation of uni-paucispicular tracts against the ectosomal skeleton with a tangential reticulation of multispicular tracts of <i>A. viridis</i> (Pinheiro <i>et al.</i> 2005). However, the principal difference between the species is the type of spicules. Despite <i>A. viridis</i> be one of the most known species of the Brazilian cost and Caribbean (Zea 1987; Muricy & Ribeiro 1999; Pinheiro <i>et al.</i>, 2005; Muricy & Hajdu 2006; Moraes 2011; Muricy <i>et al.</i> 2011), it always had only oxeas and never was record strongyles and styles for this species or the presence of spicules with surface lumped swellings.</p> <p> Other species whose oxeas have lumped swellings is <i>Dendroxea adumbrata</i> Corriero, Scarela Liace & Pronzato (1996) from Mediterranean Sea. The authors used this characteristic as main diagnostic character of this species. Despite ecophenotypic variation had seen in the spicules of marine sponges (e.g. Uriz 1983; Uriz <i>et al</i>. 2003), nobody indicated the spicules with surface lumped swellings as consequence of silica concentration ranges in the environment. Finally, other sponges collected in the same locality of <i>A. estelae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> did not present modifications in its spicules. Thus, we believe that the spicule with surface lumped swellings is a reliable character. De Laubenfels (1956) recorded <i>A. erina</i> to São Paulo State (Brazil) without describing it. However, this species never been collected again, even after several studies carried out in this region (e.g. Muricy & Ribeiro 1999; Santos & Hajdu 2003; Pinheiro <i>et al.</i> 2005). We believe that the specimen reported by De Laubenfels is <i>A. viridis</i>, which is very common in the region, here synonymized. It is plausible that <i>A. erina</i> be a junior synonym of <i>A. viridis</i> requiring further studies for confirmation (Alcolado 1984; Zea 1987; Muricy & Ribeiro 1999; Muricy <i>et al.</i> 2011). <i>Amphimedon caribica</i> was recorded in Brazil by Campos <i>et al.</i> (2005) from Maranhão State. However, when we compared to the original description (Pulitzer-Finali 1986: 170) and this record differs in the shape of spicules, as well as the dimensions. Spicules vary between oxeas and styles with mucronate tips in Brazilian material, which are different from those present in Puerto Rican material, because the latter has only oxeas with simple tips. In addition, spicules of Caribbean material are larger and thicker (Tab. 2). Thus, we consider invalid the report <i>A. caribica</i> for Brazil, which requires a review to define the taxonomic status of these specimens.</p> <p> Sarmento & Correia (2002) made the only record of <i>Amphimedon complanata</i> for Brazil (from Alagoas State), providing a list of species. This material was revised and identified as <i>Halichondria</i> sp. (Hajdu E. pers. com.) therefore we also invalidate this record.</p> <p> <i>Amphimedon compressa</i> from Virgin Islands differs of new species by presents ramose to flabelliform shape, dark red color, surface smooth and, small oxeas (Tab. 2). In addition, <i>A. compressa</i> has skeleton like <i>A. viridis</i> with multispicular tracts against uni-paucispicular tracts of <i>A. estelae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> According Moraes (2011), the skeleton characteristics of Brazilian specimens of <i>A. compressa</i> were not different from the Caribbean specimens. However, no ramose specimens were found in Brazil and the spicules size of Brazilian specimens was lower than Caribbean specimens. A systematic study with revision of Brazilian populations is necessary to confirm the co-specific status between both populations.</p> <p> Thus, only three valid species are considered to occur in Brazil: <i>Amphimedon estelae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>A. compressa</i> and <i>A. viridis.</i></p>Published as part of <i>Santos, George Garcia, Docio, Loyana & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2014, Two new species of the family Niphatidae van Soest, 1980 from Northeastern Brazil (Haplosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera), pp. 265-274 in Zootaxa 3774 (3)</i> on pages 266-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3774.3.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/225014">http://zenodo.org/record/225014</a>
Desmacella stylostrongyla Nascimento & Pinheiro 2022, sp. nov.
No full textDesmacella stylostrongyla sp. nov. (Figures 1A–H) Type locality. Brazil, Bahia State (Mata de São João City). Type material. Holotype — UFBA 3774, off Mata de São João City (12°26’56.3”S 37°55’31.0”W) Bahia State, Brazil, 28 m depth, coll. Andrade, Walter (II.2004). Diagnosis. Desmacella with styles, two categories of sigma and raphides. External morphology (Fig. 1A). Massive sponge, 10 x 6 cm (length x width). Hispid and worn surface, with distinct oscules (3–6 mm in diameter), compressible consistency, but fragile and easy to tear. Colour light brown (fixed in ethanol 80%). Skeleton (Fig. 1B). Ectosomal skeleton without distinct spicule brushes, although individual spicules may pierce the dermal membrane heavily charged with sigmas. Choanosomal skeleton formed by large styles arranged in a halichondroid reticulation. Abundant sigmas randomly distributed. Raphides are dispersed in the choanosome and trichodragmas were observed in the secondary bundles (Fig 1H). Spicules (Figs. 1C–G; I). Styles I (170– 353.6 –460/5– 6.7 –10 µm, length/width, average in italic): straight to slightly curved. ranging from strongyloid, acerate, rounded and mucronate tips. Styles II (270– 365 –470/ 1.2– 2.4 –3.7 µm): slender, slightly curved to slightly sinuous. Sigmas I (45– 65 –90 µm, length): larger, thin, C- or S-shaped, abundant and with smooth ends. Sigmas II (12– 18.4 –30 µm): thin, C-or S-shaped and with smooth ends. Raphides (51– 72.2 –112.2 µm, length) in trichodragmas. Distribution. Only type locality: off Mata de São João City (Bahia State, the Northeast region of Brazil). Etymology. The species name is given due to the presence of styles varying to strongyles. Remarks. Desmacella stylostrongyla sp. nov. belongs to the genus Desmacella by the possession of styles and sigmas, and a skeleton consisting of plumose bundles of styles (Ridley & Dendy 1886). It differs from Desmacella species present in the Atlantic Ocean by combining stylote megascleres (varying to strongyles), two categories of sigmas and raphides. The new species differs from D. microsigmata Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2015, D. tylovariabilis Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2015, D. annexa Schmidt, 1870, D. digitata (Lévi, 1960), D. grimaldii (Topsent, 1890), D. informis (Stephens, 1916), D. infundibuliformis (Vosmaer, 1885), D. inornata (Bowerbank, 1866), D. jania Verrill, 1907, D. meliorata Wiedenmayer, 1977, D. peachi Ferrer-Hernandez, 1914, D. pumilio Schmidt, 1870, D. suberitoides (Burton, 1932), D. topsenti (Burton, 1930), D. vagabunda Schmidt, 1870, D. vestibularis (Wilson, 1904) and D. vicina Schmidt, 1870 by the presence of styles instead of tylostyles. Additionally, D. microsigmata, D. tylovariabilis. D. digitata , D. grimaldii, D. informis, D. infundibuliformis, D. inornata , D. jania , D. meliorata , D. pumilio , D. suberitoides , D. topsenti, D. vagabunda, D. vestibularis and D. vicina don’t have raphides, which are observed in the new species. Desmacella polysigmata Van Soest, 1984 that occurs in the Caribbean Sea (Belize) is the most similar species to Desmacella stylostrongyla sp. nov., because it has stylote megascleres varying to strongyles and two categories of sigma (Van Soest 1984). However, D. polysigmata has larger and robust styles (10– 15.2 –19 µm versus 5– 6.7 –10 µm in D. stylostrongyla sp. nov.), and sigmas I and II with half of the length (30– 37.3 –42 µm and 10– 11.6 –15 µm versus 45– 65 –90 µm and 12– 18.4 –30 µm) (Cavalcanti et al. 2015: 367–368). Additionally, toxiform microxeas are absent in D. polysigmata (Van Soest 1984).Published as part of Nascimento, Elielton & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2022, A new species of Desmacella Schmidt, 1870 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Desmacellidae) from the Northeast region of Brazil, pp. 143-146 in Zootaxa 5190 (1) on pages 143-145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5190.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/712001
Hypleurochilus brasil Pinheiro, Gasparini & Rangel, 2013, sp. n.
No full textHypleurochilus brasil sp. n. Brazil blenny (Figures 2–4, Tables 1 and 2) Hypleurochilus fissicornis (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824): Gasparini & Floeter 2001 (misidentification). Holotype. CIUFES 1901, male, 30.85 mm SL, Ponta da Calheta, Ilha da Trindade, Espírito Santo, Brasil, 20 ° 30 ’S, 29 ° 20 ’W, depth 8 m, collected by T. Simon and R. Macieira, 19 Nov 2009. Paratypes. ZUEC 6353, female, 26.9 mm SL, Ponta da Calheta, Ilha da Trindade, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20 ° 30 ’S, 29 ° 20 ’W, depth 10 m, collected by H.T. Pinheiro, 0 3 May 2009; LNEP-UFF 300, male, 18.5 mm SL, Ponta da Calheta, Ilha da Trindade, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20 ° 30 ’S, 29 ° 20 ’W, depth 8 m, collected by H.T. Pinheiro, 10 May 2009; CIUFES 1945, male, 21.45 mm SL, Ponta da Calheta, Ilha da Trindade, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20 ° 30 ’S, 29 ° 20 ’W, depth 8 m, collected by H.T. Pinheiro, 10 May 2009; CIUFES 1925, male, 17.6 mm SL, Ponta da Calheta, Ilha da Trindade, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20 ° 30 ’S, 29 ° 20 ’W, depth 8 m, collected by H.T. Pinheiro, 10 May 2009; CIUFES 1946, male, 19.5 mm SL, Ponta da Calheta, Ilha da Trindade, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20 ° 30 ’S, 29 ° 20 ’W, depth 8 m, collected by H.T. Pinheiro, 10 May 2009; CIUFES 1938, female, 15.4 mm SL, Ponta da Calheta, Ilha da Trindade, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20 ° 30 ’S, 29 ° 20 ’W, depth 8 m, collected by H.T. Pinheiro, 10 May 2009; CAS 235154, 21.45 mm SL, Ponta da Calheta, Ilha da Trindade, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20 ° 30 ’S, 29 ° 20 ’W, depth 8 m, collected by H.T. Pinheiro, 10 May 2009; CAS 235155, 19.65 mm SL, Ponta da Calheta, Ilha da Trindade, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20 ° 30 ’S, 29 ° 20 ’W, depth 8 m, collected by H.T. Pinheiro, 10 May 2009. Comparative material. Hypleurochilus fissicornis: CIUFES 1055, 1086, MNRJ 20822; Hypleurochilus pseudoaequipinnis: CIUFES 783, MNRJ 20498, LNEP-UFF 0 87, 0 99. Diagnosis. Hypleurochilus brasil differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: pelvic-fin rays I, 3, dorsal fin predominantly XII, 13, anal fin II, 15 or 16 (usually 16), absence of blackened stripes, nape green or white and presence of numerous tiny red spots along body, diminishing in size posteriorly (Figures 3 and 4). Description. Dorsal-fin rays XII, 13 or 14, 13 in 5 specimens and 14 in 4 specimens; anal-fin rays II, 15 or 16, 15 in 3 specimens and 16 in 6 specimens; branched caudal-fin rays 8, total segmented caudal-fin 12; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin rays I, 3; precaudal vertebrae 11, caudal vertebrae 25. Gill opening ending at or slightly above dorsal end of the pectoral fin base. Lateral line straight and short, with 24 distinct tubes, never extending beyond the first segmented dorsal ray. One to four cirri present on anterior nasal opening and one or two on top of eyes. Body moderately elongate, without scales. Head length 3.18 (2.98–4.14) in SL, orbit diameter 4.09 (2.84–4.64) in head length, pectoral-fin length 3.74 (2.73–3.9) in SL and pelvic-fin length 6.11 (4.61–7.69) in SL (Table 2). Horizontal mouth situated low on the head; maxilla reaching posteriorly to a vertical through the centre of eye. Incisiform teeth 25 in the upper jaw and 24 or 25 in the lower jaw. Two large curved canine teeth posteriorly on each side of dentary, at end of incisiform series, and in upper and lower jaws. Cephalic sensory pores arranged in two rows inferior and posterior of eye, one row above superior lip, two rows below lower lip; two arrow-shaped rows on nape, one right posterior to eyes and one slightly anterior to dorsal fin. Colour in life. Individuals shortly after death (approx 2 h) and alive are shown in Figures 3 and 4 to illustrate the colour pattern of the new species. The body is translucent with pale brown tint in juveniles and strongly orange in adults, both with many red spots along sides of body. Adults with transverse pale and dark bars on head and posterior part of body. Nape variable in coloration, green or whitish in juveniles, black in adults. Black pupil surrounded by red iris with black stripes giving the appearance of spokes in a wheel. Snout pale yellow with whitish or bluish streaks. Operculum and pre-operculum bordered with series of white dots. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins, and basal part of caudal fin yellow, without dots or spots. Dorsal and caudal fins hyaline. Colour in alcohol. Body pale brown, red spots in live specimens turn brown (Figure 2). Top of head dark brown. Snout with brownish streaks. Fins pale. Series of white dots on the operculum and pre-operculum disappear. Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the vivid red spots that are like incandescent pieces of a brazing. Brazil’s country name (Brasil in Portuguese), where the species is endemic, originally has a similar derivation. The name of the country was given in recognition of the reddish colour of the wood of a large Brazilian native tree (Caesalpinia echinata – “Pau-Brasil” in Portuguese), very abundant in the past. The name is treated as a noun in apposition. Distribution and habitat. Hypleurochilus brasil sp. n. is known only from the type locality (Figure 5), and is considered to be endemic to Trindade Island and the Martin Vaz Archipelago. This species was recorded from 3 to 15 m depth, it was found either solitary or in small groups (up to 10 individuals), always in small holes or associated with sea-urchins and sponges on the rocky reefs (Figure 4). Remarks: Hypleurochilus brasil is distinguished from H. langi, H. bananensis, H. springeri, H. bermudensis, H. aequipinnis and H. pseudoaequipinnis by having pelvic-fin rays I, 3 (versus I, 4). It differs from H. caudovittatus, H. fissicornis, H. germinatus and H. multifilis by dorsal fin predominantly XII, 13, anal fin II, 15 or 16 (usually 16), absence of black stripes and presence of numerous tiny red spots along body (Figures 3 and 4), diminishing in size posteriorly. Its peculiar coloration (vivid orange spots, nape green or white) is different from all congeners except H. springeri and some H. aequipinnis. A recent phylogenetic analysis shows a low level of divergence between Hypleurochilus brasil sp. n. and H. fissicornis (0.6–0.8 %; Levy et al. 2013). These two species differ in number of dorsal and anal-fin rays (Table 1). Hypleurochilus brasil was misidentified as H. fissicornis by Gasparini & Floeter (2001) and is considered as Hypleurochilus n. sp. by Levy et al. (2013).Published as part of Pinheiro, Hudson T., Gasparini, João Luiz & Rangel, Carlos A., 2013, A new species of the genus Hypleurochilus (Teleostei: Blenniidae) from Trindade Island and Martin Vaz Archipelago, Brazil, pp. 95-100 in Zootaxa 3709 (1) on pages 96-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/21847
Radiospongilla inesi Nicacio, Severi & Pinheiro, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textRadiospongilla inesi sp. nov. Nicacio & Pinheiro (Figs 1–4) Holotype. UFPEPOR 935. Recife, Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, Riacho do Prata, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 8 ° 1 ' 9.40 "S, 34 ° 56 ' 39.93 "W, coll. Nicacio, G. 29 /X/ 2009. Type locality. Brazil, Northeast Region, Eastern North Atlantic Basin, Pernambuco. Paratypes. Recife, Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, Riacho do Prata, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 8 ° 1 ' 9.40 "S, 34 ° 56 ' 39.93 "W. 20 /V/ 2007 coll. Severi, W. UFPEPOR 674; 11 /XII/ 2009 coll. Pinheiro, U.S. UFPEPOR 940; 16 / XII/ 2009 coll. Nicacio, G. UFPEPOR 944; 16 /XII/ 2009 coll. Nicacio G., MNRJ 14746; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 948; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 949; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 950; 06/IV/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 1091; 06/IV/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 1092; 06/IV/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 1093. Additional material. Recife, Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, Riacho do Prata, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 8 ° 1 ' 9.40 "S, 34 ° 56 ' 39.93 "W. 23 /X/ 2009 coll. Pinheiro, U.S. UFPEPOR 932; 23 /X/ 2009 coll. Pinheiro, U.S. UFPEPOR 934; 11 /XII/ 2009 coll. Pinheiro, U.S. UFPEPOR 936; 11 /XII/ 2009 coll. Pinheiro, U.S. UFPEPOR 937; 11 /XII/ 2009 coll. Pinheiro, U.S. UFPEPOR 938; 11 /XII/ 2009 coll. Pinheiro, U.S. UFPEPOR 939; 16 /XII/ 2009 coll. Nicacio, G. UFPEPOR 942; 16 /XII/ 2009 coll. Nicacio, G. UFPEPOR 946; 16 /XII/ 2009 coll. Nicacio, G. UFPEPOR 947; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 952; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 953; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 954; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 955; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 956; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 957; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 958; 11 /I/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 959; 06/IV/ 2010 coll. Nicacio, G., UFPEPOR 1094. FIGURE 1. Map of the geographic distribution and of the type locality of Radiospongilla inesi sp. nov. from Recife, Pernambuco State (in detail), Brazil (8 ° 1 ' 9.40 "S, 34 ° 56 ' 39.93 "W) FIGURE 2. Radiospongilla inesi sp. nov. in situ from Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil (8 ° 1 ' 9.40 "S, 34 ° 56 ' 39.93 "W). FIGURE 3. Radiospongilla inesi sp. nov. from Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil (8 ° 1 ' 9.40 "S, 34 ° 56 ' 39.93 "W) Holotype UFPEPOR 935 (Coleção de Porifera da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco) SEM illustration of spicules and gemmule: a) Megasclere oxea b) Detail of the center of megasclere oxea c–d) Gemmosclere acanthostrongyle e) Gemmule f) Detail of the surface of the gemmule g) Detail of the gemmoscleres radially embedded. Other material examined. Holotype of Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 (MNRJ 0088). Diagnosis. Radiospongilla with megascleres oxeas microspined at middle of the axis or rarely smooth (15 %), microscleres absent, gemmoscleres acanthostrongyles strongly spined (n= 47–55 – 68), with straight and sharply pointed spines uniformly distributed along the axis, terminal spines with curved tips toward to the middle of axis, without formation of pseudorotules. Description of holotype. UFPEPOR 935 is encrusting, about 7 cm in diameter and 2 cm thickness, with one large and conspicuous osculum. Color is yellowish in vivo and light-brown after fixed in ethanol. Surface hispid. Megascleres oxeas slightly curved, microspined at the middle of the axis or rarely smooth (240–271.68 – 312 / 9– 11.1 – 15 µm), microscleres absent, gemmoscleres acanthostrongyles (66–70.74 – 78 / 3–3.68 – 4 µm). Description. Sponge ranging from volcano-shaped, encrusting or massive, with a large conspicuous osculum and/or scattered small oscula (Fig. 2 a–c). It has a maximum thickness of 3 cm and 40 cm of diameter. Color yellowish in vivo and light-brown after fixed in ethanol. Body is soft to very fragile. Surface hispid. Anisotropic skeleton with multispicular bundles connected by abundant spongin. Megascleres oxeas (228–260 – 288 / 9–12 µm) fusiform, straight or slightly curved, microspined at the middle of axis or rarely (15 %) smooth (Fig. 3 a; Fig. 4 a–d). Microscleres absent. Gemmules abundant, yellowish, spherical, free, scattered or clustered at the base of sponge (300–338 – 384 µm). Foramen tubular single and without a collar. Gemmular theca tri-layered with gemmoscleres radially embedded. Outer layer with protruding distal apices of the gemmoscleres. Pneumatic layer well developed network of irregular spongin fibers. Inner layer of sublayered compact spongin (Fig. 3 e–g). Gemmoscleres acanthostrongyles (51–69 – 78 / 3–3.2 – 4 µm) straight, strongly spined (n= 47–55 – 68), radially embedded in gemmules (Fig. 3 c–g; Fig. 4 e–g). The spines of gemmoscleres along the axis are straight and sharp, uniformly distributed, however the terminal spines have curved tips toward the middle of axis. The spines along the axis are larger than the spines of the extremities and do not form pseudorotules. Free gemmoscleres can also be found in the symplasm, identical to those embedded in gemmules. FIGURE 4. Radiospongilla inesi sp. nov. from Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil (8 ° 1 ' 9.40 "S, 34 ° 56 ' 39.93 "W) Light microscopy illustration of megascleres and gemmoscleres: a–b) Smooth oxea megascrele (UFPEPOR 944 and UFPEPOR 1091, respectively) c–d) Spiny oxea megasclere (UFPEPOR 959) e–g) Gemmosclere acanthostrongyle (UFPEPOR 944, UFPEPOR 959 and UFPEPOR 1091, respectvely). Ecology. The specimens were collected on the concrete substrate in perennial shallow waters environments, ponds and streams, depth ranging from 5 cm to 2 m, located at Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, an urban remnant of Atlantic Forest. The area has approximately 387.4 ha, with undulating topography and altitudes ranging from 10 to 100 m. The climate is Tropical wet and dry (As), following The Köppen Climate Classification for coastal regions of Northeastern Brazil. This region is hot and humid, with annual medium precipitation 2,460 mm and monthly average temperatures above 23 ° C (Machado et al., 1998). Within the specimens were found Chironomids associated to sponges. Etymology. The species is dedicated to Dr. Inês Ezcurra de Drago, for her great contribution to the knowledge of freshwater sponges from South America. Remarks. Radiospongilla inesi sp. nov. is allocated to Radiospongilla on the basis of its anisotropic multispicular choanosomal skeleton, gemmoscleres as acanthostrongyles radially embedded on the gemmules and the lack of microscleres. The specimens studied here exhibit morphological differences from the other South American species that justify the proposal of a new species. Compared with Radiospongilla amazonensis, which has megascleres as thicker oxeas and strongyles, this new species has only one category of megasclere which is on average also thinner than those of R. amazonensis (Table 1). The ends of oxea megascleres of R. amazonesis are slightly rounded and abruptly pointed (and hence listed as strongyles in Table 1), in contrast to those of R. inesi sp. nov. which are fusiform, sharply pointed oxeas (Fig. 3 a; Fig. 4 a–d). Moreover, R. amazonensis has gemmoscleres strongly spined at the extremities while in R. inesi sp. nov. the spines are uniformly distributed along the axis and also more abundant (Table 1). Radiospongilla crateriformis is the most similar species of Radiospongilla to the new species. Although that species possesses microspined oxea megascleres, it does not present smooth megascleres like R. inesi sp. nov. The main difference between these two species is the morphology of gemmoscleres. Radiospongilla. crateriformis displays curved spines and which are more concentrated at the extremities, giving appearance of pseudorotules, these gemmoscleres do not show a developed rotule but a group of curved hooks radiating from the apices of the shaft (Potts, 1887, Plate X, Fig.V; Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998, Fig. 2–3). However, R. inesi sp. nov. has spined extremities curved only at the tips and the spines along the axis are uniformly distributed and in greater number, as well the middle spines are larger than the extremities spines (Fig. 3 c–e, 4 e–g).Published as part of Nicacio, Gilberto, Severi, William & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2011, New species of Radiospongilla (Porifera: Spongillidae) from Brazilian inland waters, pp. 56-63 in Zootaxa 3132 on pages 58-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20738
Galethalea machadoi Pinheiro, 2016, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Galethalea machadoi</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figures. 4, 20–23)</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b> male, ECUADOR, Zamora-Chinchipe, Rio San Francisco, Estación Científica San Francisco T1-11(18), 3°58'S, 79°04'W, 2675 m, 23.x.2000, LF II 19:00–19:30 (G. Brehm); SMNS - Lep 2001-06. Dissection number 3417 (L. Pinheiro), kept in vial (SMNS). <b>Five paratypes.</b> ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe, Rio San Francisco, Estación Científica San Francisco, SW1(7), 3°58'S, 79°04'W, 1920 m, 3.xi.2002, LF I 18:45–19:15 (N. Hilt & C. Schulze) (SMNS), 1 male; same, SW2(9), 1900 m, 13.iv.2002, LF VI 21:15–21:45 (N. Hilt & D. Fetting) (SMNS), 1 male; same, SG1(8), 1912 m, 23.x.2003, LF I 18:45–19:15 (N. Hilt & C. Ramenda) (SMNS), 1 male; same, SW2(9), 1900 m, 13.iv.2002, LF II 19:15–19:45 (N. Hilt & D. Fetting) (SMNS), 1 male; same, GL1(11), 1863 m, 3.ix.2003, LF VI 21:15–21:45 (N. Hilt & C. Ramenda) (SMNS), 1 male.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis ♂.</b> Antennae black, except for the anterior and inner surface of the scape, white. Frontoclypeus almost entirely black. Mesoscutellum with one white area. Metascutellum black. FW predominantly black, with various white spots. HW with a very small hyaline area. T8 black.</p> <p> <b>Description ♂. Head.</b> Proboscis light brown. Palpi three segmented, reaching vertex. First two segments black. Third segment twice as long as wide, black, except for the apical surface, white. Antennae black, except for the scape and pedicel, with few white scales anteriorly. Pectination starting in the second flagellomere. Frontoclypeus almost as wide as long, black. Vertex black with few white scales at its anterior margin. Occiput and ocular ring black. Cervical scales orange. <b>Thorax</b>. Mesothorax predominantly black, with a white medial area. Metascutellum black. Patagia black, with a white spot near the external margin. Tegulae predominantly black, with white scales at the anterior margin and medially. Epimera and episterna with long black scales. Ventral surface of the forecoxae black proximally and white distally. Lateral surface black. Forefemora black with a white midventral spot and white proximal margin. Foretibiae and tarsi black with white distal ends. Midcoxae white anteriorly and laterally. Midfemora black, except for the proximal and distal margins, and for a small mid-ventral spot, white. Midtibiae black with white proximal and distal margins, spurs either black or white. Midtarsi black with white distal ends, sometimes with the second segment also white at the distal end. Hindlegs as midlegs. <i>FW</i>. Entirely scaled. Axillary scales white. Dorsal surface predominantly covered by black scales. Pattern of the dorsal surface of the forewings consisting of various white spots. Fringe of the external margin with black scales, except for the area corresponding to cell CuA2-CuP and for the apex, with white scales. Pattern of the ventral surface simpler than that of the dorsal surface, composed of black scales and fewer white areas than the dorsal surface. Venation as in <i>G. wolfei</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> <i>HW.</i> Margins and veins with black scales, part of the central portion hyaline, with the hyaline portion bearing very small setae. Discal cell predominantly hyaline, a small area at the distal portion of the posterior half with sparsely distributed scales. Proximal portions of cells M2-M3, M3-CuA1, and CuA2-CuP also with sparsely distributed scales. Proximal half of cell CuP-1A hyaline. Cell 1A-2A densely scaled, except for the region adjacent to vein 1A, sparsely scaled. Venation also as in <i>G. wolfei</i> <b>sp. nov. Abdomen.</b> T1–2 and T8 black. T3–7 predominantly black, with two latero-posterior orange spots. Hair-like scales on T1–4. S2–7 whitish ventrally and black laterally; S8 black. Coremata present on ventral intersegmental membrane 7–8. Anterior margin of T8 with two small sacular projections. <b>Male genitalia.</b> Ejaculatory duct longer than aedoeagus, inserted dorsally. Coecum rounded. Aedoeagus straight, approximately the same width throughout. Vesica slightly shorter than aedoeagus when fully everted, mostly membranous. Posterior region of vesica with a small sclerotized area and tiny cornuti. Saccus developed, slightly asymmetrical; posterior margin somewhat pointed. Tegumen composed of two oblique plates connected by the posterior margin. Two dorsal, glabrous, heavily sclerotized projections arising near the base of the uncus, with pointed apex and situated between the lobe of the uncus in ventral view. Base of the uncus sclerotized, with few setae, much wider than its lobe, which is short and turned ventrally. Valvae bilobed, asymmetrical, the right valve exceeding uncus, and the left valve reaching it. In both valvae, ventral lobe more sclerotized and longer than the dorsal lobe. Inner surface of each valve with a filiform projection. Ventral surface of both valvae densely covered by setae, dorsal suface with much less setae. Transtilla approximately as sclerotized as the juxta.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is dedicated to Dr. Angelo B. M. Machado on the occasion of his 80th birthday.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Galethalea machadoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is similar to <i>G. d a v i d i</i> Dognin, 1889, which also has Ecuador as its type locality. The main external differences between <i>G. machadoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>G. davidi</i> are the proximal brown markings in the forewings, more extensive in <i>G. machadoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> than in <i>G. d a v i d i</i>, and the hindwings, more brown in the former around the edges of the wings. The genitalia of both species are quite distinct, the most remarkable differences being the densely setose dorsal projections in <i>G. d a v i d i</i> and the asymmetrical valvae in <i>G. machadoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p>Published as part of <i>Pinheiro, Lívia R., 2016, Description of three new species of Galethalea Butler, 1876 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), with comments on the genus, pp. 354-365 in Zootaxa 4078 (1)</i> on pages 362-364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4078.1.30, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/264995">http://zenodo.org/record/264995</a>
Neophrissospongia jorgeorum Dias & Kelly & Pinheiro 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Neophrissospongia jorgeorum</i> sp. nov. <p>https://www.zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/bca1998f-f8b7-464b-91a1-3eb1e542ada5</p> <p>(Figs. 1 and 2; Table 1)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: UFPEPOR 2422, Bacia Potiguar (4° 44’ 53.7” S, 36° 25’ 27.4” W), Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, 108 m, collected by trawl, Box 37, coll. R / V ‘ Astro Garoupa’, 23 May 2011.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name honors Alan Dias and Ulisses Pinheiro’s fathers: Jorge Ricardo de Oliveira Cavalcanti and Jorge Mauricio Pinheiro.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Neophrissospongia</i> with skeleton composed of dicranoclone desmas with mushroom-shaped tubercles, dichotriaenes with tuberculated cladomes, acanthose microstrongyles and acanthose microstyles.</p> <p> <b>Description (Fig. 1a–b).</b> The specimen presents an ear-shaped form and hard consistency with an irregular and rough surface covered with visible aquiferous canals, mostly in the upper region. The color is unknown in life, brownish purple in ethanol and the measures are: 16 cm (length), 13 cm (width) and 2 cm (thick). Additionally, the specimen presents a small number of clustered debris in the basal region.</p> <p> <b> <i>Skeleton</i> (Fig. 1c).</b> Ectosomal skeleton formed by a dense layer of microstrongyles and microstyles, occasionally pierced by choanosomal dichotriaenes. Choanosome formed by dichotriaenes, with some microscleres scattered throughout it, and tuberculated dicranoclones forming a net-like structure.</p> <p> <b> <i>Spicules</i> (Fig. 2a–i).</b> Dicranoclone desma (Fig. 2a): Articulated with mushroom-shaped tubercles (Total length of the arch: 250– <b>381.25</b> –537.5 / 20– <b>34.2</b> –50 µm); Dichotriaene (Fig. 2 b-c): Straight, smooth rhabdome with strongly tuberculated cladome (Rhabdome: 1000– <b>1449.63</b> –2166.5 / 16.5– <b>41</b> –66.5; Cladome: 225 <b>–273.16–</b> 337.5 µm); Microstrongyle (Fig. 2 d-f): Acanthose with light or accentuated curvature (38.6 <b>–47.55–</b> 57.96 / 2.6 <b>–3.13–</b> 3.2 µm); Microstyle (Fig. 2 g-i): Acanthose, long, thin, straight or slightly curved (98 <b>–126.07</b> –157.8 / 0.6 <b>–2.06–</b> 3.2 µm).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> An interesting feature of the new species is the lack of streptasters/amphiasters, both common microscleres in <i>Neophrissospongia</i> species that despite extensive and multiple spicule preparations still could not found. Morphologically, this feature can demonstrate a close relation between <i>Neophrissospongia</i> and <i>Levispongia</i>, going according to the results shown in Schuster <i>et al</i>. (2021). This absence of streptasters/amphiasters also could be a diagnostic character to allocate the new species with <i>Levispongia</i>, despite the habit and spicule complement of <i>Neophrissospongia jorgeorum</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> being more similar to <i>Neophrissospongia</i>, especially its dicranoclones desmas and dichotriaenes. Thus, this is the first record of the Genus <i>Neophrissospongia</i> from Brazil, as well as for the South Atlantic. Until now, seven species of <i>Neophrissospongia</i> have been recorded worldwide: <i>Neophrissospongia microstylifera</i> (Lévi & Lévi, 1983), from New Caledonia; <i>N. radjae</i> Pisera & Vacelet, 2011, from Island of Korkula, Croatia; <i>N. nolitangere</i> (Schmidt, 1870), from Azores, Cape Verde Islands; <i>N. endoumensis</i> Pisera & Vacelet, 2011, from Marseille, France; <i>N. tubulata</i> (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), from Paynes Bay, Barbados; <i>N. nana</i> Manconi & Serusi, 2008, from Sardenha, Italy and <i>N. galapagoensis</i> Schuster <i>et al.</i> 2018, from Tortuga Island, Haiti. Among these species, <i>N. tubulata</i>, <i>N. nana</i> and <i>N. galapagoensis</i> does not have microstyles in the spicule complement, diverging from the new species. <i>Neophrissospongia radjae</i>, <i>N. nolitangere</i> and <i>N. endoumensis</i> differ from the new species in lacking acanthose microstrongyles. <i>Neophrissospongia microstylifera</i> from New Caledonia, is the most similar species to <i>Neophrissospongia jorgeorum</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> for the absence of streptasters/amphiasters and the presence of microstyles and microstrongyles. However, <i>N. microstylifera</i> has subtylostyles, which are not found in the new species. Additionally, the cospecificity is unlikely given the geographical distance between the two species (Brazil and New Caledonia).</p>Published as part of <i>Dias, Alan, Kelly, Michelle & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2023, Two news species of Corallistidae (Porifera; Demospongiae; Tetractinellida) with a first record of Awhiowhio from the Atlantic, pp. 182-192 in Zootaxa 5277 (1)</i> on pages 184-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.1.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7893186">http://zenodo.org/record/7893186</a>
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