35 research outputs found
Массовые передислокации населения в связи со сдвигом на запад территории Польши после Второй мировой войны 1
No full textInternational audienceThe article presents the results of a study of mass movements of ethnic minorities: Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, Jews in the 1939-1947s in the context of changing the borders of the Polish state. The author examines in detail the political prerequisites, historical stages, organizational forms, and specific features of a series of exchanges of numerous representatives of ethnic and social groups between Poland, Germany, Ukraine, and the USSR in general. This process can be characterized as a consistent "demographic surgery", "transplantation" of living social beings with a test of their ability to take root in a non-native, alien environment. The study is based on documented evidence available to researchers in the state archives of Russia, Ukraine, Poland, and Germany. It also uses testimonies preserved in the memory of directly involved participants in the events of that time, mainly displaced persons victims of the geopolitics of that time, who suffered a decade of hardships both in places of forced eviction, as well as in places of forced entry.: В статье представлены результаты исследования массовых перемещений представителейэтнических меньшинств (немцев, поляков, украинцев, евреев) в 1939-1947-х годах в контексте измененияграниц Польского государства. Автор подробно рассматривает политические предпосылки,исторические этапы, организационные формы и специфические особенности серии обменовмногочисленными представителями этнических и социальных групп населения между СССР, Польшей,Германией и Украиной. Этот процесс может быть охарактеризован как последовательная«демографическая хирургия», «трансплантация» живых социальных существ с испытанием ихвозможностей по приживанию в инородной среде. Исследование опирается на документированныесвидетельства, доступные для исследователей в государственных архивах России, Украины, Польши,Германии. В нем также используются свидетельства, сохранившиеся в памяти непосредственныхучастников событий того времени, как лиц, принимавших решения, организаторов и пропагандистоврепатриационных мероприятий, так и самих вынужденных переселенцев – жертв геополитики тоговремени, на долю которых выпало десятилетие тяжелейших испытаний как в местах принудительноговыселения, так и в местах принудительного вселения
La genèse des transferts de populations dans les territoires libérés
No full textRésuméDans l’histoire du déplacement de la minorité ukrainienne de Pologne vers l’URSS, effectué dans le contexte de la modification des frontières polono-soviétiques à partir de septembre 1944, l’attention des spécialistes s’est surtout focalisée sur la phase critique de ce transfert, devenu forcé dès la mi-1945 et mettant surtout en cause l’action de l’État polonais dans la migration contrainte. En revenant sur la première séquence de cette histoire et en se basant, principalement, sur l’exploitation d’archives ukrainiennes soviétiques, cet article entend reconstituer les projets, les attentes, et les pratiques mises en œuvre par les agents ukrainiens chargés, en Pologne, d’encadrer le départ de la minorité. Il revient, ce faisant, sur les origines de l’enchaînement des violences et rend compte des pressions exercées par l’acteur ukrainien sur son homologue polonais pour réaliser l’épuration ethnique des territoires, montrant in fine à quel point ce pan sombre d’histoire s’est écrit à deux voix.AbstractThe genesis of population transfers in liberated territories : The “voluntary” evacuation of Poland’s Ukrainian minority to the Soviet Union (September 1944-June 1945)Students of the transfer of Poland’s Ukrainian minority to the Soviet Union initiated in September 1944 on the occasion of the border change between Poland and the Soviet Union have so far focused their attention on the critical phase of this transfer - which became compulsory in the middle of 1945 - and held the Polish state responsible for this forced migration. The author of the present article chooses to focus on the first stage of the transfer. She uses Soviet Ukrainian archives in order to reconstitute the plans, expectations, and practices of the Ukrainian officers in charge of organizing the minority group’s departure. In the process, she goes back to the origin of the escalation of violence and gives an account of the pressures exerted by Ukrainian officers on their Polish counterparts to achieve ethnic cleansing, and eventually demonstrates that it took two to write this dark episode of history
A generic algorithm to automatically classify urban fabric according to the local climate zone system: implementation in GeoClimate 0.0.1 and application to French cities
No full textGeographical features may have a considerable effect on local climate. The local climate zone (LCZ) system proposed by Stewart and Oke (2012) is nowadays seen as a standard approach for classifying any zone according to a set of urban canopy parameters. While many methods already exist to map the LCZ, only few tools are openly and freely available. This paper presents the algorithm implemented in the GeoClimate software to identify the LCZ of any place in the world based on vector data. Six types of information are needed as input: the building footprint, road and rail networks, water, vegetation, and impervious surfaces. First, the territory is partitioned into reference spatial units (RSUs) using the road and rail network, as well as the boundaries of large vegetation and water patches. Then 14 urban canopy parameters are calculated for each RSU. Their values are used to classify each unit to a given LCZ type according to a set of rules. GeoClimate can automatically prepare the inputs and calculate the LCZ for two datasets, namely OpenStreetMap (OSM, available worldwide) and the BD TOPO® v2.2 (BDT, a French dataset produced by the national mapping agency). The LCZ are calculated for 22 French communes using these two datasets in order to evaluate the effect of the dataset on the results. About 55 % of all areas have obtained the same LCZ type, with large differences when differentiating this result by city (from 30 % to 82 %). The agreement is good for large patches of forest and water, as well as for compact mid-rise and open low-rise LCZ types. It is lower for open mid-rise and open high-rise, mainly due to the height underestimation of OSM buildings located in open areas. Through its simplicity of use, GeoClimate has great potential for new collaboration in the LCZ field. The software (and its source code) used to produce the LCZ data is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6372337 (Bocher et al., 2022); the scripts and data used for the purpose of this article can be freely accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7687911 (Bernard et al., 2023) and are based on the R package available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7646866 (Gousseff, 2023).</p
Catherine Gousseff, Anna Sossinskaïa, éds., Les enfants de l’exil
No full text« Je suis né en 1908 à Pavlovsk. Dans ma petite enfance, je ne devais me soucier de rien […]. Mais cela n’a pas duré longtemps parce que les Bolcheviques sont apparus en 1917 […]. Notre famille a dû quitter son foyer natal et aller là où il n’y avait pas de Bolcheviques. Durant les premiers jours, notre famille est restée réunie. Mais, puisque j’ai voyagé dans une tout autre charrette que celle de mon père et par un tout autre chemin, j’ai perdu mes parents et j’ai dû continuer la route par m..
Catherine Gousseff, Anna Sossinskaïa, éds., Les enfants de l’exil
No full text« Je suis né en 1908 à Pavlovsk. Dans ma petite enfance, je ne devais me soucier de rien […]. Mais cela n’a pas duré longtemps parce que les Bolcheviques sont apparus en 1917 […]. Notre famille a dû quitter son foyer natal et aller là où il n’y avait pas de Bolcheviques. Durant les premiers jours, notre famille est restée réunie. Mais, puisque j’ai voyagé dans une tout autre charrette que celle de mon père et par un tout autre chemin, j’ai perdu mes parents et j’ai dû continuer la route par m..
Les granulomatoses systémiques d’origine infectieuse
No full textInternational audiencePurposeGranulomatous diseases are defined by specific histological features, following the local recruitment of macrophages and lymphocytes. Many infections can lead to the development of granuloma.Current knowledge and key pointsMicroorganisms responsible for granuloma include mainly mycobacteria, many viral and fungal species, as well as schistosoma in endemic areas. Nevertheless, almost all microorganisms can lead to granuloma, especially if their clearance needs macrophages pathway. New immunosuppressive drugs such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists are associated with a high risk of infectious granulomatous complications. All patients with granuloma must be carefully screened to find a potential underlying infection, since an immunosupressive therapy could be otherwise considered. We here review the general diagnostic process with a specific glance to the main organs.Future prospects and projectsWithout clinical or epidemiological clue, diagnosis can be very tedious. New molecular tools now assist classical microbiological and histological techniques. Their specificity and sensitivity have recently been better characterized, and their use will probably increase in the near future for the diagnosis of infectious granuloma. They may also lead to discover new infectious aetiologies of granulomatous diseases formerly considered as idiopathic. We describe here the main microorganisms that can be responsible for granuloma, with a specific focus on the use of new diagnostic tools.ProposLes granulomatoses regroupent un ensemble de pathologies définies par la présence de lésions histologiques caractéristiques liées au recrutement de macrophages et de lymphocytes. Elles peuvent être déclenchées par un grand nombre de microorganismes pathogènes.Actualités et point fortsLes pathogènes responsables de granulomes sont en premier lieu les mycobactéries, certaines espèces virales ou fongiques et le schistosome en zone d’endémie. Cependant, tous les microorganismes, notamment ceux qui survivent dans les macrophages et/ou stimulent leur recrutement peuvent être impliqués. Certains nouveaux traitements immunomodulateurs (anti-TNF-alpha) sont responsables d’une augmentation de la prévalence des granulomatoses d’origine infectieuse. Une enquête infectieuse approfondie doit être menée devant tout granulome, d’autant plus que sa négativité pourra permettre la prescription d’immunosuppresseurs. La conduite à tenir générale est ici rappelée, parfois guidée par l’organe atteint.Perspectives et projetsLe diagnostic microbiologique devant un granulome est difficile quand il n’est pas orienté par le contexte clinique ou épidémiologique. Les recherches microbiologiques et histologiques classiques sont facilitées par l’utilisation de techniques d’immunohistochimie et de biologie moléculaire. Ces techniques dont les critères de sensibilité et spécificité se précisent peu à peu, peuvent également permettre d’associer à des agents infectieux non-cultivables des maladies d’origine encore indéterminée. Les principales étiologies et les techniques qui peuvent aider à étayer leur diagnostic sont ici détaillées
Prikazi
No full textEwa Wróblewska-Trochimiuk, Umjetnost na marginama. Hrvatski politički plakat u 19. i 20. stoljeću (M Flajsig)
Sanja Đurin, “Hrvati su brand u Čileu”. Diskursi uspješnosti i pripadanja (I. Prica)
Lydia Sklevicky, Žene i moć. Povijesna geneza jednog interesa, ur. Andrea Feldman i Marijana Kardum (I. Hanaček)
Lilijana Burcar, Restauracija kapitalizma. Repatrijarhalizacija društva (B. Miloš)
Antonija Zaradija Kiš i Marinka Šimić, Cvijet kreposti. O naravi ljudskoj kroz narav životinjsku. Studija – transliteracija – faksimil (M.-A. Dürrigl)
Prvi svjetski rat u hrvatskim tradicijskim pjesmama, prir. Irena Miholić i Renata Jambrešić Kirin (B. Majnarić)
Davor Nikolić, Između zvuka i značenja. Fonostilistički pristup hrvatskim usmenoretoričkim žanrovima (J. Tomašić)
Tomislav Oroz, Gdje si bio 1573? Lica i naličja Matije Gupca u praksama sjećanja (J. Kale)
At Home but Foreigners. Population Transfers in 20th Century Istria, ur. Katja Hrobat Virloget, Catherine Gousseff i Gustavo Corni (J. Kale)
Disrupting Historicity, Reclaiming the Future, ur. Silvana Carotenuto, Francesca Maria Gabrielli i Renata Jambrešić Kirin (L. Stevanović)
Kamen na cesti. Granice, opresija i imperativ solidarnosti, ur. Lada Čale Feldman, Lidija Dujić, Maša Grdešić, Renata Jambrešić Kirin, Anita Dremel i Nataša Medved (A. Smokrović)
Framing the Nation and Collective Identities. Political Rituals and Cultural Memory of the Twentieth-Century Trauma in Croatia, ur. Vjeran Pavlaković i Davor Pauković (O. Obad)
Folklore. Electronic Journal of Folklore 77 (M. Bregović)
Americana 8/2 (M. Bregović)
Teaching Fairy Tales, ur. Nancy L. Canepa (N. Kujundžić)
Stoljeće djeteta u Hrvatskoj. Djetinjstvo i školovanje u 20. stoljeću, katalog izložbe (D. Zima)
Kazivač. Časopis za etnološke i kulturnoantropološke teme 3/3 (V. Benković)
Konferencija Filozofsko-znanstveni aspekti veganstva (M. Bradić
Prikazi
No full textEwa Wróblewska-Trochimiuk, Umjetnost na marginama. Hrvatski politički plakat u 19. i 20. stoljeću (M Flajsig)
Sanja Đurin, “Hrvati su brand u Čileu”. Diskursi uspješnosti i pripadanja (I. Prica)
Lydia Sklevicky, Žene i moć. Povijesna geneza jednog interesa, ur. Andrea Feldman i Marijana Kardum (I. Hanaček)
Lilijana Burcar, Restauracija kapitalizma. Repatrijarhalizacija društva (B. Miloš)
Antonija Zaradija Kiš i Marinka Šimić, Cvijet kreposti. O naravi ljudskoj kroz narav životinjsku. Studija – transliteracija – faksimil (M.-A. Dürrigl)
Prvi svjetski rat u hrvatskim tradicijskim pjesmama, prir. Irena Miholić i Renata Jambrešić Kirin (B. Majnarić)
Davor Nikolić, Između zvuka i značenja. Fonostilistički pristup hrvatskim usmenoretoričkim žanrovima (J. Tomašić)
Tomislav Oroz, Gdje si bio 1573? Lica i naličja Matije Gupca u praksama sjećanja (J. Kale)
At Home but Foreigners. Population Transfers in 20th Century Istria, ur. Katja Hrobat Virloget, Catherine Gousseff i Gustavo Corni (J. Kale)
Disrupting Historicity, Reclaiming the Future, ur. Silvana Carotenuto, Francesca Maria Gabrielli i Renata Jambrešić Kirin (L. Stevanović)
Kamen na cesti. Granice, opresija i imperativ solidarnosti, ur. Lada Čale Feldman, Lidija Dujić, Maša Grdešić, Renata Jambrešić Kirin, Anita Dremel i Nataša Medved (A. Smokrović)
Framing the Nation and Collective Identities. Political Rituals and Cultural Memory of the Twentieth-Century Trauma in Croatia, ur. Vjeran Pavlaković i Davor Pauković (O. Obad)
Folklore. Electronic Journal of Folklore 77 (M. Bregović)
Americana 8/2 (M. Bregović)
Teaching Fairy Tales, ur. Nancy L. Canepa (N. Kujundžić)
Stoljeće djeteta u Hrvatskoj. Djetinjstvo i školovanje u 20. stoljeću, katalog izložbe (D. Zima)
Kazivač. Časopis za etnološke i kulturnoantropološke teme 3/3 (V. Benković)
Konferencija Filozofsko-znanstveni aspekti veganstva (M. Bradić
