1,721,189 research outputs found
Media e Territorio. L'impresa la cultura l'arte del viaggio in Italia nella stampa turistica
No full textGli ultimi prodotti della tecnologia di navigazione satellitare hanno provocato una vera rivoluzione nella pianificazione e gestione 'in diretta' di percorsi turistico culturali. Una rivoluzione ad altissimo valore aggiunto ludico-informazionale.
Ogni angolo di strada, roggia, tabernacolo, ciglione,pieve, crocicchio, fossato, balza, vallata, picco, parco, sentiero, tratturo, giacimento, cava, ecc., è oggi implementabile di informazione statistica, storico-artistica, socio-economica, tassonomica sia mediante la consultazione diretta del data base dedicato, sia mediante l’utilizzo di link a siti, forum e blog specialistici. Il collegamento satellitare ed il conseguente puntamento 'dal cielo' dell’oggetto desiderato ne consente una ‘conquista polimorfa’: all'avvicinamento 'fisico', a piedi o con mezzi, si combina quello 'virtuale' mediante una progressiva zoommata satellitare ed un sapiente accumularsi di net-nozioni. Modalità iperrealistica e vagamente retro-postmodern di mediatizzazione del territorio nella sua forma di ‘sistema di prodotti consumer’, un «sapere sempre (di più) dove si è...», una specie di sestante mercantile impropriamente dedicato a tracciare e omologare segmenti di prodotto/patrimonio ambiental-culturale, piuttosto che a creare ricchezza direzionando lo scambio tra ‘diversità’ sapienti e industriose. Mediatizzazione del ‘territorio’ che va affrontata partendo dai ‘fondamentali’ socio-culturali ed economico-industriali per capirne il ruolo strategico nell’affermarsi di un processo mondiale di globalizzazione dei mercati. Dei tanti approcci, quello testimoniato dalla piccola ma significativa tessera descritta in questo saggio, ci sembra essere uno dei più interessanti e dei più frequentati da studiosi e scienziati di diverse e multidisciplinari competenze: storici dello scambio culturale’, socio-politologi delle migrazioni, economisti , semiologi e antropologi ecc.: mi riferisco all’approccio comunicazionale che legge, nella profonda e larga storia del viaggio, le storie trasversali che ne hanno stratificato le esperienze, le strategie collettive e e le ‘metamorfosi economiche’, ricavandone ipotesi e teorie che consentono di descrivere i processi complessi di valorizzazione che hanno interessato le regioni storiche ed i territori della progressiva e aggressiva antropizzazione del pianeta. L'approccio che valorizza lo svilupparsi in Italia negli ultimi quarant'anni della stampa turistica periodica apre un percorso di ricerca trasversale di estremo interesse per gli studi sullo sviluppo delle città e dei territori e della nascita delle scienze del paesaggio
Aspirin in asymptomatic patients with confirmed positivity of antiphospholipid antibodies? Yes (in some cases)
No full textChallenges and treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy
No full textABSTRACT: Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can spontaneously improve during pregnancy. However, a considerable proportion of patients can experience a flare and high disease activity has been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Thus, the treatment of RA in pregnant women should be selected taking into account both the potential harmful effects of the treatment and the risk associated with discontinuation. Areas covered: Recent publications regarding safety of the most important disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) during pregnancy has been reviewed. A systematic literature search of MEDLINE was conducted using pregnancy, teratogenicity, adverse effects, embryo/foetal-toxicity as key search terms for each DMARD. Expert opinion: A great body of evidence suggest that hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, and non-fluorinated steroids can be continued throughout pregnancy, while methotrexate and leflunomide should be discontinued 3 months before pregnancy. Continuation of TNFi during the first part of pregnancy should be considered when benefits outweigh the potential risk of teratogenicity. Data regarding other biologics are scant and, at present, they should be stopped before pregnancy
Statins and autoimmune diseases
No full textBesides the well-known lipid-lowering effect, statins display nonlipid-lowering pharmacological activities. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that statins have direct anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and plaque-stabilizing effects via a number of mechanisms. A direct immunomodulatory effect has been also demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In addition to traditional risk factors, systemic inflammation, immune-mediated responses and thrombophilia have been suggested to play a major role in sustaining the premature atherosclerosis in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating mechanisms of statins as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo experimental models, providing new insights for the use of statins in treating systemic autoimmune diseases both for their anti-atherosclerotic activity and for their pleiotropic effects on inflammation, haemostasis and the immune responses. (copyright) 2005 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd
A Technology Roadmap on Service-Oriented Cross-layer Infrastructure for Distributed smart Embedded devices
No full textRecognition and management of antiphospholipid syndrome
No full textPurpose of review This article summarizes the recent developments in the recognition and management of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Recent findings Five Task Forces, created as part of the 14th International Congress on antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), published their systematic reviews. 'For the recognition of APS': the assessment of aPL profile is crucial for risk stratification; lupus anticoagulant positivity, especially in the context of 'triple aPL positivity' displays the highest risk; a panel of criteria and noncriteria aPL tests may help better risk-stratify the aPL-positive in the future. 'For the management of APS': direct oral anticoagulants are not currently recommended; statins ameliorate the proinflammator/thrombotic markers, whereas hydroxychloroquine reduces the risk of thrombosis in experimental models and lupus patients, which justify their use as an adjunctive treatment in refractory cases; B-cell inhibition may have a role in difficult-to-treat patients with hematologic and microthrombotic/angiopathic manifestations; and complement and mammalian targets of rapamycin complex pathway inhibition are promising targets in APS. Summary Warfarin, heparin, and/or antiplatelet drugs are the standard of care for aPL-positive patients. Recent studies suggest novel approaches that target new coagulation and immunomodulatory pathways; mechanistic and/or controlled clinical studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of these novel approaches
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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