1,720,964 research outputs found
Le distanze del Mediterraneo. Europa e mondo arabo tra sviluppo e nazionalismo
No full textL’epoca del nazionalismo arabo post-coloniale, e in particolare1 il periodo dal 1956 al 1974, è stata spesso descritta come un periodo di conflitto e divergenza tra le diverse sponde del Mediterraneo1. Tuttavia, non può essere considerata come un momento di rottu- ra radicale dello spazio mediterraneo poiché fu proprio allora che i Paesi post-coloniali cercarono di tradurre compiutamente nei loro territori due delle istituzioni caratterizzanti la modernità di matrice europea: lo stato-nazione e lo sviluppo industriale. La convergenza delle strutture istituzionali si coniugò dunque con la divergenza po- litica tra le due sponde del Mediterraneo. Successivamente, i termini del rapporto si invertirono e a una maggiore integrazione politica ed economica tra gruppi dirigenti europei e arabi corrispose una diver- genza in termini di sviluppo economico
The Middle East and the Cold War. Between Security and Development
No full textThere have been quite a lot of attempts to find out exactly what the impact of the Cold War on the Middle East was, and this from different disciplinary perspectives. This volumes tries to integrate the historical debate with new fresh insights thanks to the works of young scholars who are currently engaged in archival and field research. Algeria, Sudan, Jordan as well as Syria, Israel and Iran during the embattled 1950s and 1960s are the objects of this volume, which draws a much more complicated picture than one might expect. As a matter of fact, both the Cold War superpowers and their European allies proved constrained in their interventions to shape the political and economic dynamics of the region according to their own plans: on the contrary, Middle Eastern rulers enjoyed remarkable autonomy to achieve their goals, and fully exploited, in rhetorics and practice, the competition and rivalry which divided the industrial countries during the Cold War. The process of decolonization and the related construction of new patterns of national sovereignty and development were major issues at stake for both the Cold War camps and their postcolonial partners in the Middle East. Though peculiar, the region proved to be no exception to global trends.
The so called “liberal” Fifties as well as the “radical” Sixties of the XXth century were times of great conflict and change, setting much of the institutions and patterns of development which lasted for three decades, at least, but also providing fresh opportunities for new social and politics groups to emerge and consolidate in power. In light of the current events in North Africa and the Middle East at large, this volume is a highly valuable contribution to the deeper and wider understanding of the region in itself as well as the patterns of its integration within the wider, global world
The Pragmatic Politics of the Improvised Socialism”: The East German Advisors in Syria, 1965-1972
No full textAfter WWII the bipolar competition focused in the European and East Asian arenas in the form of strategic and military disputes. Once the USA and the USSR consolidated the defence of their nearest allies, they turned their attention to the on-going decolonization process. Washington and Moscow soon realized that the ultimate success of their universalist projects also depended heavily on the future orientation of the new independent states. The two superpowers and their allies offered several competing models of development, most of which were based on their own historical experience. The decline of colonial empires, the Bandung Conference in 1955 and the birth of the Non-Aligned Movement (NLM) helped set the framework for a global competition: here, the main issues at stake were political independence and economic development. Third World leaders were generally aware of the opportunities as well as of the risks: they could exploit such competition to secure the greatest possible material assistance, but their national priorities could well be undermined by the politics of the bipolar conflict
Ambizioni e limiti della politica mediterranea dell'Unione Europea
No full textIl saggio ripercorre le principali tappe che hanno caratterizzato la politica mediterranea della Cee/Ue, partendo dalla politica globale mediterranea degli anni Settanta fino al progetto di Unione per il Mediterraneo lanciato dal presidente Sarkozy nel 2008. Il contributo si sofferma in particolare sul fallimento del progetto più ambizioso elaborato dall'UE nel 1995: il processo di Barcellona, per la realizzazione di un partenariato euro-mediterraneo. L'analisi storica del fallimento della politica mediterranea della Ue permette di comprendere le difficoltà incontrate dai governi europei nell'affrontare i grandi cambiamenti innescati nel Mediterraneo dalle primavere arabe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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