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Method of measuring properties of paticles and corresponding apparatus
A method of measuring properties of particles comprises the steps of generating a beam of radiation (IW); illuminating with the beam (IW) an observation region (MR) which is transited by a particle (B), a portion of the beam (IW) giving rise to radiation (SW) which is scattered by scattering interaction with the particle (B), and another portion (TW) being transmitted substantially undisturbed through the observation region (MR); and detecting, in a detection plane (M), a plurality of radiation intensity values which are determined by the interference between the scattered radiation (SW) and the transmitted radiation (TW). The detection of the radiation intensity values in the detection plane (M) is carried out according to a time sequence of acquisitions corresponding to successive transit positions of the particle through the observation region (MR). On the basis of the time sequence of acquisitions, the trend of a parameter of asymmetry of the distribution of the plurality of radiation intensity values with respect to the optical axis (z), due to the successive transit positions of the particle (B), is determined as a function of time. Depending on the trend of the parameter of asymmetry determined as a function of time, the trends of phase delay and amplitude of the scattered radiation (SW) with respect to the transmitted radiation (TW) are determined as a function of time, and the properties of the particle (B) are determined on the basis of the trends of the phase delay and amplitude of the scattered radiation (SW) as a function of time
A method for measuring properties of particels by means of interference fringe analysis and corresponding apparatus
A method of measuring properties of particles comprises the steps of: generating a beam of radiation (IB) which is propagated along a principal axis (z), illuminating with the beam (IB) an observation region (MR) with particles (B), a portion of the beam (IB) giving rise to radiation (SW) which is scattered by interaction of the portion of the beam (IB) with the particles (B) and another portion (TB) being transmitted substantially undisturbed through the observation region (MR), and detecting, in a plane (M) disposed on the propagation axis (z), radiation intensity values which are determined by the interference between the scattered radiation (SW) and the transmitted radiation (TB). The method further comprises the steps of: identifying systems of interference fringes associated with the particles (B) in which the interference pattern is affected by a phase delay of the scattered radiation (SW) relative to the transmitted radiation (TB), the delay being determined by the interaction of the radiation beam (IB) with the particles (B), and determining the properties of the particles (B) on the basis of the lower-order interference fringes
La base con iscrizione osca posta da Maius Calovius Of(felli filius) e le istituzioni di Cuma nel II secolo a. C.
Process for measuring properties of particles and corresponding apparatus
A method of measuring properties of particles comprises the steps of generating a beam of radiation (IW); illuminating with the beam (IW) an observation region (MR) which is transited by a particle (B), a portion of the beam (IW) giving rise to radiation (SW) which is scattered by scattering interaction with the particle (B), and another portion (TW) being transmitted substantially undisturbed through the observation region (MR); and detecting, in a detection plane (M), a plurality of radiation intensity values which are determined by the interference between the scattered radiation (SW) and the transmitted radiation (TW). The detection of the radiation intensity values in the detection plane (M) is carried out according to a time sequence of acquisitions corresponding to successive transit positions of the particle through the observation region (MR). On the basis of the time sequence of acquisitions, the trend of a parameter of asymmetry of the distribution of the plurality of radiation intensity values with respect to the optical axis (z), due to the successive transit positions of the particle (B), is determined as a function of time. Depending on the trend of the parameter of asymmetry determined as a function of time, the trends of phase delay and amplitude of the scattered radiation (SW) with respect to the transmitted radiation (TW) are determined as a function of time, and the properties of the particle (B) are determined on the basis of the trends of the phase delay and amplitude of the scattered radiation (SW) as a function of time
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
PERCUTANEOUS LITHOTRIPSY FOR THE TREATMENT OF URINARY STONES IN HORSESHOE KIDNEYS F. Germinale, R. Stubinski, P. Bottino, A. Simonato, M. Giglio, G. Carmignani ABSTRACTS 17TH WORLD CONGRESS ON ENDOUROLOGY AND SWL RHODES SEPTEMBER 2-5 1999;A91
Variations on the Author
“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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