1,721,428 research outputs found
O Araguaia pelos Militares: Imaginários e Barbáries
Full text linkReview text “Araguaia by the Military: Imaginary and Barbaries” (2008), by the author Flávia M. Franchini Ribeiro.Review text “Araguaia by the Military: Imaginary and Barbaries” (2008), by the author Flávia M. Franchini Ribeiro.Texto da resenha "O Araguaia pelos Militares: Imaginários e Barbáries " da autora Flávia M. Franchini Ribeiro
Venous and arterial thrombosis : different sides of the same coin?
No full textUntil recently venous and arterial thrombosis were considered mechanistically distinct entities. However, their separate nature has been challenged by several studies showing that these conditions share a number of risk factors such as age, obesity, infections and the metabolic syndrome. The existence of an association is further supported by the finding that patients with venous thromboembolism are at higher risk of arterial events and vice versa. This review article addresses the association between venous and arterial thrombosis and its clinical and therapeutic implications. We conclude that arterial and venous thrombosis are mechanistically different, but that common risk factors are more relevant and frequent than previously thought
A new era for anticoagulants
No full textSelective inhibitors of specific coagulation factors represent a new class of antithrombotic agents, designed to overcome the limitations of traditional anticoagulants. Available clinical studies indicate that the most promising new anticoagulants are those selectively targeting factor Xa and thrombin. Typically, the standard steps for clinical evaluation of new anticoagulants are thromboprophylaxis in high risk orthopedic surgery, followed by treatment of established venous thromboembolism, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndromes. These agents - that have the potential to be more effective and easier to use than conventional drugs such as heparins and vitamin K antagonists - will greatly expand our armamentarium for the prevention and treatment of arterial and venous thromboembolism. The current knowledge on these antithrombotic agents is summarized in this review, particularly focusing on the early results of clinical trials
Multiple gene interaction and modulation of hemostatic balance
No full textRecent progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of hemostasis has established that blood coagulation disorders causing bleeding or thrombosis often indicate a multi-casual nature in which the interaction between genetic and acquired factors plays a major mechanistic role. The interaction of two or more factors may attenuate clinical symptoms. However, a synergic worsening may also occur, resulting in a higher risk than expected from the combination of the separate effects. The role of genetic factors on the modulation of the phenotypic expression of coagulation disorders will be addressed in this review, with particular emphasis on the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications
New antiplatelet agents : why they are needed
No full textDespite recent advances in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine during the acute phase and for secondary prevention, this condition remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The limitations of the currently available antiplatelet agents have triggered the development of newer drugs. In this review we summarize the mechanisms of actions and results of current clinical trials of novel antiplatelet agents. These include prasugrel, a thienopyridine prodrug which has a mechanism similar to that of clopidogrel but superior pharmacokinetic features; ticagrelor, a non-thienopyridine that binds reversibly to the platelet P2Y 12 receptor; cangrelor, an intravenously administered analog of ticagrelor; the thrombin receptor antagonist SCH 53048; and terutroban (S18886), a thromboxane A 2 receptor inhibitor
Particulate air pollution and cardiovascular risk : short-term and long-term effects
No full textIt is well known that exposure to particulate air pollutants is associated with the development of adverse health effects. In particular, there is growing evidence of a close relationship between increased levels of environmental pollutants and cardiovascular disease. Particle exposure may trigger acute cardiac events as well as promote the chronic development of cardiovascular disorders. Several biological mechanisms have been suggested to explain the important effect of air pollution on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, although the exact pathways are not fully understood. The literature data on the short-term and long-term cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollutants are discussed in this review from a clinical and mechanistic point of view. (c) Thieme Medical Publishers
Short-term effects of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases : outcomes and mechanisms
No full textThe effects of air pollution on health have been intensively studied in recent years. Acute exposure to environmental pollutants such as particulate and gaseous matters (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and ozone) was associated with an increased rate of events and mortality because of cardiovascular diseases. These effects were investigated in short-term studies, which related day-to-day variations in air pollution to disease, and in long-term studies, which have followed cohorts of exposed individuals over time. The evidence from the literature on the short-term cardiovascular effects of air pollutants is discussed from clinical and mechanistic points of view
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