83 research outputs found
Maternal emulsifier consumption leads to mild metabolic impairments at weaning.
No full text(A) Experimental design of maternal emulsifier consumption and offspring collection at weaning. (B) Body length at weaning of male (n = 9 CTRL and n = 6 Emul) and female (n = 13 CTRL and n = 6 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams. (C) Body weight at weaning of male (n = 9 CTRL and n = 12 Emul) and female (n = 11 CTRL and n = 12 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams. (D) Epididymal and gWAT weight normalized by total body weight and represented as % of control animals in male (n = 9 CTRL and n = 12 Emul) and female (n = 11 CTRL and n = 12 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (E) GTT and (F) AUC in male (n = 20 CTRL and n = 19 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (G) ITT and (H) AUC in male (n = 8 CTRL and n = 4 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (I) Six–hour fasting blood glucose levels in male (n = 9 CTRL and n = 10 Emul) and female (n = 11 CTRL and n = 11 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (J) Plasma insulin levels in male (n = 8 CTRL and n = 10 Emul) and female (n = 10 CTRL and n = 11 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning after 6 h of fasting. (K) Plasma leptin levels in male (n = 8 CTRL and n = 8 Emul) and female (n = 10 CTRL and n = 11 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning after 6 h of fasting. (L) Plasma leptin levels across postnatal development (P7–P10–P13–P21) (P7 n = 6 CTRL and n = 5 Emul; P10 n = 6 CTRL and n = 6 Emul; P13 n = 6 CTRL and n = 6 Emul; P21 n = 8 CTRL and n = 8 Emul) in male offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams. (M) Peak plasma leptin levels at P10 (n = 6 CTRL and n = 6 Emul) in male offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams. (N) GTT and (O) AUC in female (n = 19 CTRL and n = 21 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (P) ITT and (Q) AUC in female (n = 5 CTRL and n = 5 Emul) offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams at weaning. (R) Plasma leptin levels across postnatal development (P7–P10–P13–P21) (P7 n = 6 CTRL and n = 4 Emul; P10 n = 6 CTRL and n = 4 Emul; P13 n = 6 CTRL and n = 4 Emul; P21 n = 10 CTRL and n = 11 Emul) in female offspring from control and emulsifier–exposed dams. Data in B, G, H, L, M, P, Q, and R are derived from 1 single experiment. Data in C, D, E, F, I, J, K, N, and O are pools from 2 different experiments. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired t test in B, C, D, F, H, I, J, K, M, O, and Q and two–way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s post hoc analysis in E, G, N, and P. Panels L and R were analyzed using a two–way ANOVA mixed effects. *p p 10.6084/m9.figshare.22742759. AUC, area under the curve; GTT, glucose tolerance test; gWAT, gonadal white adipose tissue; ITT, insulin tolerance test.</p
Etiology of cardiovascular disease in patients with schizophrenia: current perspectives
No full textMurat Emul,1 Tevfik Kalelioglu21Department of Psychiatry, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, 2Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Mental Health Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyAbstract: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are important problems among patients with schizophrenia. A wide spectrum of reasons, ranging from genes to the environment, are held responsible for causing the cardiovascular risk factors that may lead to shortening the life expectancy of patients with schizophrenia. Here, we have summarized the etiologic issues related with the cardiovascular risk factors in schizophrenia. First, we focused on heritable factors associated with cardiovascular disease and schizophrenia by mentioning studies about genetics–epigenetics, in the first-episode or drug-naïve patients. In this context, the association and candidate gene studies about metabolic disturbances in schizophrenia are reviewed, and the lack of the effects of epigenetic/posttranscriptional factors such as microRNAs is mentioned. Increased rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus and disrupted metabolic parameters in schizophrenia are forcing clinicians to struggle with metabolic syndrome parameters and related issues, which are also the underlying causes for the risk of having cardiometabolic and cardiovascular etiology. Second, we summarized the findings of metabolic syndrome-related entities and discussed the influence of the illness itself, antipsychotic drug treatment, and the possible disadvantageous lifestyle on the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or diabetes mellitus. Third, we emphasized on the risk factors of sudden cardiac death in patients with schizophrenia. We reviewed the findings on the arrhythmias such as QT prolongation, which is a risk factor for Torsade de Pointes and sudden cardiac death or P-wave prolongation that is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. For example, the use of antipsychotics is an important reason for the prolongation of QT and some other cardiac autonomic dysfunctions. Additionally, we discussed relatively rare issues such as myocarditis and cardiomyopathy, which are important for prognosis in schizophrenia that may have originated from the use of antipsychotic medication. In conclusion, we considered that the studies and awareness about physical needs of patients with schizophrenia are increasing. It seems logical to increase cooperation and shared care between the different health care professionals to screen and treat cardiovascular disease (CVD)-risk factors, MetS, and diabetes in patients with psychiatric disorders, because some risk factors of MetS or CVD are avoidable or at least modifiable to decrease high mortality in schizophrenia. We suggested that future research should focus on conducting an integrated system of studies based on a holistic biopsychosocial evaluation.Keywords: antipsychotic, cardiovascular risk, MetS, miRNA, QTc, schizophreni
Macroporous alumina with cellular interconnected morphology from emulsion templated polymer composite precursors
No full textMacroporous polymer composites with included alumina particles were prepared via an emul-sion templating procedure by photopolymerising the monomer containing continuous phase. Methylmethacrylate and multifunctional acrylate monomer Sartomer SR 492 were used for the polymer matrix.Composites with open porous cellular morphology with cavities around 15 m were obtained and furtherprocessed by a calcination and sintering process to form alumina ceramic material with the same mor-phology as the polymer composite precursors. Emulsion composition was optimised in order to obtainmonolithic type of the final material with macropores on a micrometer scale connected by a number ofinterconnecting channels. Mechanical and thermal properties both of precursor composites and ceramicmaterials were evaluated
Microscopic insight into electronic and structural properties of Cr3+ and Fe3+ impurities in Cs2NaAlF6 via DFT and SPM analyses
No full textErbahar, Doğan (Dogus Author)Allowing high transition metal (TM) ions doping concentrations makes the fluoroelpasolite crystals Cs2NaMF6 (M=Al, Ga) quite interesting in various laser applications. In this study, we explored the influence of the dopant ions on the electronic and structural properties of Cs2NaAlF6. Particular attention is paid to the influence of trivalent TM ions (Cr3+ and Fe3+) on the local structure around the possible substitutional cation sites by investigating the optimized geometry around impurity sites due to Cr3+ and Fe3+ using density functional theory (DFT). The obtained structural data are utilized for the calculations of zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters (ZFSPs) and crystal field parameters (CFPs) of both dopant ions independently in the frame of semi empirical superposition model (SPM). It is shown that remarkable change on the ZFSPs comes not from the distortion on metal-ligand distance but from that on the angular positions of the ligands around the impurity centers. It is clearly shown that the substitution of both Cr3+ and Fe3+ ions take place with significant influence on electronic structure and geometry for the trivalent Al3+ sites. The presented results here have significant potential to better understand the low-symmetry effects in especially optical applications of Cs2NaAlF6:Cr3+ and Cs2NaYF6:Fe3+ systems. Particularly, the calculated CFPs for Cs2NaYF6:Fe3+ system may serve as the only record in literature
Analysis of paramagnetic 3d ions (Cr3+ and Fe3+) centers in fluoroelpasolite Cs2NaGaF6 crystal by both DFT and SPM calculations
No full textThe structural properties of 3d ions (Cr3+ and Fe3+) centers in Cs2NaGaF6 have been investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) and semi-empirical superposition model (SPM) calculations. The local geometry (i.e. equilibrium ligand distance and angles between the host cation ion (Cs+, Na+, or Ga3+) and F ligands) for pure, Cr3+ doped and Fe3+ doped structures have been determined after a fully relaxed geometry optimization at each lattice site. The previous experimental zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters (ZFSPs) have been analyzed by SPM calculations using the obtained structural properties from DFT. The combination of two methods provide us to confirm the main result of the previous electron magnetic resonance and optical investigations stating that transition metal (TM) ions substitute for octahedral sites instead of being distributed randomly in the lattice of Cs2NaGaF6. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
SiSeRHMap v1.0: A simulator for mapped seismic response using a hybrid model
No full textThe SiSeRHMap (simulator for mapped seismic response using a hybrid model) is a computerized methodology capable of elaborating prediction maps of seismic response in terms of acceleration spectra. It was realized on the basis of a hybrid model which combines different approaches and models in a new and non-conventional way. These approaches and models are organized in a code architecture composed of five interdependent modules. A GIS (geographic information system) cubic model (GCM), which is a layered computational structure based on the concept of lithodynamic units and zones, aims at reproducing a parameterized layered subsoil model. A meta-modelling process confers a hybrid nature to the methodology. In this process, the one-dimensional (1-D) linear equivalent analysis produces acceleration response spectra for a specified number of site profiles using one or more input motions. The shear wave velocity-thickness profiles, defined as trainers, are randomly selected in each zone. Subsequently, a numerical adaptive simulation model (Emul-spectra) is optimized on the above trainer acceleration response spectra by means of a dedicated evolutionary algorithm (EA) and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) as the final optimizer. In the final step, the GCM maps executor module produces a serial map set of a stratigraphic seismic response at different periods, grid solving the calibrated Emul-spectra model. In addition, the spectra topographic amplification is also computed by means of a 3-D validated numerical prediction model. This model is built to match the results of the numerical simulations related to isolate reliefs using GIS morphometric data. In this way, different sets of seismic response maps are developed on which maps of design acceleration response spectra are also defined by means of an enveloping technique. © Author(s) 2016
Lipid Profile in Depressive Disorders with Melancholic and Atypical Features
No full textObjective: The studier in which the relationship between serum lipid profile and depression was examined had revealed controversial results. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and depressive disorders with atypical and melancholic features. Method: The study consisted of 39 depressive patients and 20 healthy controls. The depressive patients were divided into two groups, depressive disorders with atypical features and melancholic features. The patients were assessed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and then, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was administered to all patients. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were measured at 08.00-09.00 a. m. TK/HDL, LDL/HDL and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all subjects. Result: The patient groups and control group were matched for sex, age and BMI. We did not find any statistically significant difference in serum TC, HDL, LDL, VLDL, TG levels and TK/HDL and LDL/HDL among groups (P>0.05). There was also no correlation between serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and sex in patients and control groups. Conclusion: Our results did not support the hypotheses that lipid profile was a biological marker to distunguish depressive disorder with melancholic features from atypical features, and that there may be a gender difference between lipid concentrations and major depression
Prodrom şizofreni, güncel gelişmeler ve sorunlar
No full textProdrom kelimesi gelişecek bir olayın habercisi anlamında kullanımaktadır. Prodrom evre şizofreni derken, kişinin belirtilerinin olduğu ve bu evreyi izleyen dönemde tam anlamıyla şizofreni gelişeceği anlatılmak istenmektedir. Kanser tarama yöntemleri gibi şizofreniyi de hastalık başlamadan tanımanın gerekliliği çok açıktır. Tedavisiz ya da müdahalesiz geçen sürenin ya da şizofren bireyin tedavisinde gecikmenin kötü sonuçları olduğuna inanılmaktadır. Ancak prodrom evreyle ilgili sorular vardır. Örneğin, her şizofreni gelişecek bireyde prodrom evre benzer midir ya da prodrom evresi sonrası her bireyde prodrom evre şizofreni mi gelişmektedir? Bu dönemi tarama amaçlı birçok ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Duyarlılığı ve öngörme gücü en yüksek olan testler aracılığıyla ultra yüksek riskli gruplar oluşturulmuştur. Ultra yüksek riskli grubun özelliklerini taşıyan bireylerin %40’ında sonradan şizofreni geliştiği saptanmıştır. Prodromal evreyi tanımayı kolaylaştırmak amacıyla şizofreniye yatkınlık, şizotipi ve şizotaksi kavramları yeniden tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Prodrom evreyi tanımak istemenin arkasındaki bütün motivasyon, şizofreninin beyine olası toksik etkilerinden bireyi korumak, tedavisiz psikoz süresini azaltmak, çok daha az yan etkili ilaçlarla hastalığın prognozuna olumlu katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu nedenle, prodrom evrede olduğu düşünülen bireylere düşük doz antipsikotik tedavi dâhil çeşitli farmakolojik, davranışsal müdahaleler ya da çevresel düzenlemeler gündemdedir. Yanlış pozitif tanılar da düşünüldüğünde bu durum beraberinde damgalanma, hastalık tanısı almayan bireye ilaç tedavisi, aile ve bireyin yaşayabilecekleri stresi ve ilişkili etik konuları tartışmayı gerektirmektedir
Mixing power in a mixer equipped with two impellers mounted on the common shaft
No full textW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu odległości między dwoma mieszadłami zamocowanymi na wspólnym wale na moc mieszania układów woda-olej 20-30, woda-olej 20-70 i minimalną częstość obrotów mieszadła. Badania wykazały, iż minimalna częstość obrotów mieszadła zależy od odległości pomiędzy mieszadłami oraz rodzaju stosowanego mieszadła. Ponadto stwierdzono, iż moc mieszania zależy od rodzaju stosowanego mieszadła. Największa wartość mocy mieszania charakteryzowała układ mieszadeł 2RT.Research results dealing with the effect of distance between two impellers mounted on the common shaft on mixing power in water - oil 20-30 and wateroil 20-70 systems, and the minimal agitator speed needed for emul- sification are presented in the paper. It is shown that the minimal agitator speed depends on the distance between two impellers and a type of agitators. It was stated that mixing power depends on a type of agitators used. Mixing power achieved the biggest value for the system of 2RT impellers
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