1,720,956 research outputs found
Consuming genomes : scientific and social innovation in direct-to-consumer genetic testing
No full textSince 2006 companies in the US have started to offer direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing for a variety of diseases and traits. Recently, the activities of 23andMe and Navigenics, the two leading providers of DTC genetic services, have come under the scrutiny of various regulators and institutions, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the House Committee on Energy and Commerce and, in 2008, the California and New York Departments of Health. In this work we first situate this DTC innovation within the historical trajectory of gene testing as it developed in the context of clinical medicine around the three key criteria of analytic validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility. We then analyze the recent encounters between DTC providers and regulators to identify the key scientific and discursive resources that are being employed to position this innovation with respect to analytic validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility. Our empirical analysis of a rich set of primary sources (including websites, policy documents, and interviews) shows that the emergence of DTC gene testing is a conspicuous instance of co-production: a new kind of genetic knowledge and a new kind of biological citizenship is being articulated around the figure of the genetic consumer
Consuming Genomes: The Coproduction of a New Scientific and Technological Order for Genetic Testing
Full text linkAt the intersection of consumer culture, venture capital, biotechnology, and increased patient autonomy, a new biomedical service industry has emerged. Since 2006 companies in the US have been altering the landscape of health care by offering Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) genetic testing for a variety of diseases and traits. Recently, the activities of 23andMe and Navigenics, the two leading providers of DTC genetic services, have come under the scrutiny of various regulators and institutions, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the House of Representatives’ Committee on Energy and Commerce. In this dissertation, I situate direct-to-consumer genetic testing within the historical trajectory of genetic testing technology and the increasing profitability of information technology and biomedicine. I then analyze the recent encounters between DTC providers and regulators to identify the key scientific and discursive resources that are being employed to position the genetic testing technology with respect to regulatory initiatives. My empirical analysis of a rich set of primary sources (including websites, policy documents, and interviews) shows that the emergence of DTC genetic testing is a conspicuous instance of coproduction: a new social and technological order for genetic testing has led to the emergence of a new figure, the genetic consumer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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