21 research outputs found
Multiresistance in potentially pathogen bacteria isolated from septicaemic dead neonates in breeding kennels
No full textPoste
Water matters. Geoarchaeology of the city of Adria and palaeohydrographic variations (Po delta, northern Italy).
No full textAdria is located in the northern Po delta at the edge of the Venice Lagoon, a sector of the Po Plain that was built by the late Holocene geomorphic activity of the Po, Adige and Tartaro rivers. Early settlements are dated to the Middle Bronze Age, and the city developed as a major urban centre during the Iron Age and Roman times. In the early Middle Ages, Adria survived as a local religious centre in the Venetian area, as evidenced by the existence of a 9th century AD church. The superimposition of archaeological deposits led to the upbuilding of an anthropogenic mound rising up to 5 m above the surrounding plain. The aim of this investigation is to understand the evolution of the city of Adria from the 1st millennium BC to the Middle Ages, and its relationships with the rearrangement of the river network and connected palaeogeographic setting
Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from breeding dogs housed in kennels with differing neonatal mortality and use of antibiotics.
No full textThis work examines the antimicrobial resistance of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus pseudintermedius,
Streptococcus canis, Escherichia coli) found in the vaginal tract in prepartum mammary secretions and postpartum milk of bitches
housed in breeding kennels (N 20; 92 bitches). The kennels were divided into three categories: no routine antimicrobial
administration around parturition (category 1); routine administration of one antibiotic around parturition (category 2); routine
administration of multiple antimicrobials around parturition (category 3). Bacteriological cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests
were performed on vaginal specimens, prepartum mammary secretions, and postpartum milk. Stillbirths and neonatal deaths were
recorded for each whelping and analyzed as “within-litter stillbirths” and “within-litter neonatal deaths” according to kennel
category, by Pearson 2 test and the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test, respectively. The frequency of isolation and antimicrobial
resistance of bacteria were analyzed according to kennel category by Pearson 2 test. Kennel category was not significantly
associated with differing numbers of stillbirths or neonatal death events, nor was the frequency of isolation of potentially
pathogenic bacteria in the three kennel categories significantly different. Kennel category 3 had a significantly higher frequency
of isolation of multiresistant gram-positive bacterial strains. Our results show that intense administration of antibiotics to breeding
bitches does not effectively reduce neonatal mortality; on the contrary, it induces multiresistance in potentially pathogenic
bacteria. Breeders and veterinarians should be aware of the risk of selecting pathogenic bacteria by uncontrolled treatment in
prepartum bitches
Isolation of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from breeding dogs
No full textThe overuse of antimicrobials can select resistant bacteria strains; staphylococci have the ability to become resistant to all beta-lactam antimicrobials and are a significant concern in human medicine and a growing issue for veterinary medicine. Because antimicrobials are sometimes incorrectly used in breeding kennels, the objective of the work was to assess the occurrence of methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci in breeding dogs. The research was carried out in 13 kennels that were allotted to three categories according to the intensity of antimicrobial use. Vaginal and milk swabs were taken from 87 healthy bitches around parturition and also from multiple organs of 27 of their pups that died within the first 2 weeks. Standard bacteriological examinations were carried out and coagulase-positive staphylococci were identified. All the coagulase-positive staphylococci resulted to be Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Susceptibility to oxacillin and the presence of the mecA gene were tested. Nine out of 89 strains (six isolated from the bitches' milk and three from dead puppies, all belonging to kennels characterized by an excessive use of antimicrobials) were multidrug-resistant, methicillin-resistant and mecA positive. Our results confirm that excessive use of antimicrobials entails the risk of selecting resistant staphylococci strains. Our data also indicate that the bacterial flora of healthy dogs belonging to specific populations may act as a reservoir of resistance genes
Misuse of Antimicrobials and Selection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains in Breeding Kennels: Genetic Characterization of Bacteria After a Two-year Interval
No full textMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains have been isolated from dogs with increasing frequency; prolonged or excessive use of antimicrobials is associated with the selection of MRSP, and misuse of antimicrobials is frequent in breeding kennels. This study was carried out in two breeding kennels (A and B) in which we had isolated MRSP in 2008: the aim was to assess colonization of previously positive bitches and of other bitches sharing the same environment and to assess the genetic profile of both the old and the new strains [spa typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)]. Six animals from Kennel A (two from 2008) and eight from Kennel B (one from 2008) were tested: 16 MRSP strains were isolated only from bitches housed in Kennel B. Old and new isolates were mecA positive, resulted spa type t02 and carried SSCmec II-III. PGFE showed that all isolates were related and belonged to the main clone lineage dominating in Europe, ST71-J-t02-II-III. Kennels A and B differ in the use of antimicrobials, which has been reduced over time in Kennel A, while has remained excessive in Kennel B, where many agents belonging to different classes (third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolids) are administered to dogs, without veterinary supervision, especially around parturition. Misuse of antimicrobials is the key factor for the selection of MRSP strains in healthy dogs and for their persistence over time. Dog breeders should be aware that infections caused by multiresistant bacteria have very limited therapeutical options and represent a huge challenge for animal healt
Possible Role of Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus in the reproductive disorders of the bitch
No full textLong-term drivers and impacts of abrupt river changes in managed lowlands of the Adige River and northern Po delta (Northern Italy)
No full textWe analysed the millennial-scale evolution of the alluvial systems of the Po and Adige rivers
around the city of Adria, through the analysis of remote sensing images, digital terrain model,
historical maps, and the execution of manual cores across the main alluvial ridges. Selected
organic samples were radiocarbon dated.
Results show that floodplain sedimentation dominated the area until 4.3-4.0 ka cal BP, followed by
aggradation of a major alluvial ridge of the Po River (Adria ridge) until 2.6 ka cal BP. Due to a major
upstream avulsion, the Po River shifted tens of kilometers to the south, and the minor Tartaro
River started flowing through ancient Adria bringing stable geomorphic conditions. In the 10th
century AD, the opening of two crevasse channels on the right bank of the Adige River, the
Castagnaro and Malopera rivers, initiated the aggradation of the alluvial ridge of the Tartaro River
at Adria. This happened during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, in a period of enhanced flooding
recorded in Northern Italy, in the Alps and the Mediterranean basin. Extensive peat sedimentation
followed since the 11th century, indicating a decrease of overbank flooding and silting by the
Tartaro River due to concurrent early management of the crevasses, proximal sediment
accumulation, and favorable regional climatic conditions. Fluvial sedimentation started again in
the early 15th century, due to the reactivation of the Castagnaro and Malopera crevasses. This
happened at the beginning of the Little Ice Age in a period of recurrent flooding of the Adige River,
but human-induced modification of channel width and depth may have concurred. Overall
aggradation along the Tartaro ridge led to the deposition of up to 4 m of sediment, and the
complete burial of an early Medieval church in the city of Adria. The end of this sedimentary event
predates the 17th century, and relates to efficient river management actuated by the Venetian
Republic.
Our investigation highlights how a major avulsion of a large river such as the Po can abruptly
change the environmental conditions of large stretches of alluvial plain, allowing the development
of an urban settlement on the former floodplain. It further show that such favorable setting can
be suddenly modified by the opening of crevasse channels tens of kilometers away, if water and
sedimentary connectivity is allowed. Adria community was resilient to flooding and silting and
always attempted to manage the crevasses, but its efforts were counterbalanced by fluctuating
climatic conditions
