52 research outputs found
Features of breast cancer in developing countries, examples from North-Africa
No full textEpidemiological features of breast cancer appear to be different in developing countries compared to Western countries, with notably large proportions of young patients, male patients and aggressive forms of the disease. Using North-Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt) as an example, we document the magnitude and explore possible explanations for such patterns. Articles and reports published since the seventies were reviewed. Results show that breast cancer incidence in females is 2-4 times lower in North-Africa than in Western countries while incidence in males is similar. Consequently, the relative proportion of male breast cancer is high ( ̃2% of all breast cancers). Similarly, the incidence of aggressive forms of the disease, like inflammatory or triple negative breast cancer (in females), is not higher in North Africa than in Western countries, but their relative proportion in case series (up to 10% for inflammatory and 15-25% for triple negative) is significantly higher because of low incidence of other forms of the disease. In North Africa, the incidence among women aged 15-49 is lower than in Western countries, but the very low incidence among women aged more than 50, combined to the young age pyramid of North-Africa, makes the relative proportions of young patients substantially higher (50-60% versus 20% in France). Such epidemiological features result mainly from peculiar risk factor profiles, which are typical for many developing countries and include notably rapid changes in reproductive behaviours. These features have important implications for breast cancer control and treatment. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Carcinomes nasopharyngés associés au virus d’Epstein-Barr : De l’épidémiologie à la thérapeutique et au dépistage
No full textLes carcinomes nasopharyngés interpellent cliniciens et biologistes dans de nombreuses disciplines dont l’épidémiologie, la génétique, la virologie et l’immunologie. Ces tumeurs ont une répartition géographique tout à fait surprenante, faible dans la plus grande partie du monde, leur incidence est élevée en Extrême-Orient et en Afrique du Nord. Elles sont associées de façon constante au virus d’Epstein-Barr et leur étude revêt donc une importance particulière à l’heure où le virus d’Epstein-Barr est incriminé dans d’autres affections malignes humaines (carcinomes gastriques, mammaires et thyroïdiens, par exemple). Favoriser les échanges entre la recherche clinique sur les carcinomes nasopharyngés au Sud et la recherche fondamentale au Nord, tel était l’objectif de l’Atelier Nord-Sud sur les carcinomes nasopharyngés qui s’est tenu à l’Institut Gustave Roussy début décembre 2003.Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) challenge clinicians and biologists in various fields including epidemiology, genetics, virology and immunology. These tumours have a striking geographical distribution. They are constantly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and contain a massive lymphocytic infiltrate. Their study has major implications especially at this moment while a pathological role of EBV is suspected in several other human epithelial malignancies (for example gastric, mammary and thyroid carcinomas). The North-South Workshop on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma was held at the Institut Gustave-Roussy in early December 2003. Its main goal was to support the exchanges between clinical research on NPC in the South and basic research in the North. With regard to epidemiology and genetics, the main information was the possible existence of several susceptibility genes (including two of them on the 4p and 5p chromosomes). In virology, participants have emphasized the selection of peculiar EBV variants within the malignant cells and the expression of novel oncogenic viral proteins : LMP2 and BARF1. Cellular gene alterations also contribute to NPC development, especially inactivation of tumor suppressor genes located on the 3p chromosome. Therapeutic research was not forgotten. Hope of higher rate of cure relies on improved ballistic processes in radiotherapy (IMRT) and on the development of targeted therapeutics : induction of the lytic/productive viral cycle, gene therapy with conditional replicative adenoviruses, antitumor vaccination directed against the viral protein LMP2
Breast cancer early detection methods for low and middle income countries, a review of the evidence
No full textOrganized national mammographic screening has been adopted as the gold standard for breast cancer early detection in western countries; however it may not be the most cost-effective approach to early detection in low and middle income countries (LMC) as it is very demanding in terms of human and financial resources. Moreover, its benefit to harm ratio has been questioned lately, particularly in women <50 years, the age group which produces the majority of breast cancer cases in LMC. In the past few years, evidence about alternatives to mammographic screening that would benefit LMC populations have been produced. They are reviewed and discussed in the present paper, together with evidence about mammographic screening relevant to LMC. Alternative screening tests (clinical breast-exam and self breast-exam) are examined, then the pro- and cons- for various strategies (opportunistic screening, population based screening and clinical downstaging) are discussed
[Nasopharyngeal carcinomas and Epstein-Barr virus: from epidemiology and detection to therapy]
No full textNasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) challenge clinicians and biologists in various fields including epidemiology, genetics, virology and immunology. These tumours have a striking geographical distribution. They are constantly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and contain a massive lymphocytic infiltrate. Their study has major implications especially at this moment while a pathological role of EBV is suspected in several other human epithelial malignancies (for example gastric, mammary and thyroid carcinomas). The North-South Workshop on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma was held at the Institut Gustave-Roussy in early December 2003. Its main goal was to support the exchanges between clinical research on NPC in the South and basic research in the North. With regard to epidemiology and genetics, the main information was the possible existence of several susceptibility genes (including two of them on the 4p and 5p chromosomes). In virology, participants have emphasized the selection of peculiar EBV variants within the malignant cells and the expression of novel oncogenic viral proteins : LMP2 and BARF1. Cellular gene alterations also contribute to NPC development, especially inactivation of tumor suppressor genes located on the 3p chromosome. Therapeutic research was not forgotten. Hope of higher rate of cure relies on improved ballistic processes in radiotherapy (IMRT) and on the development of targeted therapeutics : induction of the lytic/productive viral cycle, gene therapy with conditional replicative adenoviruses, antitumor vaccination directed against the viral protein LMP2
Second primary cancers in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A pooled analysis of 13 cancer registries
No full text10.1007/s10552-006-0101-zCancer Causes and Control183269-278CCCN
[Nasopharyngeal carcinomas and Epstein-Barr virus: from epidemiology and detection to therapy]
No full textNasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) challenge clinicians and biologists in various fields including epidemiology, genetics, virology and immunology. These tumours have a striking geographical distribution. They are constantly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and contain a massive lymphocytic infiltrate. Their study has major implications especially at this moment while a pathological role of EBV is suspected in several other human epithelial malignancies (for example gastric, mammary and thyroid carcinomas). The North-South Workshop on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma was held at the Institut Gustave-Roussy in early December 2003. Its main goal was to support the exchanges between clinical research on NPC in the South and basic research in the North. With regard to epidemiology and genetics, the main information was the possible existence of several susceptibility genes (including two of them on the 4p and 5p chromosomes). In virology, participants have emphasized the selection of peculiar EBV variants within the malignant cells and the expression of novel oncogenic viral proteins : LMP2 and BARF1. Cellular gene alterations also contribute to NPC development, especially inactivation of tumor suppressor genes located on the 3p chromosome. Therapeutic research was not forgotten. Hope of higher rate of cure relies on improved ballistic processes in radiotherapy (IMRT) and on the development of targeted therapeutics : induction of the lytic/productive viral cycle, gene therapy with conditional replicative adenoviruses, antitumor vaccination directed against the viral protein LMP2
Abstract P3-13-06: Racial Differences in Breast Cancer Biomarkers in the Three Ethnic Groups of Sarawak, Malaysia
No full textAbstract
Sarawak, Malaysia
Introduction
The Malaysian state of Sarawak has a mixed ethnic population of Natives, Chinese and Malays. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer. We present preliminary results obtained on a case series of 1034 female BC
patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2009, representative of the Sarawak patient population (as discussed in our previous publication: Devi et al. 2007). Methods
Tumor markers were assessed using immuno-histochemistry, Her2 2+ and Her2 3+ were confirmed using FISH test. Patients were classified as follow:
Luminal A : ER+ PR+ and Fish — Luminal B : ER+, PR+ and Fish + Her2-overexpressing : ER-, PR-and Fish — Triple-negative : ER-, PR-and Fish -
Chi2 comparisons and multivariate logistic regressions were performed using SAS statistical software. The OR presented are adjusted on age and ethnic groups. Results
BC incidence was higher among Chinese (ASR=30.6) than among Malay (ASR=21.2) or Natives (ASR=7.8).
In our series, luminal B, Her2-overexpressing and triple negative subtypes were represented in respectively 12%, 11% and 29% of the patients. The triple negative subtype was more frequent among Natives cases (37%) or Malay cases (33%), significantly higher than among Chinese cases (23%).
Compared to luminal A, triple negative patients were more likely to be Malay (OR = 2.07; 95%CI= [1.44-2.98]) or Natives (OR = 2.13; 95%CI= [1.48-3.04]), to have older age at menopause (OR for menopause &gt;50 years = 1.59 ; 95%CI= [1.01-2.51]) and less likely to have familial history of BC (OR = 0.52; 95%CI= [0.3260.82]) or to have breast fed for 0 to 6 months (OR = 0.60 ; 95%CI= [0.37-0.97]). Malay and Native triple negative patients were more likely to be overweight when pre-menopausal (OR for BMI 25-29 vs. BMI&lt;25 = 2.02; 95%CI=[1.02-3.97]), such a trend did not exist in Chinese patients.
Compared to luminal A, Her2-overexpressing patients were more likely to be Malay (OR = 1.66; 95%CI= [1.01-2.70]) and to have children (OR parous vs nulliparous=1.99; 95%CI= [1.11-3.59]). The number of children did not influence the association. A borderline significant association (p=0.053) was observed with menopausal status
Compared to luminal A, luminal B, were significantly more likely to be Malay (OR=2.10; 95%CI= [1.32-3.33]), to be premenopausal (OR=1.87; 95%CI=[1.13-3.10]) and to be over-weight (OR for BMI 25-29 vs. BMI&lt;25 = 1.64; 95%CI=[1.06-2.53]) especially when premenopausal (OR=1.96; 95%CI= [1.05-3.65]).
Surprisingly, age distribution did not differ between Luminal A, B, Her2- overexpressing and triple-negative patients, however 80% of our patients were &lt;60. Conclusions
The proportion of triple negative patients in our series revealed to be one of the highest ever reported, and was significantly higher than in Caucasian or other Asian cases series. Our results confirm the finding the HER2- overexpression is more frequent in Asians compared to whites or African American. Regarding risk factors our results did not conflict with those reported in the literature for Caucasian populations however some specific patterns were observed that need to be studied further.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-06.</jats:p
Trend-TDT – a transmission/disequilibrium based association test on functional mini/microsatellites
No full textAbstract Background Minisatellites and microsatellites are associated with human disease, not only as markers of risk but also involved directly in disease pathogenesis. They may play significant roles in replication, repair and mutation of DNA, regulation of gene transcription and protein structure alteration. Phenotypes can thus be affected by mini/microsatellites in a manner proportional to the length of the allele. Here we propose a new method to assess the linear trend toward transmission of shorter or longer alleles from heterozygote parents to affected child. Results This test (trend-TDT) performs better than other TDT (Transmission/Disequilibrium Test) type tests, such as TDTmax and TDTL/S, under most marker-disease association models. Conclusion The trend-TDT test is a more powerful association test when there is a biological basis to suspect a relationship between allele length and disease risk.</p
Breast cancer early detection and resources: Where in the world do we start?
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